"Hypokalaemia" OR "Hypokalemia" AND "Treatment"

Flucloxacillin-induced hypokalaemia can be progressive and life-threatening, despite of potassium supplementation. In this case description, a high dose of intravenous flucloxacillin was started after a 68-year-old patient presented with an infected knee replacement. After two days, hypokalaemia was noted with an inadequate response to potassium supplementation. It was decided to change antibiotics and increase potassium supplementation, with good results. It is advisable to include monitoring of potassium levels in local treatment protocols when flucloxacillin is prescribed...

Ogilvie's syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterised by massive dilation of the colon without a mechanical obstruction. It typically affects older adults and those with underlying medical conditions, such as neurological or cardiovascular diseases, and may result in severe complications such as perforation or sepsis. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and radiological studies, and treatment involves a combination of conservative measures, such as bowel rest and pharmacological agents, and interventional procedures, such as endoscopic decompression or surgery...

Hypothyroidism, a commonly encountered thyroid disorder, usually manifests with readily recognizable typical features. However, an unusual presentation of a classic thyroid disorder may hinder accurate diagnosis in certain instances. One such rare initial presentation of hypothyroidism is recurrent hypokalemic paralysis, and existing reports in the literature are sparse. It has been more commonly reported in thyrotoxicosis. W report the case details and clinical outcomes of two middle-aged individuals (a 34-year-old male and a 37-year-old female) with recurrent episodes of hypokalemic paralysis...

UNLABELLED: A 28-year-old female patient was hospitalized for mild-moderate hypokalaemia which was persistent despite discontinuation of beta-2 agonist bronchodilator treatment. Her past medical history was relevant for two episodes of severe hypokalaemia after active inhaled beta-2 agonist treatment for asthma crisis. Investigations revealed increased potassium in spot urine with a transtubular potassium gradient <4. A 24-hour urine analysis showed hypophosphaturia, hypocalciuria, hypomagnesuria and normal urine prostaglandins in favour of Gitelman syndrome...

Small cell lung carcinoma, when associated with co-occurrence of complications such as paraneoplastic syndrome and superior vena cava syndrome, poses a greater management challenge to the clinical team. We report a 56-year-old man who was eventually diagnosed with stage III small cell lung carcinoma, presenting with respiratory distress, facial and upper body oedema, proximal muscle weakness, hypokalaemia, new-onset hypertension and hyperglycaemia. His medical management was complicated by associated superior vena cava syndrome and Cushing's syndrome leading to refractory hypokalemia, immunosuppression and depression...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Despite widespread recommendations and use of intravenous corticosteroids (IVCS) for the treatment of acute flares of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, limited evidence exists comparing outcomes of the two most common regimens, intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) and intravenous hydrocortisone (IVHC). IVHC has stronger mineralocorticoid effects compared with IVMP and may cause higher rates of hypokalemia. We aimed to determine differences in clinical outcomes including requirement for inpatient rescue therapy, bowel resection, and rates of hypokalemia...

Introduction: VIPoma is a neuroendocrine tumor that secrets vasoactive intestinal peptide and produces a well-defined clinical syndrome characterized by watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, hypochlorhydria and metabolic acidosis. The aim of this study to investigate clinical studies about diagnostic and therapeutic modalities of vipoma patients. In this retrospective study, all patients of vipoma were investigated. Clinical features, laboratory data at initial presentation, management and outcomes were collected...

RATIONALE: Prominent J waves can be seen in life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias such as Brugada syndrome, early repolarization syndrome, and ventricular fibrillation. We herein present an unusual case report of hypokalemia-induced J wave syndrome and ST (a part of ECG) segment elevation. PATIENTS CONCERNS: A 52-year-old woman with chief complaints of chest pain for 2 hours and diarrhea showed a marked hypokalemia (2.8 mmol/L) and slightly elevated creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) (57...

We present the case of a 58-year-old woman who developed hypokalaemia and metabolic alkalosis 2 weeks after therapy with colistimethate sodium for the treatment of chronic lower limb ulcer infection by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The metabolic changes observed resembled Bartter syndrome, a group of congenital disorders affecting the distal segments of the renal tubules. The metabolic abnormalities reversed spontaneously 6 days after drug discontinuation. Acquired forms of Bartter syndrome have been reported during courses of antibiotic therapy; however, to our knowledge, this is the first documented case associated with colistimethate therapy in an adult...

