Kidney

BACKGROUND: BK virus infection can lead to graft dysfunction and loss in kidney transplant recipients. Risk factors for BKV and BKVN have been inadequately studied in children. Here, we evaluate the incidence and risk factors of allograft loss due to BKVN in the pediatric population of the UNOS data set. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of the UNOS database and identified all pediatric recipients of kidney transplantation between 2000 and 2018...

PURPOSE: According to the guidelines of International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) and National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS), Wilms tumor with preoperative rupture should be classified as at least stage III. Few clinical reports can be found about preoperative Wilms tumor rupture. The purpose of this study was to investigate our experience on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of preoperative Wilms tumor rupture. METHODS: Patients with Wilms tumor who underwent treatment according to the NWTS or SIOP protocol from January 2008 to September 2017 in Beijing Children's Hospital were reviewed retrospectively...

PURPOSE: We tried to investigate the role of Schwann and satellite cells in the treatment of neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction; following spinal cord injury in the rabbit model. METHODS: Twelve male New Zealand rabbits underwent induction of neurogenic bladder by spinal cord injury. Rabbits underwent the fiber tractography analysis to confirm the induction of spinal cord injury. Then, animals were randomly divided into two groups. In group I (n = 4), Schwann cells were obtained from autologous peroneal nerve...

PURPOSE: This article reviews imaging manifestations of complicated pyelonephritis associated with chronic renal stones disease, in particular xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) and emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN), as potential mimics of other renal diseases and malignances and provides helpful tips and differentiating features that may alert the radiologist to suspect a diagnosis of infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the records from 6 adult patients (5 females and 1 male, mean age 72,3 years) with diagnosis of XGP associated with chronic nephrolithiasis and 7 adult patients (6 females and 1 male, mean age 59,3 years) with diagnosis of EPN associated with chronic nephrolithiasis from January 2010 to January 2020 was carried out...

Onco-nephrology has been a growing field within the adult nephrology scope of practice. Even though pediatric nephrologists have been increasingly involved in the care of children with different forms of malignancy, there has not been an emphasis on developing special expertise in this area. The fast pace of discovery in this field, including the development of new therapy protocols with their own kidney side effects and the introduction of the CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, has introduced new challenges for general pediatric nephrologists because of the unique effects of these treatments on the kidney...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease is increased in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), even higher in stage 5 CKD/kidney failure and especially high after kidney transplantation due to immunosuppression. TB disease may follow recent primary infection, or result from reactivation of latent infection. Reactivation is more common in adults, while progression following primary infection makes up a greater proportion of disease in children. Recommendations for preventing TB disease in some low TB incidence countries have previously included offering Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine to all children listed for kidney transplant if they had not received this as part of previous national immunisation programmes...

We investigated associations of quantitative levels of N-glycans with haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), renal function and renal function decline in type 1 diabetes. We measured 46 total N-glycan peaks (GPs) on 1565 serum samples from the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Type 1 Bioresource Study (SDRNT1BIO) and a pool of healthy donors. Quantitation of absolute abundance of each GP used 2AB-labelled mannose-3 as standard. We studied cross-sectional associations of GPs and derived measures with HbA1c, albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and prospective associations with incident albuminuria and final eGFR...

Mineral and bone disorder (MBD) is widely prevalent in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with significant morbidity. CKD may cause disturbances in bone remodelling/modelling, which are more pronounced in the growing skeleton, manifesting as short stature, bone pain and deformities, fractures, slipped epiphyses and ectopic calcifications. Although assessment of bone health is a key element in the clinical care of children with CKD, it remains a major challenge for physicians. On the one hand, bone biopsy with histomorphometry is the gold standard for assessing bone health, but it is expensive, invasive and requires expertise in the interpretation of bone histology...

This review describes cyclooxygenase (COX), which synthesizes prostanoids that play an important role in living things. The authors conducted a national and international literature review on the subject. The COX enzyme uses arachidonic acid to form prostanoids, which play a role in several physiological and pathological conditions. This enzyme has different isoforms, mainly COX-1 and COX-2. The constitutive isoform is COX-1, while COX-2 is the inducible isoform. Both are expressed in different tissues and at different levels, but they may also coexist within the same tissue...

