adjuncts regional

Introduction The cysts of the maxillofacial region account for one of the most common pathologies of the head and neck region after the mucosal pathologies. Radiography provides an essential clue in early diagnosis and triaging, but it continues further as it is used to evaluate the post-treatment outcome. However, manual analysis is prone to errors. In this scenario, fractal analysis (FA) in radiographs uses mathematical methods to analyse the changes in grey scales in a given radiographic image. FA in odontogenic cysts is used to characterise their complexity, uncover hidden patterns, monitor treatment response, and potentially provide prognostic information...

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by burning sensations in the oral region without corresponding abnormalities and is often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations. Herein, we present cases of BMS in which the remaining uncomfortable sensations improved with perospirone augmentation with clonazepam. Case 1: A 61-year-old man complained of a burning pain in his tongue, a sensation of dryness and discomfort as if his tongue was sticking to a palatal plate. With the diagnosis of BMS, psychopharmacotherapy was initiated with amitriptyline...

INTRODUCTION: Amid a lack of effective chronic pain treatments, psychedelics have gained attention as a potential solution, although their Schedule 1 classification poses challenges. Psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, have gained popularity as alternatives and adjuncts for chronic pain treatment. Studies suggest that they may modulate pain processing through agonism primarily at the serotonin receptor, 5-HT2A . One of the first of its nature, we present an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered scoping review primarily focusing on evaluating psychedelics for chronic pain conditions such as cluster headache, phantom limb pain, and fibromyalgia...

Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents are defined by the AACR as traditional chemotherapy and have long been a mainstay of cancer treatment. Many of these drugs have been developed through screening natural substances. The efficacy of these drugs for non-small cell lung cancer was demonstrated by a 1995 meta-analysis, which showed an extension of survival time with cisplatin. Although numerous drugs have been developed, combinations such as carboplatin with paclitaxel and cisplatin with gemcitabine have been standard treatments...

Direct anterior approach to the cervicothoracic spine (C7-T4) for surgery can be challenging via a standard anterior cervical incision as a result of the important neurovascular structures crowding the cervicothoracic junction. Where indicated, median sternotomy provides improved access to this region of the spine for interventions. From the paucity of published literature in West Africa, this adjunct appears to be quite unpopular among spine surgeons in our sub-region. We report the presentation, preoperative evaluation, operative technique and outcome of treatment of a 66-year-old man with multiple myeloma affecting T1 with the same vertebral body collapse, who had full median sternotomy, anterior T1 decompression with C7-T2 Spinal fixation...

INTRODUCTION: Dark under-eye circles or periorbital hyperpigmentation constitute a prevalent and challenging cosmetic problem with diverse etiologies and types. While modifying exacerbating habits can provide partial relief for the pigmentary and vascular factors associated with this condition, and despite the abundance of available treatment options, there is currently a lack of gold-standard evidence-based treatments proposed for curing this disorder. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of carboxytherapy in treating periorbital hyperpigmentation...

Autochthonous dairy lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates encompass a natural source of starter, adjunct, or probiotic candidates. In this context, traditionally manufactured, using exclusively animal rennet, Feta-type cheeses were collected from five farms located in different regions of Kefalonia island (Greece). The primary objective of this study was to isolate and characterize novel LAB, thereby exploring the unmapped microbial communities of Kefalonian Feta-type cheese and identifying new potential probiotics...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Postcraniotomy headache (PCH) is a common adverse event and can lead to various complications and decreased quality of life. RECENT FINDINGS: To reduce postcraniotomy pain and associated complications, a multimodal pain therapy including analgesics, analgesic adjuncts, and regional anesthesia is essential. The use of opioids should be minimized to facilitate prompt postoperative neurosurgical assessment. Here, we provide an update on the latest evidence regarding the role of scalp nerve blocks in the pain management of patients undergoing craniotomy procedure...

BACKGROUND: Poor venous outflow (VO) profiles are associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO), despite achieving successful reperfusion. The objective of this study is to assess the association between mortality and prolonged venous transit (PVT), a novel visual qualitative VO marker on CT perfusion (CTP) time to maximum (Tmax) maps. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from consecutive adult patients with AIS-LVO with successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b/2c/3)...

This case report highlights the intricate anatomy of root canals and the challenges they pose for clinicians. A 26-year-old female patient presented to the department with a chief complaint of pain in her left upper back tooth region. After thorough clinical and radiographical examinations, the diagnosis of pulpal necrosis with symptomatic apical periodontitis in the maxillary left first molar was confirmed. An intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography was performed. The axial imaging unveiled that there were, two distal (DB1 and DB2) canals, two palatal (P1 and P2) canals, and three mesiobuccal (MB1, MB2, and MB3) canals...

AIM: Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is associated with a high mortality rate which, is especially significant in rural and provincial regions. In Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori experience higher rates of AAA and worse overall medium-term survival following AAA repair. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of incidental AAA on routine abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans over 12 months. METHOD: A retrospective review of all abdominal CT scans performed on patients ≥50 years at Gisborne Hospital between 1 December 2018-1 December 2019 was performed...

AIM: Femoral fractures are one of the most debilitating injuries presenting to the emergency departments (EDs). The pain caused by these fractures is typically managed with opioids and adjunctive regional analgesia. These approaches are often associated with adverse side effects. Thus, appropriate alternative methods should be thoroughly investigated. To evaluate ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block (FNB) with ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) in femoral fractures, to determine which provides better analgesia and less opioid requirement...

PURPOSE: Traditional multimodal analgesic strategies have several contraindications in cardiac surgery patients, forcing clinicians to use alternative options. Superficial parasternal intercostal plane blocks, anesthetizing the anterior cutaneous branches of the thoracic intercostal nerves, are being explored as a straightforward method to treat pain after sternotomy. We sought to evaluate the literature on the effects of superficial parasternal blocks on pain control after cardiac surgery...

Stiripentol (Diacomit® ) (STP) is an orally active antiseizure medication (ASM) indicated as adjunctive therapy, for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome (DS), a severe form of childhood epilepsy, in conjunction with clobazam and, in some regions valproic acid. Since the discovery of STP, several mechanisms of action (MoA) have been described that may explain its specific effect on seizures associated with DS. STP is mainly considered as a potentiator of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission: (i) via uptake blockade, (ii) inhibition of degradation, but also (iii) as a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors, especially those containing α3 and δ subunits...

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the most effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Hepatic insufficiency within a week of OLT, termed early allograft dysfunction (EAD), occurs in 20% to 25% of deceased donor OLT recipients and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Primary nonfunction (PNF), the most severe form of EAD, leads to death or retransplantation within 7 days. The etiology of EAD is multifactorial, including donor, recipient, and surgery-related factors, and largely driven by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)...

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that the severity of foot poikilothermy can be used for better differentiation of grades of acute limb ischemia. Thus, the study aim was evaluation of the value of non-contact foot thermometry, performed using a low-cost infrared medical thermometer, as an adjunct for clinical diagnosis of immediately threatened acute limb ischemia. METHODS: It was a single-center observational prospective study performed over 3 years. Patients with acute limb ischemia of lower limbs grade I-IIB Rutherford treated with urgent revascularization were included...

STUDY QUESTION: Does platelet-rich plasma (PRP) intraovarian injection increase the number of retrieved oocytes in successive ovarian punctions among patients with poor ovarian reserve (POR)? SUMMARY ANSWER: The injection of PRP increases the number of retrieved oocytes without increasing the quality of developed blastocysts. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Management of women with reduced ovarian response to stimulation is one of the significant challenges in reproductive medicine...

Functionalizing foods involve discovering and integrating new candidate health-promoting bacteria into the food matrix. This study aimed (i) to reveal the probiotic potential of autochthonous Lacticaseibacillus paracasei AD22 by a series of in vitro tests and molecular characterization and (ii) to evaluate its application to the matrix of brined white cheese, which is the most common cheese in Türkiye, in terms of survival and stress response. To evaluate in vitro probiotic characteristics, L. paracasei AD22 was exposed to functional, technological, and safety tests...

The increasing use and misuse of gabapentin pose a major risk to public health and traffic safety. Gabapentin has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1993 for adjunctive therapy in the treatment of epilepsy and neuralgia but is increasingly being prescribed for numerous off-label uses including insomnia, anxiety, depression, and migraine. Reported side effects include blurred vision, drowsiness, and loss of coordination. Driving behaviors such as exiting the lane of travel and crashes have been reported in connection to drugged driving investigations concerning gabapentin...

The dried, mature fruit of the palm tree species Areca catechu L. is known as the areca nut (AN) or betel nut. It is widely cultivated in the tropical regions. In many nations, AN is utilized for traditional herbal treatments or social activities. AN has historically been used to address various health issues, such as diarrhea, arthritis, dyspepsia, malaria, and so on. In this review, we have conducted a comprehensive summary of the biological effects and biomedical applications of AN and its extracts. Initially, we provided an overview of the constituents in AN extract...