drug-induced myopathy

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterised by the selective loss of motor neurons, muscular atrophy, and degeneration. Statins, as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, are the most widely prescribed drugs to lower cholesterol levels and used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, statins are seldom used in muscular diseases, primarily because of their rare statin-associated myopathy. Recently, statins have been shown to reduce muscular damage and improve its function...

PURPOSE: A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and risk of statin-induced myopathy (SIM). METHODS: We retrieved the studies published on SIM until April 2019 from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. We collected data from 32 studies that analyzed 10 SNPs in five genes and included 21,692 individuals and nine statins. RESULTS: The analysis of the heterozygous (p = 0...

Introduction: Genetic polymorphisms of drug transporters influence drug transporter activity and alter pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are important transporters encoded by solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 ( SLCO1B1 ) gene and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 ( ABCG2 ) gene, respectively. Polymorphisms in these genes are associated with increased plasma statins concentrations, statin-induced myopathy and poor response to allopurinol treatment...

In the development process for drugs used to treat skeletal muscle, cell-based contractile force assays have been considered as a useful in vitro test. Immortalized human myogenic cells are promising as cell sources for reproducible and well-characterized in vitro models. In this study, it is investigated whether immortalized human myogenic cells, Hu5/KD3, have suitable contractile ability and the potential to be used as cell sources for contractile force assays. Muscle tissues are fabricated using Hu5/KD3 cells on the microfabricated devices used to measure contractile force...

We report an extremely rare case of acute inflammatory myopathy during combination chemotherapy with docetaxel and transtuzumab for metastatic breast carcinoma in a 44-year-old female patient. Despite the significant response in the follow-up fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography, of the underlying malignancy to the chemotherapeutic regimen, there was diffusely increased FDG uptake in the upper and lower limb muscles with associated painful, proximal muscle weakness. These symptoms regressed after the discontinuation of docetaxel and the administration of corticosteroids, suggesting it to be the drug-induced myositis...

TNFα inhibitors, including adalimumab, are widely used in inflammatory rheumatologic and bowel diseases. Well-known adverse effects include: opportunistic infections, immunogenicity and new inflammatory manifestations. Myositis is an inflammatory disease, which manifests with muscle symptoms and can be life-threatening. Little is known about drug-induced myositis. We aimed to describe a case of myositis induced by adalimumab and reviewed national and international pharmacovigilance databases for other cases until 01/02/2019...

OBJECTIVES: To identify immunologic factors in lungs of patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies-associated ILD (IIM-ILD) and to examine their pathological mechanisms. METHODS: A total of 11 patients with RA-ILD, 16 with IIM-ILD, and 6 with drug-induced ILD (DI-ILD) and 8 healthy controls were enrolled. Peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry...

RATIONALE: Atorvastatin is the most common drug used in therapy for cardiovascular diseases. The most common adverse side effects associated with statins are myopathy and hypertransaminasemia. Here, we report a rare case of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) elevation induced by atorvastatin. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 47-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with dyslipidemia, he had been taking pitavastatin 2 mg/day for 2 months. The levels of total cholesterol (265...

Drug interaction is a common clinical problem which is often underestimated by physicians. Statins are one of the commonly prescribed medicines worldwide that are generally well tolerated. Muscle-related symptoms have a varied clinical presentation which usually increases if a new medicine is co-prescribed. We report the case of a 65- year-old woman who presented with a 10-day history of extreme fatigue, slowly progressing muscle weakness and insomnia. Drug-induced myopathy was diagnosed with concomitant use of atorvastatin and ciprofloxacin...

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are known to induce autoimmune diseases, such as lupus-like syndrome; in rare cases, TNF inhibitor-induced myositis has been reported. This report documents the case of a male patient with ulcerative colitis (UC) complicated by TNF inhibitor-induced myositis. After UC diagnosis and treatment with azathioprine and infliximab, he was evaluated for a recent 5-month history of muscle weakness and pain. Laboratory tests revealed elevated muscle enzymes, such as serum creatine kinase (CK) and aldolase...

BACKGROUND: Statins are the cornerstone of pharmacotherapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. While these drugs are generally safe, treatment adherence is not optimal in a considerable proportion of patients because of the adverse effects on skeletal muscles in the forms of myopathy, myalgia, muscular pain, nocturnal muscle cramping, weakness, and rare rhabdomyolysis. METHODS: For the purpose of this narrative review, we searched for the literature suggesting the involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the development of statin-induced myopathy...

