Vertical transmition, HPV

Despite identification of important risk factors, aetiology of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) remained enigmatic. Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a cause of cervical and genital tract epithelial cancers, has recently been isolated from NPC tumour tissues, raising the question of whether HPV may play a role in NPC. Accumulating evidence showed that perinatal HPV transmission to newborns can occur through exposures to genital tract secretions, amniotic fluid, or blood during vaginal delivery in mothers with cervical HPV infection, with viral DNA fingerprint showing maternal-foetal concordance...

BACKGROUND: Condyloma acuminata are caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) 6 and 11 and most commonly present in the anogenital region. Most transmission among adults is via sexual transmission, but HPV and resulting anogenital warts in pediatric populations may be a result of perinatal vertical transmission, indirect transmission through contaminated objects or surfaces, autoinoculation, or sexual transmission. CASE: A 9-year-old premenarchal female presented with multiple perianal warts...

Chronic viral infections can infect sperm and are considered a risk factor in male infertility. Recent studies have shown that the presence of HIV, HBV or HCV in semen impairs sperm parameters, DNA integrity, and in particular reduces forward motility. In contrast, very little is known about semen infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV), herpesviruses (HSV), cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and adeno-associated virus (AAV). At present, EU directives for the viral screening of couples undergoing assisted reproduction techniques require only the evaluation of HIV, HBV, and HCV...

Currently, human papillomavirus (HPV) research focuses on HPV infection in adults and sexual transmission. Data on HPV infection in children are slowly becoming available. It is a matter of debate whether mother-to-child transmission of HPV is an important infection route and whether children born to HPV-positive mothers are at a higher risk of HPV infection compared with children born to HPV-negative mothers. The objective of this meta-analysis is to summarize the published literature on the extent to which genital HPV infection is vertically transmitted from mother to child...

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the concordance of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes between the mother and her newborn and to identify risk factors for the vertical transmission of HPV. STUDY DESIGN: HPV genotypes present in 329 pregnant women, their newborns, cord blood, and placenta samples were determined by molecular techniques, including using pure DNA for nested polymerase chain reaction. HPV antibodies were tested using multiplex HPV serology. Kappa statistics and the Wilcoxon test were used to assess concordance, and regression analysis was used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs...

Viral infections in pregnancy are a major cause of morbidity and mortality for both mother and fetus. Viral STIs occur as surface infection and then gradually infect immunologically protected sites. Therefore, these are asymptomatic, hidden and hence underdiagnosed, persistent and difficult to treat. HSV, HPV, HBV, HIV and CMV (cytomegalovirus) are the common ones. Most of these are transmitted during intrapartum period. Proper screening, identification and treatment offered during prenatal period may help in preventing their complications...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has been detected in the oral cavity of infants and breast cancer tissue, suggesting its vertical transmission through maternal milk. We determined whether HPV is detected in maternal milk and is vertically transmitted by breast-feeding. Informed consent was obtained, and maternal milk samples (n=80) were analysed for high-risk HPV DNA. In 43 women, this DNA was measured in the uterine cervix. In women with positive samples, this DNA was measured in the oral cavities of their children...

BACKGROUND: Public awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) as the causal agent of cervical cancer and of the availability of HPV vaccines has increased. As a result, more patients are asking their dentists about oral HPV infection and its prevention by means of vaccination. Parents of pediatric dental patients also may be concerned when their children have HPV-associated oral lesions, because HPV infection still often is considered a purely sexually transmitted disease. In this review, the authors provide the latest information for dental professionals about HPV infection in the oral mucosa and in general...

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is very common in reproductive age women. It has been demonstrated that this infection can be transmitted from mother to infant. Evidence of HPV infection can be seen in infant and toddlers. A review of the literate was undertaken to examine the manner in which HPV can be transmitted, the rate at which transmission occurs, and if HPV can persist. The manifestations of HPV were also reviewed. It is not clear what effect the quadravalent HPV vaccine, given to mothers will have on HPV infections in infants...

Current evidence is strong enough to conclude that human papillomavirus (HPV) can be transmitted both sexually and non-sexually. The debate on HPV infections in children still continues but it is more focused on HPV prevalence than on transmission modes. HPV DNA detection in amniotic fluid, foetal membranes, cord blood and placental trophoblastic cells all suggest HPV infection in utero, i.e. prenatal transmission. Based on recent meta-analysis, vertical transmission occurs in approximately 20% of cases. Most of the mucosal HPV infections in infants are incident, persistent infections in oral and genital mucosa being found in less than 10% and 2% respectively...

Individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers of the anogenital region. A majority of these cancers have been reported in adult patients; few reports are available regarding anogenital HPV-associated carcinomas developing in children. We report a case of perianal Bowen disease in an HIV-positive child. An 8-year-old HIV-positive boy with a history of perianal verrucous lesions presented to a clinic in Lesotho because his caregiver noted his lesions were changing in color, texture, and extent...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sexual behavior and knowledge about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among undergraduate students in Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Self-reported questionnaires were used. RESULTS: Most of the 447 students in the study were single (97.3%), in their first year of university (87.7%), and the mean ages were 20.4 years (males) and 19.8 years (females). Vaginal intercourse was practiced by 69.7% of males and 48...

Few large studies have evaluated concordance based on a broad spectrum of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in oral and genital specimens of mothers and their recently born infants. This information is important in determining whether HPV vaccines administered prior to pregnancy may be useful for preventing vertical transmission. HPV DNA was positive in 30% of mothers and 1.5% of newborns. Maternal/newborn concordance (HPV+/+ or HPV-/-) was 71%. Among HPV DNA+ mothers, only 3% of their infants were DNA+ and only 1 pair had the same HPV type...

More than 120 genotypes have been identified among the Papillomavirus (HPV) family. These viruses are ubiquitary with skin or mucous membrane tropism and cause various pathologies from wart to neoplasia. HPV family is classified according to their tropism. Genital HPV infection is considered as the most frequent sexually transmitted disease in the world. Seventy-five percent of women will be in contact with HPV at least one time in their life. HPV is usually transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact, more often during penetrative genital contact...

The aim of this review is to carry out a quick excursus on the epidemiological and clinical aspect of oral and cervical lesions induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and on the way this virus is transmitted. HPV infection is transmitted above all through vaginal or anal sexual relations with partners carrying the virus. Also other types of sexual relations, such as oral sex, can be a vehicle of transmission, though much more rarely. In literature there is not enough data proving that oral-genital contact can really be a vehicle of transmission for human papillomavirus...

BACKGROUND: Studies on HPV infection in pregnant women and HPV transmission to the child have yielded inconsistent results. METHODS: To estimate mother-to-child HPV transmission we carried out a prospective cohort study that included 66 HPV-positive and 77 HPV-negative pregnant women and their offspring attending a maternity hospital in Barcelona. To estimate HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in pregnancy we also carried out a related screening survey of cervical HPV-DNA detection among 828 pregnant women...

AIM: Human papilloma virus (HPV) can be transmitted via sexual as well as nonsexual routes. Recently, 'high-risk' HPVs were detected in the oral mucosa of children in whose cases there was no suspicion of sexual abuse. This implies that HPV 16 and 18 have additional nonsexual modes of transmission in childhood, such as vertical transmission and autoinoculation. METHODS: Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, we examined the skin tissues of 12 children with benign skin lesions, aged between 6 and 13 years, for the presence of HPV...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) types causing anogenital lesions and cancer are accepted as being sexually transmitted. The methods whereby children acquire these anogenital type HPV infections are unclear. The present study determined the prevalence of anti-HPV-16, HPV-11 and HPV-18 IgG antibodies in mothers and their children in an attempt to identify evidence of HPV transmission from mother to child. HPV virus-like particles (VLP) VLP-16, VLP-11 and VLP-18 were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to identify IgG antibodies in serum from 100 mothers and their 111 children...

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a diverse family of viruses, of which 30-40 genotypes specifically infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are largely transmitted sexually, with most infections being asymptomatic and transient. In contrast, persistent infection with oncogenic genotypes in a minority is a strong risk factor, for subsequent development of high grade dysplasia, the precursor lesion to cervical neoplasia, which generally occurs after a long latency period. It is unknown whether there is a disease correlate in children chronically infected with oncogenic HPVs...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes papillomas (warts) on the skin and respiratory mucosal surfaces (laryngeal and oral papillomas) in addition to condyloma acuminata (anogenital warts). HPV has become one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in adults. Vertical transmission from mother to infant during birth is well recognized. Laryngeal papillomas are the most common tumors of the larynx in children worldwide, and recurrent lesions are common occurrences. Anogenital warts in children are problematic in that child sexual abuse is a potential means of acquisition, but many cases are acquired perinatally...