Dust mite AND genome

The airway epithelium maintains tight barrier integrity to prevent penetration of pathogens; thus, impairment of the barrier function is an important and common histological feature in asthmatic patients. Proteolytic allergens from fungi, pollen, and house dust mites can disrupt epithelial barrier integrity, but the mechanism remains unclear. Aspergillus oryzae protease (AP)-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the epithelial inflammatory response. However, as mitochondrial ROS affect various cellular functions, such as metabolism, cell death, cell proliferation, and redox homeostasis through signal transduction, it is difficult to understand the detailed action mechanism of AP by measuring changes in a single gene or protein of a specific signaling pathway...

House dust mites (HDMs) are one of the most important allergy-causing agents of asthma. In central Taiwan, the prevalence of sensitization to Dermatophagoides microceras ( Der m ), a particular mite species of HDMs, is approximately 80% and is related to the IgE crossing reactivity of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ( Der p ) and Dermatophagoides farinae ( Der f ). Integrated OMICs examination was used to identify and characterize the specific group 1 mite-allergic component ( Der m 1 ). De novo draft genomic assembly and comparative genome analysis predicted that the full-length Der m 1 allergen gene is 321 amino acids in silico...

BACKGROUND: Ascaris infections, with a worldwide prevalence above 10%, can cause respiratory pathology. However, long-term effects on lung function in humans are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the associations of Ascaris exposure with lung function, asthma, and DNA methylation. METHODS: Serum Ascaris IgG antibodies were measured in 671 adults aged 18 to 47 years (46% women) from Aarhus, Bergen, and Tartu RHINESSA study centers...

BACKGROUND: House dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent disease with bothersome symptoms. Genetic variants of the Hippo pathway genes play a critical role in the respiratory disease. However, no study has reported associations between variants of the Hippo pathway genes and HDM-induced AR risk. METHODS: Forty-three key genes in the Hippo pathway were selected from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Reactome pathway database, and previous reported studies...

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation with a genetic predisposition. Butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays an important role in regulating T cell activation and immune homeostasis. Here, we aimed to investigate the association of the genetic variants of BTNL2 with childhood asthma and asthma-related traits by utilizing extreme asthma phenotypes and employing a genome-wide association study. Our study included 243 children with well-defined moderate to severe atopic asthma and 134 healthy children with no history of allergic diseases and allergic sensitization...

Accurate house dust mite (HDM) genome and transcriptome data would promote our understanding of HDM allergens. We sought to assemble chromosome-level genome and precise transcriptome profiling of Dermatophagoides farinae and identify novel allergens. In this study, genetic material extracted from HDM bodies and eggs were sequenced. Short-reads from next generation sequencing (NGS) and long-reads from PacBio/Nanopore sequencing were used to construct the D. farinae nuclear genome, transcriptome, and mitochondrial genome...

Environmental exposures have been linked to increased asthma risk, particularly during pregnancy and in early life. Here we use a mouse model of allergic lung disease to examine the effects of pre- and perinatal house dust mite (HDM) allergen exposure on offspring phenotypic and transcriptional outcomes in three generations. We show that maternal HDM exposure (F0) acts synergistically with adult HDM exposure, leading to enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and lung inflammation when compared to mice exposed solely in adulthood...

BACKGROUND: The blood feeding poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, causes substantial economic damage to the egg laying industry worldwide, and is a serious welfare concern for laying hens and poultry house workers. In this study we have investigated the temporal gene expression across the 6 stages/sexes (egg, larvae, protonymph and deutonymph, adult male and adult female) of this neglected parasite in order to understand the temporal expression associated with development, parasitic lifestyle, reproduction and allergen expression...

BACKGROUND: The suboptimal sensitivity and specificity of available diagnostic methods for scabies hampers clinical management, trials of new therapies and epidemiologic studies. Additionally, parasitologic diagnosis by microscopic examination of skin scrapings requires sample collection with a sharp scalpel blade, causing discomfort to patients and difficulty in children. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic assays, combined with non-invasive sampling methods, represent an attractive approach...

Molecular identification of acaroid mites is difficult because of the scarcity of molecular data in GenBank. Here, acaroid mites collected from ground flour dust in Xi'an, China, were preliminarily morphologically classified/grouped. Universal primers were then designed to amplify and screen suitable DNA barcodes for identifying these mites. Sixty mite samples were morphologically classified into six groups. Groups 1-2 were identified to Dermatophagoides farinae and Tyrophagus putrescentiae , while Groups 3-6 were not identified to the species level...

Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 270 loci associated with pulmonary function; however, follow-up studies to determine causal genes at these loci are few. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) are associated with human pulmonary function in GWAS. Using murine models, we investigated the effect of genetic disruption of the Lrp1 gene in smooth muscle cells on pulmonary function in naïve animals and after exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or house dust mite extract (HDME)...

BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that environmental exposure in early life is associated with the development of childhood allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether polymorphisms in previously published genome wide association studies (GWAS) allergic disease loci are associated with childhood house dust mite-induced allergic rhinitis (HDM-AR) and interaction effects of genetic and environmental factors on it. METHODS: 156 cases diagnosed by HDM-AR and 173 controls were enrolled...

Mites are notorious for being vectors transmitting infectious pathogens and source of allergens causing allergic conditions in animals and humans. However, despite their huge impact on public health, the virome of mites remains unknown. Here we characterized the virus diversity and abundance of 14 species of medically important mites based on total RNA sequencing data sets generated in this study as well as those deposited in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database. A total of 47 genetically distinct viruses were identified and classified into 17 virus families or virus super-groups, and the viral sequences accounted for as much as 29...

Allergic asthma is one of the most common allergic diseases; however, the mechanisms underlying its development have yet to be fully elucidated. Although allergic diseases are inheritable, genetic variance alone cannot explain the notable increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases over a short period of time in recent decades. Recently, research focus has been shifting to epigenetic factors, such as non‑coding RNAs. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the etiology of allergic asthma by analyzing aberrantly expressed circRNAs in a murine asthma model...

The two common species of house dust mites (HDMs), Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus, are major sources of allergens in human dwellings worldwide. Many allergens from HDMs have been described, but their extracts vary in immunogens. Mite strains may differ in their microbiomes, which affect mite allergen expression and contents of bacterial endotoxins. Some bacteria, such as the intracellular symbiont Cardinium, can affect both the sex ratio and biochemical pathways of mites, resulting in abundance variations of mite allergens/immunogens...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Precision medicine could help to improve diagnosis and treatment of asthma; however, in the tropics there are special conditions to be considered for applying this strategy. In this review, we analyze recent advances of precision allergology in tropical regions, highlighting its limitations and needs in high-admixed populations living under environments with high exposure to house dust mites and helminth infections. RECENT FINDINGS: Advances have been made regarding the genetic characterization of the great diversity of populations living in the tropics...

Although atopic dermatitis (AD) is known to be a representative skin disorder, it also affects the systemic immune response. In a recent study, myoblasts were shown to be involved in the immune regulation, but the roles of muscle cells in AD are poorly understood. We aimed to identify the relationship between mitochondria and atopy by genome-wide analysis of skeletal muscles in mice. We induced AD-like symptoms using house dust mite (HDM) extract in NC/Nga mice. The transcriptional profiles of the untreated group and HDM-induced AD-like group were analyzed and compared using microarray, differentially expressed gene and functional pathway analyses, and protein interaction network construction...

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies in asthma have repeatedly identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ORM (yeast)-like protein isoform 3 (ORMDL3) gene across different populations. Although the ORM-homologues in yeast are well-known inhibitors of sphingolipid (SL) synthesis, it is still unclear whether and how mammalian ORMDL3 regulates SL metabolism and whether altered SL synthesis would be causally related to asthma risk. OBJECTIVE: To examine the in vivo role of ORMDL3 in SL metabolism and allergic asthma METHODS: Ormdl3-LacZ reporter mice, gene deficient Ormdl3-/- and overexpressing Ormdl3Tg/wt mice were exposed to physiologically relevant aeroallergens such as house dust mite or Alternaria alternata to induce experimental asthma...

BACKGROUND: Phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains 1 (PAG1) is a transmembrane adaptor protein that affects immune receptor signaling in T and B cells. Evidence from genome-wide association studies of asthma suggests that genetic variants that regulate the expression of PAG1 are associated with asthma risk. However, it is not known whether PAG1 expression is causally related to asthma pathophysiology. Here, we investigated the role of PAG1 in a preclinical mouse model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic sensitization and allergic airway inflammation...

BACKGROUND: Although the precise mechanisms underlying the efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) are not clear, some evidence suggests that this may be linked to polymorphisms in HLA-II gene. We aimed to investigate the correlation between HLA-II gene polymorphisms and house dust mite (HDM)-specific immunotherapy efficacy, and evaluate specific polymorphisms as potential biomarkers in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients who would benefit most from AIT. METHODS: Fifty-one Han Chinese patients with AR receiving HDM AIT were recruited...