Osteoporosis

The ability of bone to resist fracture is dependent on the composite nature of its mineral and organic matrix content. Teriparatide (TPTD) and zoledronic acid (ZOL) are approved anabolic and antiresorptive therapies, respectively, to reduce fracture risk in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. In the SHOTZ study, postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were treated with TPTD (20 μg daily, subcutaneous) or ZOL (5 mg/year, intravenous infusion) for 24 months. Iliac crest biopsies were obtained at 6 months and again at 24 months from approximately one third of the original study cohort...

Skeletal muscles and bone tissue form the musculoskeletal apparatus, a complex system essential for the voluntary movement. The loss of muscle mass and muscle strength is often associated with a loss of bone mass, in a "hazardous duet" which implies the co-existence of sarcopenia-osteoporosis and exposes patients to a deterioration in quality of life and increased mortality. From the mechanostat theory to the recent definition of the osteosarcopenia syndrome, many aspects of muscle-bone interaction have been investigated in recent decades...

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, epigenetically regulates various cell metabolisms, including inflammation, tumorigenesis, and bone metabolism. Many clinical studies have found the potential of SIRT1 in predicting and treating bone-related disorders, such as osteoporosis and osteonecrosis, suggesting that SIRT1 might be a regulator of bone homeostasis. In order to identify the mechanisms that underlie the pivotal role of SIRT1 in bone homeostasis, many studies revealed that SIRT1 could maintain the balance between bone formation and absorption via regulating the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts...

BACKGROUND: The relationship of osteoporosis and stroke is still not fully clarified. Apart from the well-known risk factors for stroke, bone mineral density (BMD) has gained more interest in recent years. AIM: To further elucidate the relationship between BMD and stroke risk, a prospective cohort study in the Chinese rural population was conducted. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a family osteoporosis cohort. METHODS: Our subjects were selected from an osteoporosis cohort conducted in Anqing, China...

The leading causes of mortality in our study were pneumonia, diseases of the circulatory system, and dementias. In patients with hip fractures, the emphasis should be placed not only on measures to prevent falls and osteoporosis, but also on preventing functional decline and pneumonia. PURPOSE: To describe the specific causes of death in patients who died up to 2 years after sustaining a hip fracture, how many of those deaths were directly related to the hip fracture, and the risk factors for mortality...

We investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the expression of muscle vitamin D receptor (VDR) and cross-sectional area (CSA) in patients with a distal radius fracture (DRF). Significant increases in VDR expression and CSA were observed, especially in vitamin D-deficient patients. PURPOSE: Vitamin D supplementation is known to enhance muscle mass and function, but whether the VDR is essential in this process remains unknown. We evaluated the change in VDR expression and CSA in the forearm muscles following vitamin D supplementation in patients with a DRF...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association between dental implant therapy and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in osteoporotic patients and the relationship between tooth extraction, dental implantation, and ONJ. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used the Customized Health Information Data from the National Health Insurance Corporation in South Korea. The study population included patients older than 70 years with a history of osteoporosis; the cases included patients who had undergone dental implant surgery between July 2014 and July 2016 with specific procedure codes...

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process and is considered one of the main catabolism pathways. In the process of autophagy, cells are digested nonselectively or selectively to recover nutrients and energy, so it is regarded as an antiaging process. In addition to the essential role of autophagy in cellular homeostasis, autophagy is a stress response mechanism for cell survival. Here, we review recent literature describing the pathway of autophagy and its role in different bone cell types, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes...

Lactose intolerance has been proposed to cause poor bone health. This study found the prevalence of lactose intolerance was high among Malaysian young adults, but not associated with bone health status, unlike calcium intake. This is the first study that investigated the association of lactose intolerance and bone health status in Malaysia. PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of lactose intolerance, calcium intake and physical activity level and to investigate the association between these variables with bone health status among young adults...

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) refers to the loss of ovarian activity before the age of 40 years, which leads to hypoestrogenism and amenorrhoea. The diagnosis of POI in a young woman has potentially life-changing physical and emotional consequences for both the patient and her family. Therefore, it is very important that the diagnosis is correct and that it is made in a timely manner. Unfortunately, the diagnosis and therefore the effective treatment of POI are often delayed, which underlines the need for education of the broad medical community on the issue...

