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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Enrique Riera-Ferrer, Hynek Mazanec, Ivona Mladineo, Peter Konik, M Carla Piazzon, Roman Kuchta, Oswaldo Palenzuela, Itziar Estensoro, Javier Sotillo, Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
BACKGROUND: Helminth extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to have a three-way communication function among parasitic helminths, their host and the host-associated microbiota. They are considered biological containers that may carry virulence factors, being therefore appealing as therapeutic and prophylactic target candidates. This study aims to describe and characterise EVs secreted by Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Polyopisthocotyla: Microcotylidae), a blood-feeding gill parasite of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), causing significant economic losses in Mediterranean aquaculture...
April 3, 2024: Parasites & Vectors
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Agnieszka Gonet-Surówka, Mariola Ciechacka, Mariusz Kępczyński, Patrycja Dynarowicz-Latka
The study carried out systematic research on the influence of selected oxysterols on cells viability, phospholipidosis and the level of secreted extracellular vesicles. Three oxidized cholesterol derivatives, namely 7α-hydroxycholesterol (7α-OH), 7- ketocholesterol (7-K) and 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24(S)-OH) were tested in three different concentrations: 50 μM, 100 μM and 200 μM for 24 h incubation with A549 lung cancer cell line. All the studied oxysterols were found to alter cells viability...
March 21, 2024: Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miguel S Rocha, Catarina F Marques, Ana C Carvalho, Eva Martins, Alexander Ereskovsky, Rui L Reis, Tiago H Silva
Chondrosia reniformis is a collagen-rich marine sponge that is considered a sustainable and viable option for producing an alternative to mammalian-origin collagens. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the properties of collagen isolated from different sponge parts, namely the outer region, or cortex, (ectosome) and the inner region (choanosome), and how it affects the development of biomaterials. In this study, a brief histological analysis focusing on C. reniformis collagen spatial distribution and a comprehensive comparative analysis between collagen isolated from ectosome and choanosome are presented...
January 24, 2024: Marine Drugs
#4
REVIEW
Raj Luxmi, Stephen M King
Cilia are microtubule-based cellular projections that act as motile, sensory, and secretory organelles. These structures receive information from the environment and transmit downstream signals to the cell body. Cilia also release vesicular ectosomes that bud from the ciliary membrane and carry an array of bioactive enzymes and peptide products. Peptidergic signals represent an ancient mode of intercellular communication, and in metazoans are involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and various other physiological processes and responses...
February 6, 2024: Cells
#5
REVIEW
Puja Kumari, Skylar S Wright, Vijay A Rathinam
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound structures released by cells and have become significant players in immune system functioning, primarily by facilitating cell-to-cell communication. Immune cells like neutrophils and dendritic cells release EVs containing bioactive molecules that modulate chemotaxis, activate immune cells, and induce inflammation. EVs also contribute to antigen presentation, lymphocyte activation, and immune tolerance. Moreover, EVs play pivotal roles in antimicrobial host defense...
February 13, 2024: Immunological Investigations
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joshua A Welsh, Deborah C I Goberdhan, Lorraine O'Driscoll, Edit I Buzas, Cherie Blenkiron, Benedetta Bussolati, Houjian Cai, Dolores Di Vizio, Tom A P Driedonks, Uta Erdbrügger, Juan M Falcon-Perez, Qing-Ling Fu, Andrew F Hill, Metka Lenassi, Sai Kiang Lim, Mỹ G Mahoney, Sujata Mohanty, Andreas Möller, Rienk Nieuwland, Takahiro Ochiya, Susmita Sahoo, Ana C Torrecilhas, Lei Zheng, Andries Zijlstra, Sarah Abuelreich, Reem Bagabas, Paolo Bergese, Esther M Bridges, Marco Brucale, Dylan Burger, Randy P Carney, Emanuele Cocucci, Federico Colombo, Rossella Crescitelli, Edveena Hanser, Adrian L Harris, Norman J Haughey, An Hendrix, Alexander R Ivanov, Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman, Nicole A Kruh-Garcia, Vroniqa Ku'ulei-Lyn Faustino, Diego Kyburz, Cecilia Lässer, Kathleen M Lennon, Jan Lötvall, Adam L Maddox, Elena S Martens-Uzunova, Rachel R Mizenko, Lauren A Newman, Andrea Ridolfi, Eva Rohde, Tatu Rojalin, Andrew Rowland, Andras Saftics, Ursula S Sandau, Julie A Saugstad, Faezeh Shekari, Simon Swift, Dmitry Ter-Ovanesyan, Juan P Tosar, Zivile Useckaite, Francesco Valle, Zoltan Varga, Edwin van der Pol, Martijn J C van Herwijnen, Marca H M Wauben, Ann M Wehman, Sarah Williams, Andrea Zendrini, Alan J Zimmerman, Misev Consortium, Clotilde Théry, Kenneth W Witwer
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies...
