Knee

Background: Metformin (MF) is a widely used biguanide oral hypoglycemic agent, which has obvious anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, the mechanism of MF on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of MF on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods: CIA was induced in rats by intradermal injection of a mixture of bovine type II collagen and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) on day 0 and day 7 through the base of the tail...

Background/objective: Hip dysfunction in young population caused by developmental dysplasia of the hip, congenital hip deformity or femur head necrosis severely affect the quality of life of young patients, and total hip replacement is the current widely accepted standard therapy for hip function reconstruction in adults, but not for young patients. Alternative safe and effective surgical method for hip function preservation/reconstruction for young patients is lacking. Ilizarov hip reconstruction osteotomy was an alternative method for preserving hip function but the surgical procedures were rather complicated using discomforting ring fixation at the hip region that prevents its wider acceptance and application...

Background: Osteochondral defects (OCD) are common in osteoarthritis (OA) and difficult to heal. Numerous tissue engineering approaches and novel biomaterials are developed to solve this challenging condition. Although most of the novel methods can successfully treat osteochondral defects in preclinical trials, their clinical application in OA patients is not satisfactory, due to a high spontaneous recovery rate of many preclinical animal models by ignoring the inflammatory environment...

Background: This prospective cohort study was designed to evaluate the survivorship and functional outcomes associated with long-term results of medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) for the treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis in the Chinese population. Although MOWHTO is a well-established procedure in the management of medial osteoarthritis of the knee, the long-term outcome in the Chinese population has not been reported in current literature. We hypothesised that MOWHTO would result in long-term preservation of knee function in Chinese, similar to that reported in the Caucasian population...

Objective: To evaluate change in bone mineral density (BMD) during development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in elderly Chinese community residents. Further, to monitor disease progression by recording speed of sound (SOS), one parameter of BMD provided by quantitative ultrasound measurement. Methods: A total of 4173 community residents of the Chinese mainland were organized to complete questionnaires and relevant measurements, including anthropometry, radiology and quantitative ultrasound (QUS)...

Objectives: To compare the long-term prognosis of patients with different types of grafts used in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: PubMed, Ovid (MEDLINE and Embase) and the Cochrane library were searched up to Feb 2020. Eligible studies about different grafts in ACLR were searched for identifying the evidence comparing the long-term (mean or median follow-up time or the general description of the follow-up time≥2 years) knee outcomes of different grafts for ACLR...

Objectives: To document the presentation of infected non-unions of femur in pediatric and adolescent population and evaluate the outcome of segmental bone transport with the Ilizarov method. Methods: This prospective case series study was carried out over a period of five years, from January 01, 2015 to December 31, 2019. The study included all children and adolescent patients who presented with femoral infected non unions. The study excluded patients above the age of 16 years and those who had pathological fractures secondary to bone pathologies such as cysts, tumors or metabolic bone diseases...

OBJECTIVES: Medical examinations for adult elite athletes are performed all over the world, however, no studies in the relevant English literature have reported on orthopaedic medical examinations for young amateur athletes. The purpose of this study was to report the results of orthopaedic medical examinations of the spine and lower extremities in young amateur athletes. METHODS: This repeated cross-sectional study from 2014 to 2018 included a total of 323 young amateur athletes (age, 12-18 years) who were active in one of the following four sports: boxing, canoeing, weightlifting and track and field...

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Owning to the viscoelastic properties, good biocompatibility and high strain sensitivity, choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) hydrogels have been considered to be promising wearable strain sensors for human motion. However, traditional hydrogels are far away from the wearable strain sensor applications caused by their unsatisfied conductivity and weak mechanical properties. Herein, the strategy for functional ionic inorganic/organic interpenetrating (IPN) hydrogels preparation by cyclic freezing/thawing method was successfully developed...

