Pancreas

Pancreatic panniculitis (PP) is a rare clinical variant of subcutaneous fat necrosis, developing in patients with a variety of pancreatic diseases such as acute or chronic pancreatitis, tumors and cysts. The tumor-associated PP represents a noteworthy skin manifestation of underlying internal malignancies, also known as dermadrome. Among causative pancreatic tumors, acinar cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignancy; however, little is known about how the origin of tumor cells and progression stage of pancreatic tumors potentially contribute to the establishment of panniculitis...

INTRODUCTION: CRS/HIPEC is thought to confer a survival advantage for patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM). However, the impact of nonperitoneal organ resection is not clearly defined. We evaluated the impact of major organ resection (MOR) on postoperative outcomes and overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The US HIPEC collaborative database (2000-2017) was reviewed for MPM patients who underwent CRS/HIPEC. MOR was defined as total or partial resection of diaphragm, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small bowel, colon, rectum, kidney, ureter, bladder, and/or uterus...

Background: En bloc resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) with adjacent organs such as pancreatic head and duodenum is challenging for surgeons. This mono-institutional study aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcome of performing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) during RPS resection. Methods: The clinical data of RPS patients who underwent PD at the Sarcoma Center of Peking University Cancer Hospital from January 2011 to December 2019 was collected and analyzed...

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable clinical presentations. Splanchnic venous thrombosis is a well-known vascular complication of AP and commonly present as thrombosis of the splanchnic venous system: splenic vein (SplV), portal vein (PV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV), either separately or in combinations. Involvement of extra-splanchnic vessels is rare and associated with morbidity and mortality. Vascular complications are late phenomena and usually associated with local complications of AP, namely acute fluid collections, necrotizing pancreatitis and walled-off pancreatic necrosis...

OBJECTIVE: Duranta repens is reported to contain a wide array of secondary metabolites, including α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors, and - has potent antioxidant activity. The present study evaluated the network pharmacology of D. repens (whole plant) with targets related to diabetes mellitus and assessed its outcome by evaluating the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of D. repens in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. METHODS: Phytoconstituents of D...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the ion channel Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR). Long considered a lung disease for the devastating impact on the respiratory function, the recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances have shed the light on the extra-pulmonary manifestations of CF, including gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic symptoms. We have previously demonstrated that thymosin alpha1 (Tα1), a naturally occurring immunomodulatory peptide, displays multi-sided beneficial effects in CF that concur in ameliorating the lung inflammatory pathology...

BACKGROUND: End-of-life (EOL) chemotherapy administration rates for solid tumours are 12-20% and is associated with a reduced quality of life, increased hospitalisation, and incidence of death within an acute care facility. We sought to determine the rate of EOL chemotherapy in government and private hospitals and determine the impact on hospitalisations and location of death in lung and pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS: Data was obtained from the Queensland Oncology Repository between 2005-2014...

PURPOSE: To generate virtual 4DCT from 4DMRI with field of view (FOV) extended to the entire involved patient anatomy, in order to evaluate its use in carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) of the abdominal site in a clinical scenario. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The virtual 4DCT was generated by deforming a reference CT in order to (1) match the anatomy depicted in the 4DMRI within its FOV, by calculating deformation fields with deformable image registration to describe inter-fractional and breathing motion, and (2) obtain physically plausible deformation outside of the 4DMRI FOV, by propagating and modulating the previously obtained deformation fields...

Zinc(II)-dipicolylamine (Zn-DPA) has been shown to specifically identify and bind to phosphatidylserine (PS), which exists in bulk in the tumor microenvironment. BPRDP056, a Zn-DPA-SN38 conjugate was designed to provide PS-targeted drug delivery of a cytotoxic SN38 to the tumor microenvironment, thereby allowing a lower dosage of SN38 that induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Micro-Western assay showed that BPRDP056 exhibited apoptotic signal levels similar to those of CPT-11 in the treated tumors growing in mice...

OBJECTIVE: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) has been reported to have therapeutic effects on diabetes and various diseases. Precise detection of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) can be useful to diagnose and elucidate the mechanism of such diseases. Here we aimed to develop an imaging probe based on GLP-1RA that has high molar activity and sensitivity for detection of low-level GLP-1R expression in non-pancreatic diseases. METHODS: We selected the agonist exenatide (Ex4) as the parent peptide of a GLP-1R targeting probe and prepared Cys-Ex4 by addition of an N-terminal Cys residue and labeling with the prosthetic agent N-(3-[125 I]iodophenyl)maleimide ([125 I]IPM) to generate [125 I]Ex4ipm...

Magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas is increasingly used as an important diagnostic modality for characterisation of pancreatic lesions. Pancreatic MRI protocols are mostly qualitative due to time constraints and motion sensitivity. MR Fingerprinting is an innovative acquisition technique that provides qualitative data and quantitative parameter maps from a single free-breathing acquisition with the potential to reduce exam times. This work investigates the feasibility of MRF parameter mapping for pancreatic imaging in the presence of free-breathing exam...

Preproinsulin (PPI) is presumably a crucial islet autoantigen found in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) but is also recognized by CD8+ T cells from healthy individuals. We quantified PPI-specific CD8+ T cells within different areas of the human pancreas from nondiabetic controls, autoantibody-positive donors, and donors with T1D to investigate their role in diabetes development. This spatial cellular quantitation revealed unusually high frequencies of autoreactive CD8+ T cells supporting the hypothesis that PPI is indeed a key autoantigen...

BACKGROUND: One of the most common co-morbidities, that often leads to death, associated with acute pancreatitis (AP) is represented by acute lung injury (ALI). While many aspects of AP-induced lung inflammation have been investigated, the involvement of specific pathways, such as those centered on nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3), has not been fully elucidated. METHODS: To investigate the effect of cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L...

Macronutrients represent risk factors for hyperlipidemia or diabetes. Lipid alterations and type 2 diabetes mellitus are global health problems. Overexpression of sterol regulatory element-binding factor ( Srebf2 ) in transgenic animals is linked to elevated cholesterol levels and diabetes development. We investigated the impact of increased Srebf2 locus expression and the effects of control and high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diets on body weight, glucose and lipid metabolisms in transgenic mice ( S-mice ). Wild type ( WT ) and S-mice were fed with both diets for 16 weeks...

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disorder of the heart predominantly caused by infectious agents. Since more than sixty years, the Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis mouse model is the experimental model used to investigate viral myocarditis. The pathogenesis of viral myocarditis is conceptually a multiphase process, initiated by the infection of cardiomyocytes, followed by activation of the immune system, and resulting in myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular dysfunction. In parallel to the direct infection of the heart, CVB3 replicates in lymphatic organs such as the pancreas...

OBJECTIVE: Prostate involvement by IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rarely described organ manifestation and knowledge regarding its frequency and clinical features is limited. METHODS: From a single-center cohort, 168 male patients were examined who satisfied the 2019 ACR/EULAR classification criteria or 2012 consensus histopathologic criteria for IgG4-RD. RESULTS: Prostate involvement were identified in 25 (15%) of these cases. The majority of patients with IgG4-RD involving the prostate gland (80%) were symptomatic at presentation with incomplete voiding (64%), urinary frequency (52%), and urinary hesitancy (48%) being the most common complaints...

A pancreaticopleural fistula (PPF) is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis that occurs either due to a pancreatic duct disruption or a pseudocyst extension. A pancreatic divisum, on the other hand, is a common anatomic variant of the pancreas that is rarely symptomatic. We describe a case of recurrent pleural effusion in a patient with a history of chronic pancreatitis. Investigations revealed the presence of a PPF and a concomitant complete pancreatic divisum. There was resolution of the pleural effusion on endoscopic therapy...

Pancreatic lymphoepithelial cysts (LECs) are rare cystic lesions filled with a keratinous substance and lined by squamous epithelium with underlying lymphoid tissue. Because pancreatic LECs are entirely benign, correct preoperative diagnosis is important to avoid unnecessary surgery. However, the imaging features of pancreatic LECs are not specific and preoperative diagnosis has proven difficult. A pancreatic mass was incidentally detected through abdominal ultrasonography in a 63-year-old male presenting without any symptoms...

Background: Sarcopenia has been identified as a predictive variable for surgical outcomes. We hypothesized that sarcopenia could be a key measure to identify frail patients and potentially predict poorer outcomes among recipients of simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplants. Methods: We estimated sarcopenia by measuring psoas muscle mass index (PMI). PMI was assessed on perioperative computed tomography (CT) scans of SPK recipients. Results: Of the 141 patients identified between 2010 and 2018, 107 had a CT scan available and were included in the study...

Recurrent angiomyolipomas are rare, particularly in the pancreas of patients with tuberous sclerosis (TSC). We report a 59-year-old woman with TSC who underwent bilateral nephrectomy for malignant, hemorrhagic angiomyolipomas with subsequent renal transplant. Almost 10 years after initial discovery of renal angiomyolipoma, the patient was found to have a pancreatic tail angiomyolipoma on endoscopic ultrasound performed for the evaluation of abnormal liver enzymes. The mass was not visualized on previous imaging...