February 2024: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jana Karbanová, Ilker A Deniz, Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger, Rita Alexandra de Sousa Couto, Christine A Fargeas, Mark F Santos, Aurelio Lorico, Denis Corbeil
BACKGROUND: The incidence of melanoma is increasing worldwide. Since metastatic melanoma is highly aggressive, it is important to decipher all the biological aspects of melanoma cells. In this context, we have previously shown that metastatic FEMX-I melanoma cells release small (< 150 nm) extracellular vesicles (EVs) known as exosomes and ectosomes containing the stem (and cancer stem) cell antigenic marker CD133. EVs play an important role in intercellular communication, which could have a micro-environmental impact on surrounding tissues...
January 19, 2024: Cell Communication and Signaling: CCS
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tengjing Xu, Xinning Yu, Kaiwang Xu, Yunting Lin, Jiajie Wang, Zongyou Pan, Jinghua Fang, Siheng Wang, Zhuxing Zhou, Hongyun Song, Sunan Zhu, Xuesong Dai
BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offer promising prospects for stimulating cartilage regeneration. The different formation mechanisms suggest that exosomes and ectosomes possess different biological functions. However, little attention has been paid to the differential effects of EV subsets on cartilage regeneration. METHODS: Our study compared the effects of the two EVs isolated from adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) on chondrocytes and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) in vitro...
January 17, 2024: Stem Cell Research & Therapy
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dolores Di Vizio, Melanie Schoppet, Ashani Weeraratna, Kenneth W Witwer
Associations between plasma membrane blebbing and metastatic progression have been widely reported. There are also reports of increased extracellular vesicle release from cancer cells. Yet the ties between these closely related phenomena are incompletely understood. In this commentary, we remark on a recent finding on cellular membrane blebs in melanoma signaling. We discuss possible implications for cancer biology and draw parallels to knowns and unknowns in the relationships of extracellular vesicles and cancer progression...
October 2023: J Extracell Biol
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yiyao Huang, Tanina Arab, Ashley E Russell, Emily R Mallick, Rajini Nagaraj, Evan Gizzie, Javier Redding-Ochoa, Juan C Troncoso, Olga Pletnikova, Andrey Turchinovich, David A Routenberg, Kenneth W Witwer
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from different cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) and play roles in regulating physiological and pathological functions. Although brain-derived EVs (bdEVs) have been successfully collected from brain tissue, there is not yet a "bdEV Atlas" of EVs from different brain regions. To address this gap, we separated EVs from eight anatomical brain regions of a single individual and subsequently characterized them by count, size, morphology, and protein and RNA content...
October 2023: Interdiscip Med
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yiyao Huang, Ahmed Abdelgawad, Andrey Turchinovich, Suzanne Queen, Celina Monteiro Abreu, Xianming Zhu, Mona Batish, Lei Zheng, Kenneth W Witwer
INTRODUCTION: Brain tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (bdEVs) act locally in the central nervous system (CNS) and may indicate molecular mechanisms in HIV CNS pathology. Using brain homogenate (BH) and bdEVs from a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model of HIV disease, we identified RNA networks in SIV infection and neuroinflammation. METHODS: Postmortem occipital cortex samples were obtained from uninfected controls and SIV-infected subjects (acute and chronic phases with or without CNS pathology (SIV encephalitis)...
December 11, 2023: Journal of Infectious Diseases
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Blanca V Rodriguez, Yi Wen, Erin N Shirk, Samuel Vazquez, Olesia Gololobova, Amanda Maxwell, Jessica Plunkard, Natalie Castell, Bess Carlson, Suzanne E Queen, Jessica M Izzi, Tom A P Driedonks, Kenneth W Witwer
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be loaded with therapeutic cargo and engineered for retention by specific body sites; therefore, they have great potential for targeted delivery of biomolecules to treat diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of EVs in large animals remain relatively unknown, especially in primates. We recently reported that when cell culture-derived EVs are administered intravenously to Macaca nemestrina (pig-tailed macaques), they differentially associate with specific subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)...
