vestibular paroxysmia

BACKGROUND: In humans, vestibular epilepsy (VE) is described as focal seizures with transient signs of vestibular disease. In dogs, 2 cases of vestibular episodes, called vestibular paroxysmia, are reported. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to define the clinical features, phenotypical manifestation, and outcome of suspected VE in dogs. ANIMALS: Ten dogs with recurrent vestibular episodes. METHODS: Retrospective study...

Cystic medial degeneration (Gsell-Erdheim syndrome, cystic medial necrosis) is considered to be a nonspecific histological manifestation of a group of diseases characterized by degenerative changes in the media, affecting primarily the aorta and adjacent branches, which leads to destruction of the vessel wall, followed by its expansion and, possibly, rupture. The authors describe a case of a 65-year-old female patient with a neurovascular conflict of the three cranial nerves with dolichoectatic basilar artery due to cystic medial degeneration...

INTRODUCTION: Vestibular Paroxysmia (VP) refers to short attacks of vertigo, spontaneous or triggered by head movements, and implies the presence of a compressive vascular loop in contact with the cochleovestibular nerve (CVN). Classically, a narrowed internal auditory canal (IAC) corresponds to a diameter of less than 2 mm on CT, usually associated with a hypoplastic CVN on MRI. The aim of this study was to discuss a distinct clinical entity mimicking VP in relation to a "near"-narrowed IAC (NNIAC) and to propose radiological criteria for its diagnosis...

Three forms of peripheral vestibular disorders, each with its typical symptoms and clinical signs, can be differentiated functionally, anatomically and pathophysiologically: 1. inadequate unilateral paroxysmal stimulation or rarely inhibition of the peripheral vestibular system, e. g., BPPV, Menière's disease, vestibular paroxysmia or syndrome of the third mobile windows; 2. acute unilateral vestibulopathy leading to an acute vestibular tone imbalance manifesting as an acute peripheral vestibular syndrome; and 3...

BACKGROUND: Surgical outcomes for functional vestibulocochlear diseases vary, and the influencing factors are not fully understood. The role of rhomboid lip (RL) and choroid plexus (CP) in microvascular decompression (MVD) of the vestibulocochlear nerve has not been studied. This study aims to evaluate the surgical efficacy of MVD for vestibulocochlear diseases, with and without addressing RL and CP, to enhance our understanding of their etiology. METHODS: 15 Patients who underwent MVD for the vestibulocochlear nerve between 2013 and 2022 were retrospectively identified and followed up...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Vestibular paroxysmia (VP) is an uncommon paroxysmal disease, characterized by vertigo, tinnitus, and postural unsteadiness. The main reason of VP is neurovascular cross compression, while few cases of VP accompanied with congenital vascular malformation were reported. Here, we describe a 22-year-old patient with VP caused by congenital anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) malformation who completely recovered after taking oral medicine. This report shows that VP caused by congenital vascular malformation can occur in adults and that oral medication is effective...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: The cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is uncertain in a significant number of patients. A vascular etiology has been proposed because SSNHL increases the risk of developing a stroke. Cardiovascular risk factors can cause cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). The presence of CSVD in turn raises the risk of stroke. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the presence of CSVD and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly patients with idiopathic SSNHL (iSSNHL) to a control cohort...

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to investigate the clinical features of patients with direction-changing spontaneous nystagmus (DCSN) and gain insight into its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Medical records and vestibular function test results collected in our dizziness clinic between February 2013 and February 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Spontaneous nystagmus was recorded while sitting upright using videonystagmography for 2 min to confirm the spontaneous changes in nystagmus direction...

Objective: To study the long-term treatment outcome of vestibular paroxysmia (VP). Study design: Retrospective study. Setting: Tertiary referral hospital. Methods: We analyzed records of 29 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with VP and who were treated with VP-specific anticonvulsants for at least 3 months. Patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months. We recorded and assessed starting and target dosage of medications, time to achieve adequate therapeutic response, adverse effects, and the rates of short-term and long-term remission without medication...

BACKGROUND: There are many causes of episodes of vertigo and very few causes of episodes of changes in taste, and the combination of the two is very rare. Here, we describe a patient with recurrent short episodes of vertigo in combination with simultaneous episodes of recurrent paroxysmal dysgeusia and altered feeling on the left side of face. The symptoms were caused by compression of the vestibulocochlear nerve and the facial nerve due to dolichoectasia of the basilar artery. METHODS: The patient was diagnosed in our routine clinical practice and underwent a complete neurological and neuro-otological examination, including video head impulse test, caloric irrigation, ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, acoustic-evoked potentials, neuro-orthoptic examination, cranial MRI, and MR angiography...

Combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences that permit the determination of vestibular nerve angulation (NA = change of nerve caliber or direction), structural nerve integrity via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and exclusion of endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) via delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the inner ear (iMRI) could increase the diagnostic accuracy in patients with vestibular paroxysmia (VP). Thirty-six participants were examined, 18 with VP (52.6 ± 18.1 years) and 18 age-matched with normal vestibulocochlear testing (NP 50...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dizziness and vertigo are common symptoms after COVID-19-vaccination. We aimed to prospectively evaluate objective central or peripheral vestibular function in patients with dizziness, vertigo, and postural symptoms that started or worsened after COVID-19-vaccination. METHODS: Of 4137 patients who presented between January 2021 and April 2022 at the German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, we identified 72 patients (mean age = 47 years) with enduring vestibular symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination...

Neurovascular compression syndrome is caused by vessels touching a cranial nerve, resulting in clinical manifestations of abnormal sensory or motor symptoms. The most common manifestations are trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. However, neurovascular compression of the vestibular nerve or glossopharyngeal nerve are rare. In this article, we describe four typical cases of neurovascular compression syndrome. In addition, we analyze the main features of the etiology, neuroimaging, and treatment of this disease...

Vestibular paroxysmia (VP) is a disorder encountered in the pediatric population that etiology has been attributed to neurovascular cross-compression syndrome (NVCC). The purpose of this study was to report a new probable pathological condition, the narrowed internal auditory canal (IAC), which appears to be involved in the development of a clinical picture of VP in the pediatric population. A retrospective descriptive comparative study was conducted to compare clinical, electrophysiological, radiological, and therapeutic outcomes in both etiologies...

Background: The association between paroxysmal vertigo and right-to-left shunt (RLS) is rarely reported. This study investigates the prevalence and correlation of RLS in patients with different paroxysmal vertigo diseases. Methods: Patients with paroxysmal vertigo from seven hospitals in China were included in this observational study between 2017 and 2021. Migraine patients within the same period were included for comparison. Demographic data and medical history were collected; contrast transthoracic echocardiography was performed; and the clinical features, Dizziness Handicap Inventory, and incidence of RLS in each group were recorded...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vertigo and dizziness are common complaints in emergency departments and primary care, and pose major diagnostic challenges due to their various underlying etiologies. Most supportive diagnostic algorithms concentrate on either identifying cerebrovascular events (CVEs) or diagnosing specific vestibular disorders or are restricted to specific patient subgroups. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a comprehenisve algorithm for identifying patients with CVE and classifying the most common vestibular disorders...

Background: Head-shaking nystagmus (HSN) occurs in both peripheral and central vestibular disorders. In most cases, HSN can be attributed to an asymmetric peripheral vestibular input or a structural lesion mostly in the cerebellum affecting the central velocity storage mechanism. An isolated HSN is very rare. Case Presentation: We report on a young female patient with the clinical picture of recurrent episodes of vertigo, which were induced by fast head movements and were accompanied by a severe right-beating HSN with a long time constant of 60 s...