Laser Veins

BACKGROUND: Macular edema (ME) results from hyperpermeability of retinal vessels, leading to chronic extravasation of plasma components into the retina and hence potentially severe visual acuity loss. Current standard of care consists in using intravitreal injections (IVI), which results in a significant medical and economic burden. During diabetic retinopathy (DR) or retinal vein occlusion (RVO), it has recently been shown that focal vascular anomalies (capillary macro-aneurysms, also termed TelCaps) for telangiectatic capillaries may play a central role in the onset, early recurrence, and/or persistence of ME...

The clinical use of irreversible electroporation in invasive cardiac laboratories, termed pulsed field ablation (PFA), is gaining early enthusiasm among electrophysiologists for the management of both atrial and ventricular arrhythmogenic substrates. Though electroporation is regularly employed in other branches of science and medicine, concerns regarding the acute and permanent vascular effects of PFA remain. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the preclinical and adult clinical data published to date on PFA's effects on pulmonary veins and coronary arteries...

As one of the most common iron-chelating agents, deferoxamine (DFO) rapidly chelates iron in the body. Moreover, it does not compete for the iron characteristic of hemoglobin in the blood cells, which is common in the clinical treatment of iron poisoning. Iron is a trace element necessary to maintain organism normal life activities. Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, whereas iron overload can cause elevated levels of cellular oxidative stress and cell damage. As a consequence, detection of the iron content in tissues and blood is of great significance...

Overly dense microvascular networks are treated by selective reduction of vascular elements. Inappropriate manipulation of microvessels could result in loss of host tissue function or a worsening of the clinical problem. Here, experimental, and computational models were developed to induce blood flow changes via selective artery and vein laser ablation and study the compensatory collateral flow redistribution and vessel diameter remodeling. The microvasculature was imaged non-invasively by bright-field and multi-photon laser microscopy, and optical coherence tomography pre-ablation and up to 30 days post-ablation...

Factor X (FX)-deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder manifesting a bleeding tendency caused by low FX activity levels. We aimed to explore the use of fitusiran (an investigational siRNA that silences antithrombin expression) to increase thrombin generation and the in vivo hemostatic potential under conditions of FX-deficiency. We therefore developed a novel model of inducible FX-deficiency, generating mice expressing <1% FX activity and antigen (f10low-mice). Compared to control f10WT-mice, f10low-mice had 6- and 4-fold prolonged clotting times in Prothrombin Time- and activated Partial Prothrombin Time-assays, respectively (p<0...

OBJECTIVES: Glaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy with a high rate of irreversible visual loss, and its pathogenesis is complex and still unclear. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is well recognized as the sole modifiable risk factor for the development of glaucoma in the majority of cases. This study aims to compare 2 different methods of inducing chronic ocular hypertension by circumlimbal suture or by laser burns in degree and lasting time of the IOP, different status of the retina and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and changes of the microstructure of neurons...

BACKGROUND: Microplastic (MP) pollution has emerged as a significant environmental concern worldwide. While extensive research has focused on their presence in marine organisms and ecosystems, their potential impact on human health, particularly on the circulatory system, remains understudied. This project aimed to identify and quantify the mass concentrations, polymer types, and physical properties of MPs in human thrombi surgically retrieved from both arterial and venous systems at three anatomically distinct sites, namely, cerebral arteries in the brain, coronary arteries in the heart, and deep veins in the lower extremities...

The advent of excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) nearly four decades ago heralded a novel way to treat complex lesions, both coronary and peripheral, which were previously untraversable and thus untreatable. These complex lesions include heavily calcified lesions, ostial lesions, bifurcation lesions, chronic total occlusions, in-stent restenosis (including stent underexpansion), and degenerative saphenous vein grafts. We discuss the technology of ELCA, its indications, applications, and complications, and suggest the "MAXCon ELCA" technique for better outcomes without increased risk...

Varicosis is a chronic progressive disease characterized by varicose veins of the lower extremities. Pain, swelling and heaviness of the legs are typical symptoms. These symptoms are caused by a pathological venous reflux, arising from a weakness of the vein wall and progressive venous insufficiency. The indications for invasive surgery are the symptomatic clinical, etiological, anatomical, pathophysiological (CEAP) stages C2s-C6. Compression therapy and venoactive drugs can be recommended for conservative therapy...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate preclinical data regarding the efficacy and biocompatibility of a bispecific protein, RO-101, with effects on VEGF-A and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) for use in retinal diseases. DESIGN: Experimental study. SUBJECTS: Brown Norway rats and New Zealand White Cross rabbits. METHODS: Preclinical study data of RO-101 in terms of target-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay binding affinity to VEGF-A and Ang-2, vitreous half-life, inhibition of target-receptor interaction, laser choroidal neovascular membrane animal model, human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration, and biocompatibility was obtained...