Hydrochlorothiazide became one of the most commonly prescribed first-line antihypertensive medication, though its use is often complicated with serious side-effects. A 66-year-old female patient with a history of hypertension had suffered a transient loss of consciousness, and referred to our cardiology unit with an ST-segment elevation and giant negative T-waves in V1-2 ECG leads, long QT-segment and elevated serum creatine-kinase (5392 U/L) and troponin I (4,357 ng/ml) levels. Acute myocardial infarction was not proven (later coronarography revealed preserved coronary circulation), but severe hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia was detected, explaining a possible symptomatic seizure, and which could be accounted for a 25 mg daily hydrochlorothiazide antihypertensive treatment and - as a precipitating insult - a one-week history of gastroenteritis...

This paper details the case of a 26-year-old woman with depletion syndrome and the effectiveness of her treatment with indomethacin. Villous adenomas are benign neoplasms with a high incidence of becoming malignant. A small percentage of villous adenomas are known to cause depletion syndrome, also referred to as the McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome, a condition characterised by secretory diarrhoea, dehydration, hyponatremia, hypokalaemia, hypochloraemia, metabolic acidosis and acute renal failure. Prostaglandin-E2 mediates the hypersecretion mechanism observed in depletion syndrome, and can be inhibited by cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors...

Hypokalaemia is a common clinical problem. It can lead to severe disturbances in cardiac, neurological and muscle function. We present the case of a 45-year-old woman who was transported to our hospital with cardiac arrest following ventricular fibrillation. Blood sampling revealed severe acidosis (pH 7.02) and extreme hypokalaemia (0.9 mmol/l). The low serum potassium level was most likely caused by the combination of a very deficient diet and use of a thiazide diuretic. She never reported any symptoms. An acute intracellular shift of potassium due to epinephrine and perhaps also the cathecholamines in Red Bull may have further decreased the serum potassium concentration...

BACKGROUND: Good neurological outcome after cardiac arrest is difficult to achieve. Interventions during the resuscitation phase and treatment within the first hours after the event are critical. Experimental evidence suggests that therapeutic hypothermia is beneficial, and several clinical studies on this topic have been published. This review was originally published in 2009; updated versions were published in 2012 and 2016. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the influence of therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest on neurological outcome, survival and adverse events...

Hypokalaemia is prevalent in 20% of hospitalised patients. Furthermore, inadequate management of hypokalemia was identified in 24% of these patients. Associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality, the identification, investigation, and treatment of hypokalaemia was identified as an area for improvement in the management of medical inpatients. The project aims to measure the assessment, management, and therapeutic monitoring of medical inpatients with hypokalaemia in a district general hospital...

A 52-year old man developed hyperkalaemia on the 11th postoperative day following an extensive open retroperitoneal liposarcoma resection that included splenectomy. Despite thorough investigations, no aetiology for the hyperkalaemia was identified and standard empirical treatment was ineffective. On reconsideration, in view of the patient's concurrent thrombocytosis, a pseudofactual or artefactual hyperkalaemia was suspected. This was confirmed by contemporaneous testing of serum and plasma potassium levels, with the latter value lying within the normal range...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In 2012, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) was approved for use in children over 2 years of age at a dose of 8 mg/kg/day, and is the WHO recommended first-line therapy for children over 10 years of age or 35 kg in weight, at 300 mg daily. Whilst postmarketing experience of paediatric TDF is limited, prior off-licence use has occurred at our centre due to its tolerability, efficacy and resistance profiles. In this article we describe a single-centre experience of TDF nephrotoxicity in children aged <16 years...

INTRODUCTION: Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that continues to have a devastating impact on the lives of both adolescents and adults worldwide. We present a case of persistent chronic hypokalaemia in a patient with anorexia nervosa. CASE PRESENTATION: A 26-year-old Caucasian woman was admitted to our eating disorders unit under Section 2 of Mental Health Act (1983) with a body mass index of 13.5 kg/m2. On admission, biochemical tests highlighted moderate hypokalaemia (3...

BACKGROUND: Hypokalaemia is frequently encountered in the daily clinical practices of a paediatric cardiac intensive care unit (PCICU). It is a strong independent predictor of mortality in patients with heart failure. Thus, prompt potassium replacement therapy holds pivotal importance in therapy for hypokalaemia. Although intravenous potassium replacement (IVPR) in hypokalaemia is the preferred route in most intensive care settings, it is associated with known safety risks and can lead to arrhythmias, cardiac arrest and death if inappropriately administered...

Gitelman's syndrome is a renal tubule disease of recessive autosomal inheritance in which the fundamental alteration is found in the distal tubule, specifically at the level of the Na/Cl cotransporter, is sensitive to thiazides, and coded in chromosome 16q. It is characterised by a metabolic alkalosis with normal blood pressure, hypokalaemia, as well as hypomagnesaemia and hypocalciuria, which separate it from Bartter's syndrome. Its diagnosis can be delayed up to the adult age, as patients may remain asymptomatic for long periods of time...

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