Pancreas

Cystic dystrophy in heterotopic pancreas, or paraduodenal pancreatitis, is a rare and complicated presentation involving heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the duodenal wall. This condition is present in 5% of the general population but disease mainly affects middle-aged alcoholic-smoking men with chronic pancreatitis (CP). It may be purely duodenal or segmental (pancreatico-duodenopathy). Its pathophysiology arises from alcohol toxicity with obstruction of small ducts of heterotopic pancreatic tissue present in the duodenal wall and the pancreatic-duodenal sulcus, leading to repeated episodes of pancreatitis...

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is initiated by excessive lipid peroxidation that results in plasma membrane damage and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns. In recent years, ferroptosis has gained significant attention in cancer research due to its unique mechanism compared to other forms of regulated cell death, especially caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer encompasses malignancies that arise in the digestive tract, including the stomach, intestines, pancreas, colon, liver, rectum, anus, and biliary system...

The exocrine pancreas secretes fluid and digestive enzymes in response to parasympathetic release of acetylcholine (ACh) via the vagus nerve and the gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK). Both secretion of fluid and exocytosis of secretory granules containing enzymes and zymogens are dependent on an increase in the cytosolic [Ca2+ ] in acinar cells. It is thought that the specific spatiotemporal characteristics of the Ca2+ signals are fundamental for appropriate secretion and that these properties are disrupted in disease states in the pancreas...

Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas that is becoming an increasingly common clinical issue. The most frequent underlying etiologies include gallstones and chronic alcohol use, which account for more than two-thirds of cases. We recently experienced a rare case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) presenting with recurrent acute pancreatitis, which we later discovered was caused by diffusely infiltrating extramedullary sarcoma in the pancreas. Comprehensive analysis of previous cases of AML presenting as acute pancreatitis suggested involvement of cytogenetic alterations in chromosome 16 in its pathogenesis...

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic gastrectomy is more frequently associated with postoperative pancreatic fistula than is open gastrectomy. We assumed that compression of the pancreas with various devices to obtain a proper operative view is associated with the higher incidence of PF in LG and that the extent of the compression differs depending on the anatomical position of the pancreas. The present study aimed to elucidate the correlation between the anatomical position of the pancreas and PF after LG for gastric cancer...

PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on reported cancer cases in Bavaria, Germany, by comparing pre-pandemic (March 2019 to February 2020) and pandemic period (March 2020 to February 2021). METHODS: Data on incident cases were retrieved from the Bavarian Cancer Registry (until 22nd April 2022). We included patients with malignant and in situ neoplasms reported by pathology departments with consistent reporting. We calculated the number of incident cases during the COVID-19 pandemic and the pre-pandemic period with 95% confidence intervals (CI) with Bonferroni correction (α = 0...

Early cancer detection has significant clinical value, but there remains no single method that can comprehensively identify multiple types of early-stage cancer. Here, we report the diagnostic accuracy of simultaneous detection of 6 types of early-stage cancers (lung, breast, colon, liver, pancreas, and stomach) by analyzing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy profiles of exosomes using artificial intelligence in a retrospective study design. It includes classification models that recognize signal patterns of plasma exosomes to identify both their presence and tissues of origin...

Research on obesity- and diabetes mellitus (DM)-related carcinogenesis has expanded exponentially since these two diseases were recognized as important risk factors for cancers. The growing interest in this area is prominently actuated by the increasing obesity and DM prevalence, which is partially responsible for the slight but constant increase in pancreatic cancer (PC) occurrence. PC is a highly lethal malignancy characterized by its insidious symptoms, delayed diagnosis, and devastating prognosis. The intricate process of obesity and DM promoting pancreatic carcinogenesis involves their local impact on the pancreas and concurrent whole-body systemic changes that are suitable for cancer initiation...

BACKGROUND: The time a patient spends on the waiting list for a Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney (SPK) transplant depends on several donor and recipient-specific factors. The average wait-list time for SPK in the United States has been about 1 to 3 years, significantly shorter than the average wait time for kidney-only transplantation. A single-center retrospective analysis of SPK waitlisted candidates was performed to determine the implication of wait-list time on dropout from the wait-list due to death or poor health...

