Pancreas

OBJECT: We aimed to evaluate the elevation of amylase and lipase enzymes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and their relationship with the severity of COVID-19. METHOD: In this study, 1378 patients with COVID-19 infection were included. Relation of elevated amylase and lipase levels and comorbidities with the severity of COVID-19 was analyzed. The effects of hemodynamic parameters and organ failure on pancreatic enzymes and their relations with prognosis were statistically analyzed...

BACKGROUND: To resolve drawbacks of navigator triggering (NT) three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), several approaches were proposed to obtain 3D MRCP within a single breath-hold (BH). However, reduced field-of-view technique in the phase-encoding direction combined with two-dimensional spatially selective radiofrequency excitation pulses has not yet been applied to 3D BH MRCP. PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and the complementary value of 3D BH zoomed MRCP to conventional 3D NT MRCP in patients with branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) of the pancreas...

Gene expression alterations occurring with aging have been described for a multitude of species, organs, and cell types. However, most of the underlying studies rely on static comparisons of mean gene expression levels between age groups and do not account for the dynamics of gene expression throughout the lifespan. These studies also tend to disregard the pairwise relationships between gene expression profiles, which may underlie commonly altered pathways and regulatory mechanisms with age. To overcome these limitations, we have combined segmented regression analysis with weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to identify high-confidence signatures of aging in the brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas of C57BL/6 mice in a publicly available RNA-Seq dataset (GSE132040)...

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare malignancy with morphological and immunophenotypic features of histocytes. We present a case of histiocytic sarcoma with multisystem involvement, including an obstructing pancreatic head mass. F18-FDG PET/CT is a valuable tool in staging and assessment of response to therapy in this rare entity. Knowing the diverse metastatic pattern of HS will help avoid imaging pitfalls for the diagnosis after pathologic diagnosis is made.

OBJECTIVE: The aggressive basal-like molecular subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harbours a ΔNp63 (p40) gene expression signature reminiscent of a basal cell type. Distinct from other epithelia with basal tumours, ΔNp63+ basal cells reportedly do not exist in the normal pancreas. DESIGN: We evaluated ΔNp63 expression in human pancreas, chronic pancreatitis (CP) and PDAC. We further studied in depth the non-cancerous tissue and developed a three-dimensional (3D) imaging protocol (FLIP-IT, Fluorescence Light sheet microscopic Imaging of Paraffin-embedded or Intact Tissue) to study formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples at single cell resolution...

PURPOSE: We present a new approach to determine the optimal arc split for VMAT beams which is an extension of our recently published algorithm for selecting optimal beam angles in Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) MATERIAL AND METHODS: The proposed approach uses an objective function based scoring method called "ψ - score" to determine optimal arc splitting strategy. To validate our approach, we applied it in different clinical cases: Abdomen-Para aortic node, Lung, Pancreas and Prostate...

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of individual and combined treatment of sinapic acid (SA) and ellagic acid (EA) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Rats were divided into eight groups (n = 7): Normal Control, Diabetic Control, Diabetic + Sinapic Acid, Diabetic + Ellagic Acid, Diabetic + Sinapic Acid + Ellagic Acid, Sinapic Acid, Ellagic Acid and Sinapic Acid + Ellagic Acid. Diabetic groups were injected with a single dose of 50 mg/kg STZ intraperitoneally. Rats received 20 mg/kg/day SA and 50 mg/kg/day EA intragastrically for 28 days...

AIMS: Tsukushi, a newly identified hepatokine, has been recently characterized as a potent modifier in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis, but the role of Tsukushi in diabetes remains almost unknown. We detected for the first time the increased serum Tsukushi levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, exploring the relationship between Tsukushi and various metabolic parameters. METHODS: A total of 172 participants were recruited, including 86 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 86 subjects with normal glucose tolerance according to oral glucose tolerance test...

TRPM4 is a Ca2+ -activated nonselective cation channel that mediates membrane depolarization. Although, a current with the hallmarks of a TRPM4-mediated current has been previously reported in pancreatic acinar cells (PAC), the role of TRPM4 in the regulation of acinar cell function has not yet been explored. In the present study, we identify this TRPM4 current and describe its role in context of Ca2+ signaling of PACs using pharmacological tools and TRPM4-deficient mice. We found a significant Ca2+ -activated cation current in PACs that was sensitive to the TRPM4 inhibitors 9-phenanthrol and CBA (4-Chloro-2-[[2-(2-chlorophenoxy)acetyl]amino]benzoic acid)...