BACKGROUND: Statins are considered as standard drugs to control cholesterol levels, but their use is also associated with renal hypertrophy, hemorrhagic stroke, hepatomegaly, and myopathy. Murraya koenigii is an herb that is used in traditional cuisine and as a medicine in South Asia. Here we assessed the antidyslipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effects of this spice in repeated heated mix vegetable oils (RHMVO)-induced atherosclerotic models. METHODS: Aqueous extract of M...

Treatment with statins requires close monitoring of serum creatine kinase levels to prevent myopathy, which is a rare but potentially serious dose-dependent adverse effect of these drugs. Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that are among the most prescribed drugs worldwide and are considered effective in reducing the risk of major cardiovascular events. Although statins are generally well-tolerated, myopathies are a rare but known adverse event, ranging from muscle pain to very rare cases of life-threatening rhabdomyolysis...

Emerging Viral diseases are incredibly infectious and proficient in inducing pandemics. Unlike the previous emerging coronaviruses (ECoVs) which neurological complexities were uncommon, with neurological features exhibition at 14-25 days post-onset, yet with critical outcomes exhibiting >50% mortality in central nervous (CNS) presenting pathologies. The COVID 19 neurological consequences occur more frequently even in mild cases, presenting with CNS involvement in up to 25%, musculoskeletal and peripheral manifestation (PNM)...

Phosphatidate phosphatase-1 (lipin-1) is encoded by LPIN1 gene. Lipin-1 deficiency has been reported as the second most common cause of early-onset rhabdomyolysis after primary fatty acid oxidation disorders. We report a case of a 32-year-old Sri Lankan female with a history of more than 10 episodes of rhabdomyolysis and exercise intolerance since childhood. These episodes were triggered by infections and exercise. A temporal relationship between the acute episodes and use of drugs such as theophylline, mefenamic acid, co-trimoxazole, and combined oral contraceptive pills was also noted...

Case (description): A 74 years old Caucasian suffering from chronic kidney disease presented with progressive asthenia and diffuse myalgia. It was revealed that the patient used three different rosuvastatin-containing preparations in a total daily dose of 120 mg for 76 days. Laboratory investigations revealed a marked elevation of serum urea, creatinine, myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK) and transaminases. Two serious medication errors have been identified as possible major factors that synergistically contributed to the development of rosuvastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis...

Summary: Sodium/glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are novel oral hypoglycaemic agents that are increasingly used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They are now recommended as second-line pharmacotherapy (in conjunction with metformin) in patients with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic heart disease, heart failure or chronic kidney disease due to their favourable effects on cardiovascular and renal outcomes. We report a case of a 69-year-old man who developed muscle pain, weakness and wasting after commencing the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The vaccine adjuvant, AS04, present in bivalent human papilloma virus (bHPV) vaccines, induces greater local immune responses than the aluminum adjuvant in quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccines. These distinctions might also result in disparities in immunogenicity and responsiveness, possibly contributing to differences in adverse events (AEs) between these vaccines. Here we comparatively analyzed AEs between qHPV and bHPV vaccines based on 10-year real-world AE data...

Immunosuppressants used to treat autoimmunity are often not curative and have many side effects. Our purpose was to identify therapeutics for autoimmunity of the skeletal muscle termed idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (myositis). Recent evidence shows the pro-inflammatory type I interferons (IFN) and a down-stream product major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I are pathogenic in myositis. We conducted quantitative high throughput screening on >4,500 compound titrations, including all approved drugs, through a series of cell-based assays to identify those that inhibit the type I IFN - MHC class I pathway in muscle precursor cells (myoblasts)...

A 63-year-old woman was referred to neurology with bilateral severe progressive pain and stiffness in her thighs. The patient had a 3-year history of injecting intramuscular cyclizine into the anterior thigh to treat nausea associated with a longstanding pan-enteric dysmotility syndrome. MRI of the thighs demonstrated fibrotic appearances. A biopsy of the left vastus lateralis and surrounding fascia identified pathology consistent with a fibrous myopathy. The patient was advised to stop intramuscular injections of cyclizine and undergo physiotherapy but she still remained in considerable pain...