keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529322/impact-of-hyperuricemia-and-urate-lowering-agents-on-cardiovascular-diseases
#21
REVIEW
Franklin Sosa, Mohammed Shaban, Jose Lopez, Gustavo J Duarte, Swati Jain, Asma Khizar, Timothy Vittorio, Rishabh Mishra, Miguel Rodriguez Guerra
The association between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular diseases has been studied for many years. Research has shown a link between high uric acid levels and increased risk of including coronary artery disease hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Urate-lowering therapy, particularly with xanthine oxidase inhibitors like allopurinol, has shown promising results in reducing blood pressure in individuals with hyperuricemia and hypertension. Clinical trials and studies have demonstrated significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure with urate-lowering treatment...
2024: Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529035/disease-modifying-therapy-in-progressive-multiple-sclerosis-a-systematic-review-and-network-meta-analysis-of-randomized-controlled-trials
#22
Xin Wu, Shixin Wang, Tao Xue, Xin Tan, Jiaxuan Li, Zhouqing Chen, Zhong Wang
BACKGROUND: Currently, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) are widely used in clinical practice. At the same time, there are a variety of drug options for DMTs, but the effect of the drugs that can better relieve symptoms and improve the prognosis are still inconclusive. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DMTs for PMS and to identify the best among these drugs. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials...
2024: Frontiers in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528825/phase-1-trial-of-the-safety-pharmacokinetics-and-antiviral-activity-of-edp-514-in-untreated-viremic-chronic-hepatitis-b-patients
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Man-Fung Yuen, Wan-Long Chuang, Cheng-Yuan Peng, Wen-Juei Jeng, Wei-Wen Su, Ting-Tsung Chang, Chi-Yi Chen, Yao-Chun Hsu, Guy De La Rosa, Alaa Ahmad, Ed Luo, Annie L Conery
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Oral EDP-514 is a potent core protein inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, which produced a >4-log viral load reduction in HBV-infected chimeric mice with human liver cells. This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and antiviral activity of three doses of EDP-514 in treatment naïve viremic patients with HBeAg-positive or -negative chronic HBV infection. METHODS: Patients with HBsAg detectable at screening and at least 6 months previously were eligible...
March 26, 2024: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528026/pharmacokinetic-and-pharmacodynamic-evaluation-study-of-etomidate-a-randomized-open-label-2-period-crossover-study-in-healthy-chinese-subjects
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying Ding, Nan-Nan Chu, Rui Wang, Wei Qin, Yun-Fei Shi, Zhen-Zhong Qian, Bo Liu, Qing He
Etomidate is a sedative and hypnotic drug through intravenous administration that act on the central nervous system through GABA (Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid) receptors, which is widely used in anesthesia induction and maintenance and long-term sedation in severe patients. The study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of two etomidate fat emulsions after administration through the intravenous infusion pump in healthy Chinese subjects. A randomized, open-label, 2-period crossover study was performed in 52 healthy subjects...
March 25, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527855/exploration-of-a-potential-door-endpoint-for-hospital-acquired-bacterial-pneumonia-and-ventilator-associated-bacterial-pneumonia-using-six-registrational-trials-for-antibacterial-drugs
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tori Kinamon, Ursula Waack, Mark Needles, Daniel Rubin, Deborah Collyar, Sarah B Doernberg, Scott R Evans, Toshimitsu Hamasaki, Thomas L Holland, Jessica Howard-Anderson, Henry Chambers, Vance G Fowler, Sumati Nambiar, Peter Kim, Helen W Boucher, Ramya Gopinath
BACKGROUND: Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) is an innovative approach to clinical trial design and analysis that uses an ordinal ranking system to incorporate the overall risks and benefits of a therapeutic intervention into a single measurement. Here, we derived and evaluated a disease-specific DOOR endpoint for registrational trials for hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP). METHODS: Through comprehensive examination of data from nearly 4,000 participants enrolled in six registrational trials for HABP/VABP submitted to the FDA between 2005-2022, we derived and applied a HABP/VABP specific endpoint...
