Graphen Oxide

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is an essential reference target for hepatocellular carcinoma detection, follow-up and prediction. Herein, a dual-signal electrochemical aptasensor based on reduced graphene oxide-cuprous oxide (RGO-Cu2 O) nanozyme was developed for GPC3 detection. The RGO-Cu2 O nanoenzyme displayed excellent electron transport effect, large specific surface area and outstanding peroxidase-like ability. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) signal of Cu2 O oxidation fraction and the chronoamperometry (i-t) signal of H2 O2 decomposition catalyzed by RGO-Cu2 O nanozyme were used as dual-signal detection...

In this study, the distribution of oxygen-containing functional groups on graphene with vacancies and topological defects was systematically investigated using advanced computational methods and the structure models for multi-defect graphene oxides (GOs) were proposed. All potential adsorption sites were considered through an automated structure generation program to identify energetically favorable structures. Unlike the pristine graphene surface where oxygen-containing functional groups always aggregate with each other, we observed a tendency for them to preferentially adsorb near defects...

Identifying the oxidation structure of two-dimensional interfaces is crucial to improve surface chemistry and electronic properties. Beyond graphene with only phenyl rings, a novel carbon-nitrogen material, C3N, presents an intrinsic heterogeneous surface morphology where each phenyl ring is encircled by six nitrogen atoms, yet its atomistic oxidation structure remains unclear. Here, combining a series of density functional theory calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that thermodynamically favorable oxidation loci are confined to the phenyl ring, and kinetic transformations of oxidation structures are feasible along the phenyl ring, whereas those toward nitrogen atoms are proven to be extremely difficult...

Retraction of 'Aqueous aerobic oxidation of alkyl arenes and alcohols catalyzed by copper(II) phthalocyanine supported on three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene at room temperature' by Mojtaba Mahyari et al. , Chem. Commun. , 2014, 50 , 7855-7857, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC01406E.

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Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are ubiquitous in contemporary applications, yet their environmental and human health impacts remain inadequately understood. This study addresses the challenge of identifying potential risks associated with ENM exposure by highlighting the significant variability in existing research methodologies. Without a systematic collection of toxicological data that encompasses standardized materials, relevant platforms, and assays, the task of identifying potential risks linked to ENM exposure becomes an intricate challenge...

The present study aimed to elucidate the short term biodistribution of nano sized graphene oxide (GO) along with the toxicological assessment under in-vivo condition with an intent to analyse the toxic effects of sudden accidental exposure of GO The synthesised GO was characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TGA and DLS. The morphological imaging was performed using SEM, TEM and AFM. With a lateral size of less than 300 nm, these nanoparticles exhibit significant organ barrier permeability of up to 20%...

The limited solubility of graphene in water can be attributed to the existence of π-π bonds connecting its layers. Functionalized graphene or graphene oxide (GO) is frequently produced in order to overcome the shortcomings of graphene. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculation, functionalized graphene with various combinations of hydroxyl, epoxy, and carboxylic functional groups were investigated computationally. The study focused on the effects of functional group combinations on the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies, giving information about the chemical reactivity and stability of the molecules under investigation...

Methylene blue (MB) is a toxic contaminant present in wastewater. Here, we prepared various composites of graphene oxide (GO) with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) for the degradation of MB. In comparison to ZnO (22.9%) and g-C3 N4 /ZnO (76.0%), the ternary composites of GO/g-C3 N4 /ZnO showed 90% photocatalytic degradation of MB under a light source after 60 min. The experimental setup and parameters were varied to examine the process and effectiveness of MB degradation. Based on the results of the experiments, a proposed photocatalytic degradation process that explains the roles of GO, ZnO, and g-C3 N4 in improving the photocatalytic efficacy of newly prepared GO/g-C3 N4 /ZnO was explored...

Microbial infections represent a significant health risk, often leading to severe complications and, in some cases, even fatalities. As a result, there is an urgent need to explore innovative drug delivery systems and alternative therapeutic techniques. The photothermal therapy has emerged as a promising antibacterial approach and is the focus of this study. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of two distinct supramolecular composite hydrogels by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) into guanosine quadruplex (G4) based hydrogels containing covalently bound β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)...

The successful commercialization of algal biophotovoltaics (BPV) technology hinges upon a multifaceted approach, encompassing factors such as the development of a cost-efficient and highly conductive anode material. To address this issue, we developed an environmentally benign method of producing reduced graphene oxide (rGO), using concentrated Chlorella sp. UMACC 313 suspensions as the reducing agent. The produced rGO was subsequently coated on the carbon paper (rGO-CP) and used as the BPV device's anode. As a result, maximum power density was increased by 950% for Chlorella sp...

Down Syndrome (DS) is a common genetic condition caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. Among the complex clinical features including musculoskeletal, neurological and cardiovascular disabilities, individuals with DS develop progressive dementia and early onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This is attributed to the increased gene dosage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the formation of self-propagating Aβ and tau prion conformers, and the deposition of neurotoxic Aβ plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles...

Na3 V2 (PO4 )2 F3 (NVPF) has been regarded as a favorable cathode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high voltage and stable structure. However, the limited electronic conductivity restricts its rate performance. NVPF@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized by a facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach with subsequent calcination to shorten the hydrothermal time. NVPF nanocuboids with sizes of 50-150 nm distributed on rGO can be obtained, delivering excellent electrochemical performance such as a longevity life (a high capacity retention of 85...

In this study, the BiOBr/rGO nanocomposite photocatalysts are fabricated by a facile solvothermal method. The BiOBr growth on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheet could improve BiOBr's photocatalytic activity by increasing its adsorption ability, surface area, and charge carriers' separation efficiency. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, Raman, FESEM, EDS, XPS, and UV-visible DRS. The BiOBr/rGO (BRG) nanocomposites showed improved photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye and Tetracycline (TC) under visible light irradiation...

Graphdiyne (GDY) is a new member of family of carbon-based 2D nanomaterials (NMs), but the environmental toxicity is less investigated compared with other 2D NMs, such as graphene oxide (GO). In this study, we compared with developmental toxicity of GO and GDY to zebrafish larvae. It was shown that exposure of zebrafish embryos from 5 h post fertilization to GO and GDY for up to 5 days decreased hatching rate and induced morphological deformity. Behavioral tests indicated that GO and GDY treatment led to hyperactivity of larvae...

The removal of excess bilirubin from blood is of great clinical importance. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is often used to efficiently remove bilirubin. However, thin rGO pieces tend to aggregate in the aqueous phase because they are hydrophobic. In this context, we propose an effective strategy based on the chitosan-assisted (CS-assisted) dispersion of rGO to produce high-performance bilirubin-adsorbing microspheres. CS possesses a hydrophobic CH structure, which offers strong hydrophobic interactions with rGO that assist its dispersion, and the large number of hydrophilic sites of CS increases the hydrophilicity of rGO...

Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is the most common agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, leading to intestinal infection through the secretion of two major toxins. Not all strains of this bacterium are toxigenic, but some of them cause infection via their accessory virulence factors, such as surface layer protein (SlpA). SlpA is conserved in both toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of C. difficile. In the present work, an amplification-free electrochemical genosensor was designed for the detection of the slpA gene...

Groundwater contaminated with hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) causes serious health concerns for the ecosystem. In this study, a hybrid amino functionalized MOF@rGO nanocatalyst was produced by utilization of a biowaste mediated carbon material (reduced graphene oxide; rGO) and its surface was modified by in situ synthesis of a nanocrystalline, mixed ligand octahedral MOF containing iron metal and NH2 functional groups and the prepared composite was investigated for Cr (VI) removal. The photocatalytic degradation of Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions was carried out under UV irradiation...

Photocatalysis was an attractive strategy that had potential to tackle the Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) contamination of aquatic ecosystems. Herein, magnetic photocatalyst Fe3 O4 /Bi2 WO6 /Reduced graphene oxide composites (Bi2 WO6 /Fe3 O4 /RGO) were employed to degrade MC-LR. The removal efficiency and kinetic constant of the optimized Bi2 WO6 /Fe3 O4 /RGO (Bi2 WO6 /Fe3 O4 -40%/RGO) was 1.8 and 2.3 times stronger than the pure Bi2 WO6 . The improved activity of Bi2 WO6 /Fe3 O4 -40%/RGO was corresponded to the expanded visible light adsorption ability and reduction of photogenerated carrier recombination efficiency through the integration of Bi2 WO6 and Fe3 O4 -40%/RGO...

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signalling molecule released by vascular endothelial cells that is essential for vascular health. Low NO bioactivity is associated with cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure and NO donors are a mainstay of drug treatment. However, many NO donors are associated with the development of tolerance and adverse effects, so new formulations for controlled and targeted release of NO would be advantageous. Herein, we describe the design and characterisation of a novel NO delivery system via the reaction of acidified sodium nitrite with thiol groups that had been introduced by cysteamine conjugation to porous graphene oxide nanosheets, thereby generating S-nitrosated nanosheets...