We read with interest the article by Gomes et al. entitled: "Exercise program combined with electrophysical modalities in subjects with knee osteoarthritis: A randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial". Gomes et al. concluded that the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) did not reduce knee osteoarthritis pain when applied as an adjunct to exercise therapy. We argue that Gomes et al. neglected relevant laser treatment recommendations in the conduct and reporting of the trial.Gomes et al. did not state the Joules per treatment spot applied...

There is a widely expressed concern about an unmet need for post hospitalization venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in medically ill patients, however, physicians and hospitals have been slow to implement this measure. Recommendations against extended VTE prophylaxis in medical patients from the American Society of Hematology (ASH) in 2018 and the withholding of approval of betrixiban by the European Medicines Agency also in 2018 may have been influential in this regard. Furthermore, rivaroxaban the other drug approved for this indication in the U...

Although asymmetries in lower limbs have been linked with players' performance in male soccer players, literature that has been published addressing female soccer is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was twofold: (i) describe the asymmetries of women soccer players during jumping, change-of-direction and range-of-motion tests; and (ii) test possible relationships between asymmetries and injury risk in female soccer players. Sixteen female players (15.5 ± 1.5 years) performed a battery of fitness tests (i...

BACKGROUND: There are several clinical outcome scores relating to meniscal injuries reported in the literature. However, the result of one scoring system is often different from that of the others even when assessing the same group of patients. This makes the comparison of results of studies who have used different outcome measures restrictive and difficult. HYPOTHESIS: Statistically derived formulae can be used to predict the outcome of one knee scoring system when the result of another is known in patients with meniscal tears before and after arthroscopic meniscectomy...

BACKGROUND: Little is known about how a prior knee injury affects the clinical profile of individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) although this is potentially important to personalize care. OBJECTIVES: To compare individual and clinical characteristics of individuals with KOA with and without a self-reported prior knee injury. DESIGN: Secondary data analysis of baseline data from the Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark (GLA:D®) registry...

OBJECTIVE: Explore patient and dietitian experiences with a multi-component dietary weight loss program for knee osteoarthritis to understand enablers and challenges to success at 6-months. DESIGN: Qualitative study embedded within a randomised controlled trial. Semi-structured individual interviews with 24 patients with knee osteoarthritis who undertook, and five dietitians who supervised, a weight management program (involving a ketogenic very low calorie diet (VLCD), video consultations, educational resources) over six months...

Pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis is still inadequate due to the low efficacy of the drugs used. Dexmedetomidine via the intra-articular (i.a.) route might be an option for the treatment of osteoarthritis-associated pain. The present study assessed the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of dexmedetomidine administered via the i.a. route in different doses in an experimental model of rat knee osteoarthritis induced with monosodium iodoacetate. Rats were allocated to four groups with 24 animals in each group...

AIM: Studies have pivoted on the position of microRNAs (miRNAs) in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) but not the more specific function of miR-199-3p. Thus, this study is to uncover the mechanism of miR-199-3p in KOA. METHODS: Rats KOA models were established by modified Hulth method. miR-199-3p expression was observed in cartilage of KOA rats. The binding sites of miR-199-3p were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and the potential interaction between DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and miR-199-3p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay...

PURPOSE: During the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a massive reduction of arthroplasty services due to reallocation of hospital resources. The unique challenge for clinicians has been to define which arthroplasty patients most urgently require surgery. The present study aimed to investigate priority arthroplasty procedures during the pandemic and in the reinstatement period from the surgeon's perspective. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An online survey was conducted among members of the European Hip Society (EHS), European Knee Associates (EKA) and other invited orthopaedic arthroplasty surgeons (experts) from across the world...

PURPOSE: To compare the radiographic, clinical, and arthroscopic outcomes of varus osteoarthritic knees treated with an open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) alone or with a double-level osteotomy (DLO). It was hypothesized that treatment with DLO would maintain the joint line obliquity (JLO) and acquire better arthroscopic and clinical outcomes after surgery than OWHTO alone. METHODS: Knees with predicted medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) > 95° were treated with OWHTO alone or with DLO...