March 25, 2024: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527849/adjunctive-pascolizumab-in-rifampicin-susceptible-pulmonary-tuberculosis-proof-of-concept-partially-randomised-double-blind-placebo-controlled-dose-escalation-trial
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicholas I Paton, Meera Gurumurthy, Qingshu Lu, Francesca Leek, Philip Kwan, Hiromi W L Koh, James Molton, Lalaine Mortera, Sullian Naval, Zamzurina Abu Bakar, Yong-Kek Pang, Lionel Lum, Tow Keang Lim, Gail B Cross, Ganesh Lekurwale, Hyungwon Choi, Veonice Au, John Connolly, Martin Hibberd, Justin A Green
BACKGROUND: Interleukin-4 (IL-4), increased in tuberculosis infection, may impair bacterial killing. Blocking IL-4 confers benefit in animal models. We evaluated safety and efficacy of pascolizumab (humanised anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody) as adjunctive tuberculosis treatment. METHODS: Participants with rifampicin-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis received a single intravenous infusion of pascolizumab or placebo; and standard 6-month tuberculosis treatment. Pascolizumab dose increased in successive cohorts: [1] non-randomised 0...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527005/ocular-effects-of-mek-inhibitor-therapy-literature-review-clinical-presentation-and-best-practices-for-mitigation
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karen W Jeng-Miller, Miles A Miller, Jeffrey S Heier
MEK signaling pathway targeting has emerged as a valuable addition to the options available for the treatment of advanced cancers including melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Ophthalmologic monitoring of patients taking part in clinical trials of MEK inhibitors has shown that while ocular effects are common, generally emerging during the first days to weeks of treatment, the majority are either asymptomatic or have minimal visual impact and are benign, resolving without intervention or the need to reduce or stop MEK inhibitor therapy...
March 25, 2024: Oncologist
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526550/impact-of-influenza-and-pneumococcal-vaccines-on-hiv-persistence-and-immune-dynamics-during-suppressive-antiretroviral-therapy
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara Gianella, Christy Anderson, Antoine Chaillon, Alan Wells, Magali Porrachia, Gemma Caballero, Milenka Vargas, Joseph Lonergan, Brendon Woodworth, Noah Gaitan, Stephen A Rawlings, Leticia Muttera, Liliana Harkness, Susan J Little, Susanne May, Davey Smith
OBJECTIVE: :We sought to determine if standard influenza and pneumococcal vaccines can be used to stimulate HIV reservoirs during antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN: :Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of two clinically recommended vaccines (influenza and pneumococcal). METHODS: :Persons with HIV on ART (N = 54) were enrolled in the clinical trial. Blood was collected at baseline and days 2,4,7,14 and 30 postimmunizations...
March 25, 2024: AIDS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526047/first-in-human-trial-evaluating-safety-and-pharmacokinetics-of-at-752-a-novel-nucleotide-prodrug-with-pan-serotype-activity-against-dengue-virus
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiao-Jian Zhou, Jason Lickliter, Maureen Montrond, Laura Ishak, Keith Pietropaolo, Dayle James, Bruce Belanger, Arantxa Horga, Janet Hammond
UNLABELLED: AT-752 is a novel guanosine nucleotide prodrug inhibitor of the dengue virus (DENV) polymerase with sub-micromolar, pan-serotype antiviral activity. This phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of ascending single and multiple oral doses of AT-752 in healthy subjects. AT-752 was well tolerated when administered as a single dose up to 1,500 mg or when administered as multiple doses up to 750 mg three times daily (TID)...
March 25, 2024: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525578/cryoballoon-ablation-for-atrial-fibrillation-in-south-africa-one-year-outcome-from-the-cryo-global-registry
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Stanley, K A Van Bragt, V Obidigbo, B Vezi
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with cryoballoon catheter ablation (CBA) is a well-established and widely adopted method for the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) to prevent recurrences of AF. CBA adoption in South Africa (SA) and outcome data in SA patients are limited. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate real-world usage, safety and effectiveness of CBA in SA. METHODS: In this sub-analysis of the Cryo Global Registry, 81 participants with paroxysmal AF (PAF) and persistent AF (PsAF) were enrolled between 2017 and 2021 across two private SA hospitals...
March 18, 2024: South African Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524633/vericiguat-in-patients-with-heart-failure-across-the-spectrum-of-left-ventricular-ejection-fraction-a-patient-level-pooled-meta-analysis-of-vitality-hfpef-and-victoria
#31
REVIEW
Chao Chen, Jin Lv, Changzhao Liu
Vericiguat, the newest soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) drug, is potentially beneficial in treating heart failure (HF). However, most studies have only confirmed the significant impact of sGC in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Therefore, the main objective of this meta-analysis was to comparatively analyze the effects of Vericiguat in the entire LVEF range based on previous studies. According to PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases, randomized controlled studies in the full LVEF stage range were screened, and two extensive clinical studies on Vericiguat, namely VICTORIA (LVEF<45%) and VITALITY-HFpEF (LVEF≥45%) were identified for analysis and systematic evaluation...