OBJECTIVES: This review article provides an updated review of a relatively common pathology with various manifestations. Superficial venous diseases (SVD) are a broad spectrum of venous vascular disease that predominantly affects the body's lower extremities. The most serious manifestation of this disease includes varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, stasis dermatitis, venous ulcers, superficial venous thrombosis, reticular veins, and spider telangiectasias. METHODS: The anatomy, pathophysiology, and risk factors of SVD were discussed during this review...

The study aimed to assess the effect and mechanism of safflower injection in preventing retinal vein thrombosis in rabbits. Twenty healthy adult pigmented rabbits were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, receiving safflower injection, or the control group, receiving normal saline. After two weeks of treatment, blood samples were collected to analyze platelet adhesion and aggregation rates. Photodynamic therapy was applied to induce occlusion in the target retinal vein. Fundus photography and fluorescein angiography were recorded using a dynamic microscopic monitoring system, and laser speckle imaging was employed to assess blood flow in the affected vein...

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder affecting low birthweight, preterm neonates. In the preterm eye, the retina is not fully developed and neovascularization may occur at the margin between the developed vascular retina and undeveloped avascular retina. Without timely treatment by laser or intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, this can lead to tractional retinal detachment and blindness. Visualization of the retina in regular examinations by indirect ophthalmoscopy is hence the current standard of care, but the exams are stressful and interpretation of images is subjective...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a new mechanochemical ablation (MOCA) device versus endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for primary great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospectively analyze the demographics, treatment detail and outcomes data of 57 primary GSV reflux patients. Patients were randomly assigned to MOCA or EVLA group with random envelope method. Primary endpoint was 6-month closure rate of GSV. Secondary endpoint including technical success rate, the venous clinical severity score (VCSS), chronic venous insufficiency questionnaire (CIVIQ-20) score and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain...

AIM:  To determine the effect of repeated intravitreal injections of aflibercept on the corneal endothelium in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). METHODS:  In a prospective study conducted between January 2021 and November 2023, a total of 87 treatment-naive eyes with DME and RVO were evaluated. The exclusion criteria were surgery or laser intervention during the follow-up period, contact lens wear, cataract surgery in the last 6 months, dystrophy, or other corneal condition that may cause endothelial damage...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess baseline widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (WF SSOCTA) microvascular metrics as predictors for the number of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections and visual acuity (VA) at 12-months follow-up in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study including 49 RVO eyes from 49 patients who had not received an anti-VEGF injection for at least 3 months prior to imaging...

Beetle hindwings have the unique advantages of lightweight and high strength, which play a key role in flight. In this study, the beetle hindwings were cut along the chordal direction, then the first groove microstructure of different vein cross sections was investigated using the 3D microscope system and the laser scanning confocal microscope. It was found that the position of the first groove relative to the entire chordal cross section of the wing gradually moves backward, which has an effect on the flying aerodynamic behaviors of the beetle...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot is a major complication of diabetes. The bone transverse transport method could be applied in clinics for treatment, which could improve the metabolism of the tissues via lasting distraction forces. However, the process' specific regulating mechanism is still unknown. METHODS: Based on the notion that the healing of bones involves the recruitment of calcium ions, in this study, we established the model of tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) on rats and then used tissue immunologic detection, such as the double fluorescent staining to explore the expression of the calcium channels' calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (Orai1)/stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), which belong to the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) signaling pathways on the tissues around the bone transport area...

OBJECTIVE: Telangiectasias, characterized by dilated venules, are frequently observed in the lower extremities. Sclerotherapy stands out as the predominant treatment for these vascular lesions. The integration of laser therapy with a mild sclerosing agent, serving as an osmotic sclerosant, presents an enhanced cosmetic treatment approach, aiming to optimize outcomes while minimizing potential adverse effects. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of cryo-laser and cryo-sclerotherapy (CLaCS) and compare it with injection sclerotherapy for the treatment of telangiectasia and reticular veins...

OBJECTIVE: Endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA) is a prevalent treatment option in patients with severe venous disease. However, the decision to intervene on patients with less severe disease (CEAP C2 & C3) is less clear and becomes further complicated in patients suffering from obesity, a pathology known to increase venous disease symptom severity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative (SVS-VQI) database to evaluate outcomes following EVTA in obese patients with CEAP C2 and C3 venous insufficiency...