Urology kidney bladder prostate

PURPOSE: Technological advancements in laser lithotripsy are expanding into numerous fields of urology, like ureteroscopy (URS), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), and benign and malignant soft-tissue treatments. Since the amount of research regarding lasers in urology has grown exponentially, we present a systematic review of the most recent and relevant advances encompassing all lasers used in urological endoscopic treatment. METHODS: We performed a literature search using PubMed (May 2023) to obtain information about lasers for urological purposes...

The microbiome, once considered peripheral, is emerging as a relevant player in the intricate web of factors contributing to cancer development and progression. These often overlooked microorganisms, in the context of urological malignancies, have been investigated primarily focusing on the gut microbiome, while exploration of urogenital microorganisms remains limited. Considering this, our systematic review delves into the complex role of these understudied actors in various neoplastic conditions, including prostate, bladder, kidney, penile, and testicular cancers...

OBJECTIVES: To perform a retrospective cohort analysis for metastatic tumours in the testes to explore the timing, presentation and prognosis of this particular type of metastases and the factors that influence outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A nationwide retrospective review of pathology reports of patients with pathologically confirmed metastases to the testis between 1991 and 2021 was performed. Data were collected from the Dutch nationwide pathology databank (PALGA) and the Netherlands Cancer Registry...

INTRODUCTION: Dynamic volumetric MRI was used to non-invasively assess voiding biomechanics in a healthy male volunteer. METHODS: Using 3D Differential Subsampling with Cartesian Ordering (DISCO) Flex acquisition sequence, volumetric bladder images were obtained throughout the voiding effort. These were subsequently segmented using MIMICS. Segmented anatomical volumes were used to quantify total voided volume, post-void residual, volumetric displacement of urine over time, bladder neck angle, sphericity index, and prostatic urethral angle through the voiding effort...

PURPOSE: Our aim is to develop a patient-specific bladder-filling protocol (PSP) using an ultrasound-based bladder scanner (BS) and compare the volumetric and dosimetric parameters with those of the standard filling protocol (SP) in postprostatectomy patients. METHODS: Twenty postprostatectomy patients who received salvage radiotherapy (72 Gy/36 fx) were included. For PSP, the patient was asked to drink 500 mL of water after emptying his bladder. Bladder volume was measured using BS every 10 min...

Environmental factors such as air pollution and climate change have far-reaching implications for human health, and increasing evidence supports a link between planetary health and many common urological conditions. We summarize these links and outline the data for some dietary and lifestyle changes that have joint benefits for both urological and planetary health. PATIENT SUMMARY: Steps to reduce our impact on the environment can also reduce the risk of urological cancers (bladder, prostate, and kidney cancers), urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and erectile dysfunction, and may have a positive impact on sperm quality...

BACKGROUND: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), as ectopic lymphoid-like tissues, are highly similar to secondary lymphoid organs and are not only involved in chronic inflammation and autoimmune responses but are also closely associated with tumor immunotherapy and prognosis. The complex composition of the urological tumor microenvironment not only varies greatly in response to immunotherapy, but the prognostic value of TLSs in different urological tumors remains controversial. SUMMARY: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and other full-text database systems...

The three most common genitourinary malignancies (prostate/kidney/bladder cancers) constitute a substantial proportion of all cancer cases, mainly in the elderly population. Early detection is key to maximizing the patients' survival, but the lack of highly accurate biomarkers that might be used through non-/minimally invasive methods has impaired progress in this domain. Herein, we sought to develop a minimally invasive test to detect and discriminate among those urological cancers based on miRNAs assessment through ddPCR...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components and the risk of developing urologic cancers. METHODS: This study included 101,510 observation subjects from May 2006 to December 2007. The subjects received questionnaires and were subjected to clinical and laboratory examinations to collect data on baseline population characteristics, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), blood glucose, blood lipids, lifestyle, and past disease history...

BACKGROUND: Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been linked to numerous diseases, including cancer. The unique role of gut microbiota in urological tumors is gaining prominence. However, it is still controversial whether the dysbiosis of gut microbiota should be one of the etiological factors of bladder cancer (BCa), prostate cancer (PCa) or kidney cancer (KCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The microbiome genome-wide association study (GWAS) from the MiBioGen consortium (18,340 samples of 24 population-based cohorts) was utilized as the exposure data...