2024: Frontiers in Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524091/retrospective-observational-study-to-assess-safety-and-tolerability-of-nebulized-colistin-for-the-treatment-of-patients-with-pneumonia-in-real-world-settings-in-respiratory-icu
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Deepak Talwar, Deepak Prajapat, Surbhi Talwar, Dhruv Talwar
INTRODUCTION: Colistin is used to treat hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. However, direct drug deposition at the site of infection may improve its efficacy and reduce systemic exposure. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and tolerability of nebulized colistin among Indian patients diagnosed with pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli in real-world settings. METHODOLOGY: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients treated with nebulized colistin for pneumonia...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523425/managing-suspected-myasthenia-gravis-and-myositis-induced-by-pembrolizumab-in-a-jehovah-s-witness-sarcoma-patient
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander Hutchinson, Danielle Eskens, Abigail Chan, Anika Bhargava, Ryan Bycroft
INTRODUCTION: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause a spectrum of adverse events known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that resemble autoimmune responses. Immune-mediated myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare and serious neurologic adverse event that has been associated with ICIs requiring prompt treatment. In the Jehovah's Witness population, typical management of these adverse events may not be options, and alternative treatment choices would be needed. CASE REPORT: 73-year-old Jehovah's Witness patient with high-grade undifferentiated pleiomorphic sarcoma who developed immune-mediated MG approximately 4 weeks after initiation of pembrolizumab...
March 24, 2024: Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523060/immunomodulatory-drugs-in-sepsis-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#34
REVIEW
R C Robey, C Logue, C A Caird, J Hansel, T P Hellyer, J Simpson, P Dark, A G Mathioudakis, T Felton
Dysregulation of the host immune response has a central role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. There has been much interest in immunomodulatory drugs as potential therapeutic adjuncts in sepsis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating the safety and clinical effectiveness of immunomodulatory drugs as adjuncts to standard care in the treatment of adults with sepsis. Our primary outcomes were serious adverse events and all-cause mortality. Fifty-six unique, eligible randomised controlled trials were identified, assessing a range of interventions including cytokine inhibitors; anti-inflammatories; immune cell stimulators; platelet pathway inhibitors; and complement inhibitors...
March 24, 2024: Anaesthesia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522936/-is-inhaled-corticosteroid-step-down-recommended-for-adult-asthma-patients-have-been-well-controlled-over-the-long-term-with-moderate-or-high-dose-inhaled-corticosteroids
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naoki Okada, Hiroki Kabata, Yoshihito Tanaka, Tetsuya Homma, Sunao Mikura
We conducted a systematic review to examine whether step-down of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) is recommended for adult patients with asthma have been well controlled with moderate or high-dose inhaled corticosteroids for more than 12 weeks. Seven randomized controlled trials were included. ICS step-down did not increase asthma exacerbations requiring systemic steroid therapy and hospitalization. There was no effect on respiratory function, asthma control, or QOL. No significant differences were observed in serious adverse events or steroid-related adverse events, but the observation period was insufficient to assess long-term effects...
2024: Arerugī, [Allergy]
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522443/effectiveness-of-bubble-continuous-positive-airway-pressure-for-treatment-of-children-aged-1-59-months-with-severe-pneumonia-and-hypoxaemia-in-ethiopia-a-pragmatic-cluster-randomised-controlled-trial
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meseret Gebre, Kassa Haile, Trevor Duke, Md Tanveer Faruk, Mehnaz Kamal, Md Farhad Kabir, Md Fakhar Uddin, Muluye Shimelis, Tigist Beyene, Bethelhem Solomon, Meles Solomon, Abebe Genetu Bayih, Alemseged Abdissa, Taye Tolera Balcha, Rahel Argaw, Asrat Demtse, Abate Yeshidinber Weldetsadik, Abayneh Girma, Bitseat W Haile, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid, Tahmeed Ahmed, John D Clemens, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti
BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) for treatment of childhood severe pneumonia outside tertiary care hospitals is uncertain. We did a cluster-randomised effectiveness trial of locally made bCPAP compared with WHO-recommended low-flow oxygen therapy in children with severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia in general hospitals in Ethiopia. METHODS: This open, cluster-randomised trial was done in 12 general (secondary) hospitals in Ethiopia...