BACKGROUND: /objectives: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory disorder that can occur in all age groups. The risk of AP has been shown to increase with age. However, no study has compared risk factors for AP according to age group yet. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform such comparison. METHODS: Clinical data from individuals 20 years of age and older who received a health examination arranged by the Korean national health insurance program in 2009 (n = 4,238,822) were used...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Thymoma is the most common type of tumor that develops in the thymic epithelial cells. Although thymomas can invade surrounding organs in the chest cavity, extrathoracic metastasis is very rare, and little is known about the prognosis and effective treatments for such tumors. Herein, we report a case of an invasive thymoma metastasizing to the pancreas after incomplete resection. CASE PRESENTATION: A 47-year-old man presented to our hospital with an anterior mediastinal mass...

With overall five-year survival rate less than 10%, pancreatic cancer (PC) represents the most lethal one in all human cancers. Given that the incidence of PC is still increasing and current cancer treatment strategies are often inefficacious, its therapy is still a huge challenge. Here, we first revealed ovarian serous carcinoma is mostly anti-correlated with pancreatic cancer in gene expression signatures. Based on this observation, we proposed that ovarian cancer cells could defend PC. To confirm this strategy, we first showed that ovarian cancer cell SKOV3 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell SW1990 when they were co-cultured...

RATIONALE: Recently, the incidence of polyoncosis has been increasing due to advancements in treatment, such as antitumor therapy, which led to a prolonged survival. However, few patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) develop second tumors, which render a poor prognosis. We report a rare case of PDAC, which is metachronous with a fatal malignant lymphoma (ML). PATIENT CONCERNS: A 68-year-old woman who had been monitored due to liver cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis C virus infection presented with a 10-mm pancreatic head cancer with lung metastasis and had started an anticancer therapy with gemcitabine...

miRNAs are critical for pancreas development and function. However, we found that there are discrepancies regarding pancreatic miRNA abundance in published datasets. To obtain a more relevant profile that is closer to the true profile, we profiled small RNAs from human islets cells, acini, and four rodent pancreatic cell lines routinely used in diabetes and pancreatic research using a bias reduction protocol for small RNA sequencing. In contrast to the previous notion that miR-375-3p is the most abundant pancreatic miRNA, we found that miR-148a-3p and miR-7-5p were also abundant in islets...

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between hepatic steatosis (HS), pancreatic steatosis (PS), and coexisting HS and PS and the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia total severity score (TSS) and prognosis, assessed through computed tomography (CT), and to evaluate the degree of effectiveness of the three steatosis conditions on TSS and prognosis. METHODS: This retrospective study involved 461 patients (255 male and 206 female, median age of 53 years) with COVID-19 who underwent unenhanced chest CT...

The following is a technical report of the successful cryoablation of pancreatic metastasis originating from follicular thyroid carcinoma. The patient was a 72-year-old female who underwent total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation for follicular carcinoma. One year after surgery, a positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) examination, performed to demonstrate the source of the increased thyroglobulin, showed a fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid mass located in the body of the pancreas. A percutaneous tru-cut biopsy was performed that revealed follicular thyroid carcinoma metastasis to the pancreas...

BACKGROUND: Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is one of the key bioactive components of the precious Traditional Chinese Medicine that has been used to treat diabetes in China. Ginsenosides have been reported to protect diabetics from tissue damage, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that occurred frequently among adolescents over the world, its development was related to inflammation and β -cells immunodeficiency. The aim of this study is to explore the biological mechanism of Rg1 on inflammation and autophagy of β -cells in T1D and its therapeutic potential...

UNLABELLED: To evaluate the correlation between gastric cross-sectional area (GCSA) and the occurrence of gastric intolerance in critically ill patients within 24 hours of the measurement. DESIGN: Two-center prospective observational study. SETTING: Two academic ICUs in France between June 2020 and August 2021. PATIENTS: All surgical intubated ICU patients greater than or equal to 18 years old receiving enteral feeding for greater than 12 hours...

Alterations of protein glycosylation can serve as sensitive and specific disease biomarkers. Labeling procedures for improved separation and detectability of oligosaccharides have several drawbacks, including incomplete derivatization, side-products, noticeable desialylation/defucosylation, sample loss, and interference with downstream analyses. Here, we develop a label-free workflow based on high sensitivity capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CZE-MS) for profiling of native underivatized released N-glycans...

Insulin is an endocrine hormone produced by the beta cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It regulates blood sugar levels and various anabolic activities such as glycogenesis and lipid synthesis. Despite the fact that insulin therapy has been around for 100 years, insulin formulations are continually being improved to lower the risk of hypoglycaemia and other adverse effects, including weight gain. The development of insulin pens has significantly reduced the consequences of hypoglycaemia instead of vials and syringes...