Alberto Olivero, Kan Liu, Enrico Checchucci, Lei Liu, Lulin Ma, Guoliang Wang, Guglielmo Mantica, Stefano Tappero, Daniele Amparore, Michele Sica, Cristian Fiori, Quingbo Huang, Shaoxi Niu, Baojun Wang, Xin Ma, Xiaofei Hou, Francesco Porpiglia, Carlo Terrone, Xu Zhang
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate early oncologic outcomes in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) with venous invasion (VI) treated using both open and mini-invasive approaches. PATIENTS AND MATERIALS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 4 international referral center databases, including all the patients undergoing adrenalectomy for ACC with VI from January 2007 to March 2020. According to CT scan or MRI, the tumor thrombus was classified into four levels: (1) adrenal vein invasion; (2) renal vein invasion; (3) infra-hepatic Inferior vena cava (IVC); and (4) retro-hepatic IVC...
January 10, 2023: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery