Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary pediatric liver malignancy. The goal of treatment in hepatoblastoma is complete surgical resection. Recently published multinational collaborative studies are better defining risk factors for disease recurrence and guide optimal treatment strategy. RECENT FINDINGS: Successful margin-negative resection of hepatoblastoma is dependent on the location and extent of disease as defined by the PRETEXT classification...

BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays an important role in tumor progression. Predicting survival is remarkably difficult in patients with gastric cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential prognostic significance of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with gastric cancer receiving S-1 plus oxaliplatin or oxaliplatin and capecitabine regimen. METHODS: Ninety-one patients with gastric cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in this study and then underwent operation...

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BACKGROUND: Primary malignant thyroid teratomas are very rare tumors (fewer than 35 previously reported cases in the literature) typically affecting young adult women. While prognosis is poor, there have been some reports of successful treatment regimens. Four cases treated successfully are reported, and a review of the existing literature is provided. PATIENT FINDINGS: Medical records of four patients with histopathologically confirmed malignant thyroid teratomas treated at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between 1994 and 2017 were reviewed...

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of treatments for recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), particularly chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy (CRT), remains unclear in patients who have previously been administered the same drugs during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 117 patients with recurrent thoracic ESCCs who had undergone curative resection were included. Patients were divided into two groups based on presurgical treatment: no presurgical treatment (n = 74), and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 43)...

Almost 55% to 80% of patients with breast cancer have an unfavorable pathological complete response to chemotherapy. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs involved in cancer progression; however, their utility as predictors of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is unclear. Here, we investigated if miR-143 could discriminate between pathological complete response and no-polymerase chain reaction of patients with locally advanced triple negative breast cancer that have received a fluorouracil-cisplatin/paclitaxel-based neoadjuvant treatment...

Aims: To investigate Ki-67 index with regard to its ability to predict achievement of pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer patient. Material and methods: It was a prospective observational study, conducted in Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Center (RGCIRC), New Delhi from February 2014 to March 2016. A total of 134 patients with Stage II/III breast cancer who underwent NACT followed by surgery at our center were enrolled and analyzed...

A case of a 6-year-old boy presenting with epiphora, medial canthal swelling, and lymphadenopathy is reported. Biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The child underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and showed tumor progression after a remarkable initial response. This case highlights the atypical age of presentation of potentially fatal lacrimal sac malignancy. Further, it emphasizes the importance of knowing signs of lacrimal sac malignancy among ophthalmologists treating childhood epiphora where inflammatory etiologies are most common...

BACKGROUND: Patients with rectal cancer who achieve complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation have been managed by organ-preserving strategies and acceptable long-term outcomes. Controversy still exists regarding optimal timing for the assessment of tumor response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the time interval for achieving complete clinical response using strict endoscopic and clinical criteria after a single neoadjuvant chemoradiation regimen...

Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is a new technique for the resection of colonic lesions with limitations for other techniques such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) due to fibrosis, the location of the lesion or invasion depth. In addition, techniques such as ESD require a long learning curve and unfortunately they are not fully implemented in Western countries. EFTR has numerous indications, which are expanding daily. The Full-Thickness Resection Device (FTRD) is a promising tool, although it has many limitations and is associated with some risks...

OBJECTIVES: According to the Renal Tumor Study Group (RTSG) of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP), diagnostic biopsy of renal tumors prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not mandatory unless the presentation is atypical for a Wilms tumor (WT). This study addresses the relevance of this strategy as well as the accuracy and safety of image-guided needle biopsy. METHODS: Clinical, radiological, and pathological data from 317 children (141 males/176 females, mean age: 4 years, range, 0-17...

BACKGROUND: Surgery 5-10 d after stent insertion was recommended by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy for obstructing colonic cancer. For some obstructive patients, this may be not a good choice. Here, we report the successful treatment of obstructing colonic cancer by combining self-expandable stent and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CASE SUMMARY: The patient was a 72-year-old man who was admitted with a chief complaint of abdominal pain for more than 1 mo...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer according to the stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as well as the evaluation of overall and disease-free survival according to TILs. METHODS: A six years (2008-2013) review was done including patients with locally advanced breast cancer that received neoadjuvant therapy and then surgery. An evaluation of the percentage of TILs was done in the pretreatment biopsies and a correlation analysis and survival curves were done...

BACKGROUND: Nodal metastases portend a poor prognosis in patients with localized pancreatic cancer. Neoadjuvant therapy is associated with pathologic nodal downstaging in up to 38% of patients. However, the optimal type of neoadjuvant therapy for achieving nodal downstaging is unclear. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with nonmetastatic, clinically node-positive pancreatic cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapy and surgery identified in the National Cancer Database (2006-2014)...

BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma is the commonest cancer among UAE population and the most common cancer among females. Examination of the 5' promoter regions of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) gene has identified putative estrogen and progesterone receptor-DNA binding domains as direct response elements to estrogen and progesterone that are linked to breast functions or steroid regulation. The study was designed to determine the role of TFF3 in breast cancer chemoresistance with the aim of establishing TFF3 expression as a biomarker for drug resistance...

Glioblastoma is the most common primary central nervous system malignancy and has a poor prognosis. Standard first-line treatment, which includes surgery followed by adjuvant radio-chemotherapy, produces only modest benefits to survival1,2 . Here, to explore the feasibility, safety and immunobiological effects of PD-1 blockade in patients undergoing surgery for glioblastoma, we conducted a single-arm phase II clinical trial (NCT02550249) in which we tested a presurgical dose of nivolumab followed by postsurgical nivolumab until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity in 30 patients (27 salvage surgeries for recurrent cases and 3 cases of primary surgery for newly diagnosed patients)...

Cisplatin has been established as an important agent in the neoadjuvant setting prior to radical cystectomy (RC) surgery for muscle-invasive urothelial cancer (MIUC) as well as in the unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) setting. Unfortunately, many patients in practice are felt to be "cisplatin-ineligible." Thus, it is vital that we develop treatment approaches and novel therapeutics for this population. We evaluate therapeutic alternatives to cisplatin-based treatment. For patients undergoing RC, there is no recommended alternative to neoadjuvant cisplatin-based combination therapy, and upfront RC or clinical trials are preferable...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the morbidity associate with rectosigmoid resection (RSR) in patients with stage IIIC-IV ovarian cancer (OC) undergone primary debulking surgery (PDS) vs. interval debulking surgery (IDS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). METHODS: From the Oxford Advanced OC database, we retrieved all patients who underwent surgery between January 2009 and July 2016 and included all patients who underwent RSR. We compared the rates of overall related and not-related morbidity and bowel diversion in patients undergone RSR during PDS vs...

Aim: Breast cancer (BCA) in women is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity; distant metastases occur in ~40% of cases. Here, as an alternative to ionizing radiation therapy and chemotherapy and their associated side effects, we explored a new combination approach using capecitabine (CPBN) and aminolevulinate-based photodynamic therapy (PDT). We had previously developed a combination PDT approach in which 5-fluorouracil (5FU), a differentiation-promoting agent, increases the levels of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in cancer cells when given as a neoadjuvant prior to aminolevulinic acid (ALA)...

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) does not achieve effective control of distant metastases. Induction chemotherapy is a promising strategy, and bevacizumab (BV) could improve the results of CRT. 5-Fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) plus BV is a treatment option in metastatic colorectal cancer. We evaluate feasibility and efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment comprising induction FOLFOXIRI plus BV followed by CRT with fluoropyrimidines plus BV...