OBJECTIVES: To describe and compare the incidence, stage at diagnosis, and survival for genitourinary cancers in the border regions and in Hispanic-Americans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A population-based search was performed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program 18 database and the Texas Cancer Registry from 2000 to 2017. Cox regression models were performed with adjusted for age, gender, race, cancer type, cancer stage, insurance status, and cause of death were used to compare cancer-specific survival...

OBJECTIVE: To report the experience of partial inferior pubicectomy in the treatment of complex posterior urethral stricture after trauma. METHODS: A total of 46 patients with post-traumatic posterior urethral stricture admitted to the Department of Urology of our Hospital from January 2013 to September 2021 were selected as the research objects and underwent urethroplasty (including nine patients who had failed previous perineal repair surgery and adopted partial inferior pubicectomy approach)...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Urologic cancers result from the appearance of genomic alterations in the target organ due to the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Knowledge of the genomic markers involved in their etiology and mechanisms for their development continue to progress. This reviewed provides an update on recent genomic studies that have informed epidemiologic and clinical research in urology. RECENT FINDINGS: Inherited variations are an established risk factor for urologic cancers with significant estimates of heritability for prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer...

Hyaluronan (HA) is one of the major components of the extracellular matrix in tumor tissue. Recent reports have made it clear that the balance of HA synthesis and degradation is critical for tumor progression. HA is synthesized on the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane by hyaluronan synthases (HAS) and extruded into the extracellular space. Excessive HA production in cancer is associated with enhanced HA degradation in the tumor microenvironment, leading to the accumulation of HA fragments with small molecular weight...

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are becoming a popular source of information but there are limited data on the quality of information on urological malignancies that they provide. Our objective was to characterize the quality of information and detect misinformation about prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancers from four AI chatbots: ChatGPT, Perplexity, Chat Sonic, and Microsoft Bing AI. We used the top five search queries related to prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancers according to Google Trends from January 2021 to January 2023 and input them into the AI chatbots...

OBJECTIVES: To identify patient risk factors that predict nonhome discharge after surgery for urologic malignancies as well as determine whether discharge status had an impact on readmission rates in patients undergoing surgery for urologic malignancies. METHODS: We identified patients who had undergone surgery for urologic malignancies including prostate, bladder, kidney, or upper tract urothelial cancer from 2011 to 2019 in the American College of Surgeon National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database...

In addition to environmental conditions, lifestyle factors, and chemical exposure, aberrant gene expression and mutations involve in the beginning and development of urological tumors. Even in Western nations, urological malignancies are among the top causes of patient death, and their prevalence appears to be gender dependent. The prognosis for individuals with urological malignancies remains dismal and unfavorable due to the ineffectiveness of conventional treatment methods. PI3K/Akt is a popular biochemical mechanism that is activated in tumor cells as a result of PTEN loss...

Urological tumors, such as prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and bladder cancer, have shown a significant rise in prevalence in recent years and account for a significant proportion of malignant tumors. It has been established that metastasis to distant organs caused by urological tumors is the main cause of death, although the mechanisms underlying metastasis have not been fully elucidated. The fibronectin receptor integrin α5β1 reportedly plays an important role in distant metastasis and is closely related to tumor development...

INTRODUCTION: The systematization of surgical complications has long been a serious problem since different types of surgical procedures have specific complications, in addition to general consequences. Created in 1992 and improved in 2004, the Clavien-Dindo classification was successfully validated in surgical centers in different countries and recognized as an important tool for the qualitative assessment of surgical complications. AIM: To improve reconstructive procedures by systematizing complications based on the ClavienDindo classification...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Background and objective: Perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) during radical urological surgeries has been associated with an increased incidence of complications. The present study analyzes the outcome of perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) and the prognostic implications after radical surgeries on patients with malignant urological tumors. METHODS: Our retrospective study included 792 cases of partial or radical nephrectomy /cystectomy/prostatectomy surgeries for kidney/bladder/ prostate carcinoma from 2012 to 2022...