This paper develops a model for coordinate regulation of feeding, metabolism, and growth based on studies in fish. Many factors involved with the control of feeding [e.g., cholecystokinin (CCK) and ghrelin (GRLN)], energy metabolism [e.g., insulin (INS), glucagon (GLU), glucagon-like peptide (GLP), and somatostatins (SS), produced in the endocrine pancreas; and leptin (LEP) produced broadly], and growth [e.g., GRLN, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), GH receptors (GHR), IGF receptors (IGFR)] interact at various levels...

Ectopic pancreas within the anterior mediastinum is a rare congenital anomaly. We present a case of a solid anterior mediastinal mass that presented with hemoptysis and ground glass parenchymal changes in the right upper lobe. Robotic surgical resection was completed, and final pathology was consistent with benign pancreatic tissue. The patient fully recovered with no recurrence of hemoptysis. Ectopic pancreas, although uncommon, should be included in the differential for solid and cystic anterior mediastinal masses, and surgical resection is often curative and effectively manages symptoms...

Several studies have found associations between higher pancreatic fat content and adverse health outcomes, such as diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, but investigations into the genetic contributions to pancreatic fat are limited. This genome-wide association study, comprised of 804 participants with MRI-assessed pancreatic fat measurements, was conducted in the ethnically diverse Multiethnic Cohort-Adiposity Phenotype Study (MEC-APS). Two genetic variants reaching genome-wide significance, rs73449607 on chromosome 13q21...

The development of pancreatic cancer requires recruitment and activation of different macrophage populations. However, little is known about how macrophages are attracted to the pancreas after injury or an oncogenic event, and how they crosstalk with lesion cells or other cells of the lesion microenvironment. Here, we delineate the importance of CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling during the early phase of murine pancreatic cancer. We show that CXCL10 is produced by pancreatic precancerous lesion cells in response to IFNγ signaling, and that inflammatory macrophages are recipients for this chemokine...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Numerical simulations, also referred to as in silico trials, are nowadays the first step toward approval of new artificial pancreas (AP) systems. One suitable tool to run such simulations is the UVA/Padova Type 1 Diabetes Metabolic Simulator (T1DMS). It was used by Toffanin et al. to provide data about safety and efficacy of AndroidAPS, one of the most wide-spread do-it-yourself AP systems. However, the setup suffered from slow simulation speed. The objective of this work is to speed up simulation by implementing the algorithm directly in MATLAB® /Simulink® ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this narrative review is to present the data to date on the volume-outcome association in pancreas cancer surgery and describe the prevalence of and barriers to regionalized pancreas cancer care in western health systems. BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated an association between increasing hospital or surgeon volume and improved patient morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgery for pancreas cancer. However, since the initial promotion of minimum volume standards, regionalization has remained difficult to establish...

We report the case of an 18-year-old male with a medical history of microvillous inclusion disease (MID) and notable surgical history of small bowel, liver, and pancreas transplant who presented with massive jejunal and cecal varices. Endoscopy findings demonstrated a large grape-like cluster, with subsequent CT angiography (CTA) showing other variceal lesions in the cecum. The patient was transferred to the original transplant center for recommended open surgical evaluation and combined interventional radiology (IR) embolization of varices...

A 77-year-old woman with epigastralgia was referred to our hospital. Abdominal computed tomography showed a hypointense mass in the pancreatic tail. Abdominal and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) showed a hypo-echoic mass, 25 × 25 mm in size, with pancreatic duct dilatation. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was performed to the mass through gastric posterior wall. Pathological examination showed atypical cells growing papillary or tubular fashion, leading to the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. Under the preoperative diagnosis of T2N0M0 pancreatic cancer, the patient underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy...

Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC) - a rare pathological pancreatic cancer (PC) type - has a poor prognosis due to high malignancy. To examine the heterogeneity of PASC, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiling with sample tissues from a healthy donor pancreas, an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and a patient with PASC. Of 9,887 individual cells, ten cell subpopulations were identified, including myeloid, immune, ductal, fibroblast, acinar, stellate, endothelial, and cancer cells...

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a vital tool to distinguish tumor metastases from primary lesions in addition to morphologic analysis. In this study, a 64-year-old female with a past surgical history of lung adenocarcinoma 11 years ago was presented with recurrence of liver nodular lesions after multiple surgical procedures, including the Whipple procedure for pancreatic head adenocarcinoma and cytoreductive surgery for liver metastasis. Liver biopsy and review of the previous specimens, based on IHC analyses, suggested heterochronous metastases of lung adenocarcinoma to the digestive systems in a long-time span, instead of primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma...