MPO and cardiovascular disease

Neutrophils play a role in cardiovascular (CV) disease. However, relatively scant evidence exists in the setting of peripheral artery disease (PAD). The aims of this study were to measure biomarkers of neutrophil activation in patients with symptomatic chronic PAD compared with healthy controls, to assess their association with PAD severity, and to evaluate their prognostic value in patients with PAD. The following circulating markers of neutrophil degranulation were tested: polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) elastase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and myeloperoxidase (MPO)...

Atherosclerosis is complex chronic disease characterized by intimal cholesterol accumulation and vascular inflammation. There is a well-established relationship of hypercholesterolemia and inflammation with atherosclerosis. However, the link between inflammation and cholesterol is not completely understood. Myeloid cells, in particular, monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils play essential roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It is well known that macrophages accumulate cholesterol, forming foam cells, which drive atherosclerosis-associated inflammation...

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death among people living with HIV (PLH). Non-treated PLH show increased levels of inflammation and biomarkers of vascular activation, and arterial stiffness as a prognostic cardiovascular disease risk factor. We investigated the effect of one year of ART on treatment-naïve HIV(+) individuals on arterial stiffness and inflammatory and vascular cytokines. METHODS: We cross-sectionally compared aortic stiffness via tonometry, inflammatory, and vascular serum cytokines on treatment-naïve (n = 20) and HIV (-) (n = 9) matched by age, sex, metabolic profile, and Framingham score...

BACKGROUND: The inflammatory responses are central components of diseases associated with particulate matter (PM) exposure, including systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this study was to determine if exposure to PM, including respirable dust or quartz in the iron foundry environment mediates systemic inflammatory responses, focusing on the NLRP3 inflammasome and novel or established inflammatory markers of CVDs. METHODS: The exposure to PM, including respirable dust, metals and quartz were determined in 40 foundry workers at two separate occasions per worker...

BACKGROUND: The rupture of atherosclerotic plaque contributes significantly to cardiovascular disease. Plasma concentrations of bilirubin-a byproduct of heme catabolism-inversely associate with risk of cardiovascular disease, although the link between bilirubin and atherosclerosis remains unclear. METHODS: To assess the role of bilirubin in atherosclerotic plaque stability, we crossed Bvra -/- with Apoe -/- mice and used the tandem stenosis model of plaque instability...

Background and objectives: Mechanistic research suggests synergistic effects of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia pathologies on cognitive decline. Interventions targeting proteins relevant to shared mechanisms underlying CVD and dementia could also be used for the prevention of cognitive impairment. Methods: We applied Mendelian randomisation (MR) and colocalization analysis to investigate the causal relationships of 90 CVD-related proteins measured by the Olink CVD I panel with cognitive traits. Genetic instruments for circulatory protein concentrations were obtained using a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the SCALLOP consortium (N = 17,747) based on three sets of criteria: 1) protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL); 2) cis -pQTL (pQTL within ±500 kb from the coding gene); and 3) brain-specific cis -expression QTL ( cis -eQTL) which accounts for coding gene expression based on GTEx8...

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), residing almost exclusively on HDL, was discovered because of its hydrolytic activity towards organophosphates. Subsequently, it was also found to hydrolyse a wide range of substrates, including lactones and lipid hydroperoxides. PON1 is critical for the capacity of HDL to protect LDL and outer cell membranes against harmful oxidative modification, but this activity depends on its location within the hydrophobic lipid domains of HDL. It does not prevent conjugated diene formation, but directs lipid peroxidation products derived from these to become harmless carboxylic acids rather than aldehydes which might adduct to apolipoprotein B...

Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication of cardiac surgery which is associated with longer hospital stay, diminished quality of life, and increased mortality. Yet, the pathophysiology of POAF is poorly understood and it is unclear which patients are at highest risk. Pericardial fluid (PCF) analysis is emerging as an important tool for the early detection of biochemical and molecular changes in the cardiac tissue. With the epicardium acting as a semi-permeable membrane, the composition of PCF reflects the activity of the cardiac interstitium...

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of cardiovascular disease and cerebral infarction, which seriously endanger human health. This study aimed to investigate konjac glucomannan (KGM) defends against high-fat diet-induced AS in rabbits by promoting the PI3K/Akt pathway. KGM administration reduced the degree of AS indicated by reducing the plaques and foam cells, the tunica intima thickness, and the tunica intima/tunica media thickness ratio in the aorta, and enlarging the lumen of the aorta. In addition, KGM administration regulated blood lipids, ameliorated inflammation indicated by reducing the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, CRP, and VCAM-1, and attenuated endothelial injury, simultaneously mitigated oxidative stress indicated by decreasing MPO activity and the concentrations of MDA and increasing the GSH-Px and SOD concentrations...