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) native geographic range is the area from Iran to North part of India, but it is presently planted also in other regions of the world. Fenugreek has been used as a notable multipurpose medicinal and traditional herb in Iranian, Indian, and Chinese for several centuries. The most important composition of fenugreek seeds are protein, neural detergent fiber, gum, lipids, moisture, ash and starch. Fenugreek seeds and leaves are anticholesterolemic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, carminative, demulcent, deobstruent, emollient, expectorant, galactogogue, febrifuge, laxative, hypoglycaemic, restorative, parasiticide and uterine tonic and useful in burning sensation...

Flavonoids, the main class of polyphenols, are characterized by the presence of 2-phenyl-benzo-pyrane nucleus. They are found in rich quantities in citrus fruits. Citrus flavonoids are classified into flavanones, flavones, flavonols, polymethoxyflavones and anthocyanins (found only in blood oranges). Flavanones are the most abundant flavonoids in citrus fruits. In many situations, there are structure-function relationships. Because of their especial structures and presence of many hydroxyls, polymethoxies and glycoside moiety, the flavonoids have an array of multiple biological and pharmacological activities...

Aims : To test the hypothesis that in non-diabetic patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), the renal excretion of urate and glucose transportation are coupled and interconnected. Methods : A cross-sectional study of 255 non-diabetic participants with stage 1-2 CKD recruited from our department was conducted. Spearman's correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to study the correlation between urinary glucose and renal uric acid excretion. ANOVA was used to compare urinary uric acid excretion among three tertiles of urinary glucose (UG; UG1: UG<0...

AIMS: Visceral obesity is a major health issue and is a risk factor for an atherogenic state. Visceral obesity has been reported to be a crucial link between albuminuria and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study attempted to explore the association between visceral obesity and albuminuria in prediabetic individuals. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 24871 prediabetic participants over 40 years of age from seven centres across China. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) was determined based on the measurements of anthropometric indices and lipid parameters...

Renal dysfunction is a relevant medical issue for patients undergoing TAVR. Chronic kidney disease and postprocedural acute kidney injury are independent predictors of worse outcome after TAVR procedure. Meticulous preprocedural planning and multidisciplinary heart-team management could mitigate renal damage.

BACKGROUND: The liver and kidney inflammation due to bacterial infection is one of the most common pathological problems leading to tissue damage or disease. In many liver and kidney disorders, which represent serious global health burden with a high economic cost, oxidative stress-related inflammation and apoptosis are important pathogenic components, finally resulting in acute liver and/or kidney failure. Erythropoietin and its analogues are well known to influence the interaction between apoptosis and inflammation in liver and kidney...

Current guidelines for administered activity (AA) in pediatric nuclear medicine imaging studies are based on a 2016 harmonization of the 2010 North American Consensus guidelines and the 2007 European Association of Nuclear Medicine pediatric dosage card. These guidelines assign AA scaled to patient body mass, with further constraints on maximum and minimum values of radiopharmaceutical activity. These guidelines, however, are not formulated based upon a rigor-ous evaluation of diagnostic image quality. In a recent study of the renal cortex imaging agent 99m Tc-DMSA (Li Y et al 2019), body mass-based dosing guidelines were shown to not give the same level of image quality for patients of differing body mass...

INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous rupture of kidney may involve collecting system or parenchyma. Parenchymal rupture usually occurs in patients with renal cell carcinoma, angiomyolipoma, renal cysts, arteriovenous malformation or vascular diseases such as periarteritis nodosa. Collecting system rupture is usually a rare complication of obstructive urolithiasis. We describe the unusual cases of spontaneous kidney rupture in patients with acute urinary obstruction. CASE PRESENTATION: The case report describes the left parenchymal kidney explosion related to ipsilateral ureteral obstruction caused by a single ureteral stone...

This study intends to obtain recombinant proteins of ALT1 and ALT2 isozymes by using genetic recombination technology. Monoclonal antibodies ALT1 and ALT2 with high specificity and high activity were prepared and screened (ALT1 monoclonal antibody has been successfully prepared and published). The localization, distribution and expression of ALT1 and ALT2 isozymes in human tissues were discussed. The ALT2 genes were amplified from human liver cancer cell (HepG2) by RT-PCR method. The mature ALT2 gene was subcloned into the pET32a-ALT2 prokaryotic expression vector...