December 2023: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel Wüstner, Alice Dupont Juhl, Jacob Marcus Egebjerg, Stephan Werner, James McNally, Gerd Schneider
Niemann Pick type C1 and C2 (NPC1 and NPC2) are two sterol-binding proteins which, together, orchestrate cholesterol transport through late endosomes and lysosomes (LE/LYSs). NPC2 can facilitate sterol exchange between model membranes severalfold, but how this is connected to its function in cells is poorly understood. Using fluorescent analogs of cholesterol and quantitative fluorescence microscopy, we have recently measured the transport kinetics of sterol between plasma membrane (PM), recycling endosomes (REs) and LE/LYSs in control and NPC2 deficient fibroblasts...
2023: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
#14
REVIEW
Federico Manai, Adrian Smedowski, Kai Kaarniranta, Sergio Comincini, Marialaura Amadio
Nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), consisting of exomers, exosomes and microvesicles/ectosomes, have been extensively investigated in the last 20 years, although their biological role is still something of a mystery. EVs are involved in the transfer of lipids, nucleic acids and proteins from donor to recipient cells or distant organs as well as regulating cell-cell communication and signaling. Thus, EVs are important in intercellular communication and this is not limited to sister cells, but may also mediate the crosstalk between different cell types even over long distances...
November 25, 2023: Journal of Controlled Release
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jenifer Pendiuk Goncalves, Jorvani Cruz Villarreal, Sierra Walker, Xuan Ning Sharon Tan, Chad Borges, Joy Wolfram
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-released vesicles that mediate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive cargo. Protein and RNA sorting into EVs has been extensively assessed, while selective enrichment of glycans in EVs remains less explored. In this study, a mass spectrometry-based approach, glycan node analysis (GNA), was applied to broadly assess the sorting of glycan features into EVs. Two metastatic variants (lung and bone) generated in mouse modes from the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line were assessed, as these EVs are known to contain distinct organotropic biomolecules...
November 21, 2023: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Cell Research
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ilaria Nesi, Chiara Della Bella, Maria Letizia Taddei, Alice Santi, Erica Pranzini, Paolo Paoli, Mario Milco D'Elios, Matteo Ramazzotti, Massimo Genovese, Anna Caselli, Paolo Cirri
In the early stages of carcinogenesis, the transformed cells become "invisible" to the immune system. From this moment on, the evolution of the tumor depends essentially on the genotype of the primitive cancer cells and their subsequent genetic drift. The role of the immune system in blocking tumor progression from the earliest stages is largely underestimated because by the time tumors are clinically detectable, the immune system has already completely failed its task. Therefore, a clinical treatment capable of restoring the natural anti-tumor role of the immune system could prove to be the "ultimate weapon" against cancer...
2023: Frontiers in Oncology
#17
REVIEW
JuDong Yeo
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound organelles that are generally released by eukaryotic cells and enclose various cellular metabolic information, such as RNA, meta-proteins, and versatile metabolites. The physiological properties and diverse functions of food-derived EVs have been extensively elucidated, along with a recent explosive upsurge in EV research. Therefore, a concise review of the health effects of food-derived EVs is necessary. This review summarizes the structural stability and uptake pathways of food-derived EVs to target cells and their health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic effects, gut microbiome modulation, and intestinal barrier enhancement...
October 13, 2023: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Huijie Zhao, Qingchao Li, Jun Zhou
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
September 21, 2023: Science Bulletin
#19
REVIEW
Yoon-Jin Lee, Shinwon Chae, Dongsic Choi
Cancer cells actively release lipid bilayer extracellular vesicles (EVs) that affect their microenvironment, favoring their progression and response to extracellular stress. These EVs contain dynamically regulating molecular cargos (proteins and nucleic acids) selected from their parental cells, representing the active biological functionality for cancer progression. These EVs are heterogeneous according to their size and molecular composition and are usually defined based on their biogenetic mechanisms, such as exosomes and ectosomes...
2023: Frontiers in Oncology
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yiyao Huang, Tom A P Driedonks, Lesley Cheng, Andrey Turchinovich, Olga Pletniková, Javier Redding-Ochoa, Juan C Troncoso, Andrew F Hill, Vasiliki Mahairaki, Lei Zheng, Kenneth W Witwer
BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging contributors to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Differential abundance of ncRNAs carried by EVs may provide valuable insights into underlying disease mechanisms. Brain tissue-derived EVs (bdEVs) are particularly relevant, as they may offer valuable insights about the tissue of origin. However, there is limited research on diverse ncRNA species in bdEVs in AD. OBJECTIVE: This study explored whether the non-coding RNA composition of EVs isolated from post-mortem brain tissue is related to AD pathogenesis...
September 28, 2023: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease: JAD
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