March 21, 2024: Lancet Global Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519352/a-randomized-trial-evaluating-a-novel-hydrogel-packing-system-compared-to-standard-packing-during-image-guided-high-dose-rate-brachytherapy-boost-for-cervical-cancer
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kara D Romano, Gina Petroni, Kristi Ward, Wendy Zheng, Matthew Mistro, Bruce Libby, Christopher McLaughlin, Timothy N Showalter, Einsley M Janowski
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this prospective randomized trial was to compare the use of a novel vaginal hydrogel packing system (BrachyGel) to standard vaginal packing (VP) during high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT) for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). METHODS: This cross-over study included LACC patients receiving HDR BT boost (intracavitary +/- interstitial). All patients received alternating gauze or BrachyGel VP on Arms A and B. Patients, physicians, and physicists evaluated BT characteristics via a 4-point Likert scale...
March 21, 2024: Brachytherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519344/a-randomized-blind-parallel-controlled-phase-i-clinical-trial-to-evaluate-the-safety-and-preliminary-immunogenicity-of-23-valent-pneumococcal-polysaccharide-vaccine-in-healthy-people-aged-2%C3%A2-years-and-older
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuhui Zhang, Yanxia Wang, Guangfu Li, Xue Zhao, Kai Wang, Chunyu Jia, Yongli Yang, Lili Huang, Jiebing Tan, Xiaofen Chen, Wenna Leng, Zhiqiang Xie, Wei Zhang, Juan Zong, Kang Chen, Qin Li, Xiaocan Jia, Dongyang Zhao, Youcai An, Yaodong Zhang
BACKGROUND: Despite some progress in pneumococcal immunization, the global burden of pneumococcal infection remains high, and pneumococcal disease remains a public health concern. Studies in China and abroad have found that 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) vaccination can effectively prevent invasive pneumococcal disease. This phase Ⅰ clinical study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a PPV23 vaccine candidate. METHODS: All subjects were randomly assigned to receive one dose intramuscular injection of experimental vaccine or control vaccine at a ratio of 1:1...
March 21, 2024: Vaccine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519049/study-protocol-for-a-randomised-controlled-trial-of-early-transjugular-intrahepatic-portosystemic-stent-shunt-in-acute-variceal-bleeding-react-avb-trial
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dhiraj Tripathi, David Patch, Homoyon Mehrzad, Dominic Yu, Richard J Aspinall, Matthew J Armstrong, Adrian Stanley, Hamish Ireland, Simon Travis, Peter Hayes, Mandy Lomax, Nicholas Roslund, Emily Lam, Gemma Slinn, Sue Jowett, Catherine Moakes, Alisha Maher, Elizabeth Brettell, Sukhwant Sehmi
INTRODUCTION: In liver cirrhosis, acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is associated with a 1-year mortality rate of up to 40%. Data on early or pre-emptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPSS) in AVB is inconclusive and may not reflect current management strategies. Randomised controlled trial of EArly transjugular intrahepatiC porTosystemic stent-shunt in AVB (REACT-AVB) aims to investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of early TIPSS in patients with cirrhosis and AVB after initial bleeding control...
March 22, 2024: BMJ Open Gastroenterology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518844/comparative-efficacy-and-safety-of-mitral-valve-repair-versus-mitral-valve-replacement-in-improving-clinical-outcomes-in-patients-with-rhematic-heart-disease-a-high-value-care-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#40
REVIEW
Farah Yasmin, Abdul Moeed, Hala Najeeb, Muhammad Umar, Shizra Jawed, Abdul Raafe Atif, Muhammad Sohaib Asghar, M Chadi Alraies
Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) remains a leading cause of cardiovascular death (CVD) globally. Mitral Valve repair (MVP) and mitral valve replacement (MVR) are the two most commonly and successfully used techniques to treat the disease. MVP is associated with reduced post-operative complications compared to MVR; however, it carries the risk of valvular fibrosis and scarring. Given the lack of recommendations, inconsistent findings, and paucity of pathophysiological evidence at present, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis and systematically review the available literature to determine the efficacy and safety of MVP compared to MVR in improving clinical outcomes among patients with RHD...
March 20, 2024: Current Problems in Cardiology
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