BACKGROUND: In earlier studies, it has been observed that 8-week treatment with a novel nutraceutical compound (NC) containing low monacolin K dose, polymethoxyflavones, phenolic acids, flavonoids and hydroxytyrosol improves lipid profile and endothelial function and reduces the level of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). We hypothesize that this effect might be, at least in part, explained by positive modulation exerted by the NC on the atheroprotective function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Following significant advancements in cancer therapeutics and survival, the risk of cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity (CTRC) is increasingly recognized. With ongoing efforts to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in cancer patients and survivors, cardiac biomarkers have been studied for both risk stratification and monitoring during and after therapy to detect subclinical disease. This article will review the utility for biomarker use throughout the cancer care continuum...

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), which is a conventional metric of HDL function, has been associated with coronary heart disease risk. However, the CEC assay requires cultured cells and takes several days to perform. We previously established a cell-free assay to evaluate cholesterol uptake capacity (CUC) as a novel measure of HDL functionality and demonstrated its utility in coronary risk stratification. To apply this concept clinically, we developed a rapid and sensitive assay system based on a chemiluminescent magnetic particle immunoassay...

BACKGROUND: Hyperdynamic circulation in portal hypertension (PHT) depends on central neural activation. However, the initiating mechanism that signals PHT to the central neural cardiovascular-regulatory centers remains unclear. We aimed to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress in the gut initiates the signal that activates central cardiovascular nuclei in portal hypertensive rats. METHODS: Two groups of rats were used. One had portal hypertension produced by partial portal vein ligation, while controls underwent sham operation...

The laboratory detection of factors that participate in coagulation mechanisms in patients with coronary heart disease may lead to important findings regarding the contribution of endothelial function to atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity, thrombomodulin (TM), ADAMTS13 activity and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in patients undergoing coronary angiography due to non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), unstable angina (UA) and stable angina pectoris with positive stress testing-induced myocardial ischemia (controls)...

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing peroxidase from phagocytic cells, which plays an important role in the innate immune response. The primary anti-microbial function of MPO is achieved by catalyzing the oxidation of halides by hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). Upon activation of phagocytes, MPO activity is detectable in both phagosomes and extracellularly, where it can remain or transcytose into interstitial compartments. Activated MPO leads to oxidative stress and tissue damage in many inflammatory states, including cardiovascular disease...

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) recently emerged as a newly recognized contributor to venous and arterial thrombosis. These strands of DNA, extruded by activated or dying neutrophils, decorated with various protein mediators, become solid-state reactors that can localize at the critical interface of blood with the intimal surface of diseased arteries alongside propagating and amplifying the regional injury. NETs thus furnish a previously unsuspected link between inflammation, innate immunity, thrombosis, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular diseases...

BACKGROUND: . Histopathological studies have shown inflammation, cardiomyocyte injury and microvascular thrombosis in the ventricular myocardium of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, although atrial dysfunction is common in COVID-19, little is known about histopathological changes in the atria of the heart. We therefore analyzed inflammation, cardiomyocyte injury and microvascular thrombogenicity in the atria of deceased patients with COVID-19. METHODS: ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Obesity-related heart failure is exacerbated by excessive intake of saturated fats such as palmitate (PA). Lycopene (LYC) possesses anti-lipidemic, antioxidant, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study, therefore, evaluated the impact of LYC against PA-invoked cardiotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-six female rats were equally divided into six groups: control; PA (5 mM); PA + LYC (24 mg/kg); PA + LYC (48 mg/kg); LYC (24 mg/kg); and LYC (48 mg/kg)...

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays a key role in human antimicrobial system by oxidizing vital molecules of microorganisms in phagolysosomes through produced hypochlorous acid (HOCl). However, MPO can be released outside the phagocyte and produces reactive intermediates leading to tissue damage. MPO, as a local mediator of tissue damage, has been associated with inflammatory diseases such as renal injury, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the enzyme currently draws attention as a potential therapeutic target...

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and tooth infection are common in primary care, and both significantly reduce quality of life. Our study aimed to examine signs of vascular inflammation associated with loss of tooth vitality before and after a single tooth extraction. METHODS: An observational cohort study was performed with adults who had a non-vital tooth and an indicated desire for tooth extraction. Concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and troponin T were measured in venous blood serum or plasma at baseline and 6-weeks after tooth extraction...