Patients suffering from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are at higher risk of osteoporosis due to lower bone mineral density. Risk factors of osteoporosis are divided into unmodifiable, namely, age, gender, genetic factors, as well as modifiable, including diet, level of physical activity, and the use of stimulants. Coffee and tea contain numerous compounds affecting bone metabolism. Certain substances such as antioxidants may protect bones; other substances may increase bone resorption. Nevertheless, the influence of coffee and tea on the development and course of inflammatory bowel diseases is contradictory...

Osteoporotic spine fractures (OSF) are common sequelae of osteoporosis. OSF are directly correlated with increasing age and incidence of osteoporosis. OSF are treated conservatively or surgically. Associated acute pain, chronic disabilities, and progressive deformities are well documented. Conservative measures include a combination of initial bed rest, analgesia, early physiotherapy, and a spinal brace (orthosis), with the aim for early rehabilitation to prevent complications of immobile state. Spinal bracing is commonly used for symptomatic management of OSF...

We report on a patient born to consanguineous parents, presenting with Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) and osteoporosis. SNP-array analysis and exome sequencing disclosed long contiguous stretches of homozygosity and two distinct homozygous variants in HESX1 (Q6H) and COL1A1 (E1361K) genes. The HESX1 variant was described as causative in a few subjects with an incompletely penetrant dominant form of combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). The COL1A1 variant is rare, and so far it has never been found in a homozygous form...

Disuse osteoporosis results from physical inactivity. Reduced mechanical loading of bone stimulates bone resorption leading to bone loss, decreased mechanical properties, and increased fracture risk. Compensatory mechanisms evolved in hibernators to preserve skeletal muscle and bone during the prolonged physical inactivity that occurs during annual hibernation. This paper reports the preservation of bone properties in an exceptionally old black bear that was physically inactive for about 6 months annually for 31 years...

Fructus Psoraleae (FP) is commonly used in the treatment of vitiligo, osteoporosis and other diseases in clinic. However, the toxicity caused by FP is frequently encountered in clinical practice. Up to now, the toxicity mechanism of FP is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxic effect in rats treated with the ethanol extract of FP (EEFP) and to explore the underlying toxic mechanisms using a metabolomics approach. The toxicity was evaluated by hematological indicators, biochemical indicators and histological changes...

In the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), we investigated associations between baseline DXA appendicular lean mass (ALM) and risk of incident fractures, falls and mortality (separately for each outcome) amongst older postmenopausal women, accounting for bone mineral density (BMD), prior falls and FRAX probability. The WHI is a prospective study of postmenopausal women undertaken at 40 US sites. We used an extension of Poisson regression to investigate the relationship between baseline ALM (corrected for height2 ) and incident fracture outcomes, presented for major osteoporotic fracture [MOF (hip, clinical vertebral, forearm or proximal humerus)], falls and death...

Breastfeeding provides a range of benefits for the infant's growth, immunity, and development. It also has health benefits for the mother, including a reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer, earlier return to prepregnancy weight, reduction of postpartum bleeding, and reduced risk of osteoporosis. There are a number of complex factors that influence the decision to initiate and continue breastfeeding, including those "external" to women, such as cultural beliefs. The cultural context and environment of decision making are illuminated through the prism of traditions and historical and cultural events...

BACKGROUND: A novel effervescent buffered solution of 70 mg alendronate (ALN-EX) was developed to improve upper gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability over alendronate tablets (ALN-T). Whether a better GI tolerability can improve persistence remains to be determined. AIM: This study evaluated persistence and reasons for discontinuation in patients treated with ALN-EX compared to a historical cohort on ALN-T. METHODS: Post-menopausal women (PMW) from a standardized clinical database with BMD T-score < -2...

Osteosarcopenia is characterized by a progressive decline in muscle function and bone strength and associated with muscle fat accumulation. This study aimed to determine the effect of long-term high intensity resistance training (HIRT) on thigh muscle fat infiltration in older men with osteosarcopenia. Forty-three community-dwelling men (72 years and older) were randomly assigned to either an exercise group (EG, n = 21) or an inactive control group (CG, n = 22). EG participants performed a supervised single-set exercise training with high effort two times per week...

AIMS: The effect of the gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolite on bone health is termed the gut-bone axis. Multiple studies have elucidated the mechanisms but findings vary greatly. A systematic review was performed to analyze current animal models and explore the effect of GM on bone. METHODS: Literature search was performed on PubMed and Embase databases. Information on the types and strains of animals, induction of osteoporosis, intervention strategies, determination of GM, assessment on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone quality, and key findings were extracted...