Trauma

Percutaneous sacro-iliac screw osteosynthesis is considered to be standard of care for most posterior pelvic ring fractures. However, special situations require alternative strategies for sufficient stabilization. In these cases, stabilization can often be achieved using posterior instrumentation e.g. using SIPS-screws (spina-iliaca-posterior-superior screws). However, this often leads to implant-related aggravation of the sometimes already critical soft tissue conditions after pelvic trauma. S2-Ala-Ilium screws (S2AI screws) are a suitable alternative...

PURPOSE: Due to their increased proximity to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), epiretinal visual prostheses present the opportunity for eliciting phosphenes with low thresholds through direct RGC activation. This study characterised the in vivo performance of a novel prototype monolithic epiretinal prosthesis, containing Nitrogen incorporated ultrananocrystalline (N-UNCD) diamond electrodes. METHODS: A prototype implant containing up to twenty-five 120×120 µm N-UNCD electrodes was implanted into 16 anaesthetised cats and attached to the retina either using a single tack or via magnetic coupling with a suprachoroidally placed magnet...

OBJECTIVE: To compare short term results of autologous rectus fascia pubovaginal sling surgery with synthetic transobturator vaginal tape procedure in treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) STUDY DESIGN: It was a comparative study on 30 women between 25-65 years of age with urodynamic proven SUI who were randomly allocated to autologous rectus fascia pubovaginal sling surgery (Group I)(15 women) and synthetic transobturator vaginal tape procedure (Group II) (15 women). Preoperative and postoperative ICIQ (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire) score, urodynamic study and serum CRP and IL-6 were done in all cases...

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BACKGROUND: Traumatic stress can have lasting effects on neurobiology and result in psychiatric conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We hypothesize that non-invasive cervical vagal nerve stimulation (nVNS) may alleviate trauma symptoms by reducing stress sympathetic reactivity. This study examined how nVNS alters neural responses to personalized traumatic scripts. METHODS: Nineteen participants who had experienced trauma but did not have the diagnosis of PTSD completed this double-blind sham-controlled study...

Microsurgical treatment of thrombosed middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm is very complicated, especially in recurrent cases. We describe a case of a 48-year-old man with a recurrent thrombosed right MCA aneurysm. We performed MCA-to-MCA bypass using the superficial temporal artery (STA) interposition graft and proximal trapping. Initially, an STA-to-MCA bypass with aneurysm trapping was planned because one MCA branch of the superior trunk of the M2 segment needed flow replacement after aneurysm trapping...

PURPOSE: Although orbital blowout fractures are common, there is no consensus with respect to treatment decision making and long-term outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between inferior rectus muscle (IRM) displacement and fracture size and the surgical repair decisions and clinical outcomes in patients with blowout fractures (BOFs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We designed a prospective cohort study and enrolled all patients who presented to the University Hospital of Geneva for evaluation of a BOF...

Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to emotional, physical, and/or sexual abuse perpetrated by a current or former partner. IPV affects both genders, though little is known about its effects on men as victims. The aims of this study were to determine if IPV is a factor contributing to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity independently of deployment-related trauma, and to determine if there are gender differences in these associations. Participants were 46 female and 471 male post-9/11 veterans. Four sequential regressions were employed to examine the independent contribution of IPV among multiple trauma types on PTSD severity in men and women at two epochs, post-deployment (participants were anchored to deployment-related PTSD symptoms) and current (within the past month)...

The Covid-19 pandemic is a rapidly changing circumstance with dramatic policy changes and universal efforts to deal with the initial crisis and minimize its consequences. To identify changes to organ donation and transplantation during this time, an anonymous web-based survey was distributed to 19 select organ procurement organizations (OPOs) throughout the US comparing 90-day activity during March - May 2020 and March - May 2019. 17 OPOs responded to the survey (response rate of 89.5%). Organ authorization decreased by 11% during the current pandemic (n=1379 vs n=1552, p=0...

Women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are at greater risk to develop alcohol use disorders. Whereas impulsivity has been postulated as a behavioral mechanism linking childhood trauma and alcohol use, few studies have comprehensively examined impulsivity in women with CSA. We compared women with a history of CSA ( n = 21) and control women who did not endorse CSA or other major traumas (CON; n = 21) on self-report measures of impulsivity and risk taking. Additionally, performance on behavioral impulsivity and subjective response to alcohol were examined before and after acute alcohol (0...

High rates of drop-out from treatment of PTSD have challenged implementation. Care models that integrate PTSD focused psychotherapy and complementary interventions may provide benefit in retention and outcome. The first 80 veterans with chronic PTSD enrolled in a 2-week intensive outpatient program combining Prolonged Exposure (PE) and complementary interventions completed symptom and biological measures at baseline and posttreatment. We examined trajectories of symptom change, mediating and moderating effects of a range of patient characteristics...

OBJECTIVE: Developmental trauma or chronic early childhood exposure to abuse and neglect by caregivers has been shown to have a long-lasting pervasive impact on mental and neural development, including problems with attention, impulse control, self-regulation, and executive functioning. Its long-term effects are arguably the costliest public health challenge in the United States. Children with developmental trauma rarely have a satisfactory response to currently available evidence-based psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments...

Problematic drinking is common in college, with many students experiencing a range of detrimental alcohol-related consequences. An understanding of the etiological factors involved in the development and maintenance of this behavior is important, as it would inform intervention efforts. Drinking refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) plays a central role in drinking behavior. Social learning theory's principle of reciprocal determinism suggests that cognitions such as DRSE are not only learned over time from drinking experiences but also impact an individual's subsequent drinking behavior...

BACKGROUND: There is currently no clinical biomarker for the early diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone. Long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a wide range of important gene regulatory functions and play an important role in the occurrence and development of various malignant tumors. This study mainly screened the differential expression of lncRNAs in patients with giant cell tumor of bone by gene chip technology, verified the biological function. We tried to establish a reference basis for early diagnosis of tumor and prediction of tumor recurrence...

: Cochlear implantation in patients with intracochlear schwannomas has been reported anecdotally in case reports or small case series . The applied techniques have varied considerably ranging from extended cochleostomy , "push-through" and "pull-through" techniques , partial and subtotal cochleoectomy to cochlear implant insertion through the tumor (5). We here illustrate (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/MAO/A999) our improved surgical technique of subtotal cochleoectomy for tumor removal, cochlear implantation, and cochlear defect reconstruction with a "cartilage-in-perichondrium-bed" technique...

HYPOTHESIS: Circumferential electrocautery injury of the rat external auditory canal (EAC) can induce a reproducible animal model of acquired stenosis. BACKGROUND: Acquired EAC stenosis may occur as a result of chronic inflammation or trauma to the EAC skin and is characterized by narrowing of the EAC, retention of debris, and hearing loss. Treatment is surgery but it is often complicated by restenosis. A reliable and inexpensive animal model of EAC stenosis has not been described...

Osteoarthritis is increasingly viewed as a heterogeneous disease with multiple phenotypic subgroups. Obesity enhances joint degeneration in mouse models of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Most models of PTOA involve damage to surrounding tissues caused by surgery/fracture; it is unclear if obesity enhances cartilage degeneration in the absence of surgery/fracture. We used a non-surgical animal model of load-induced PTOA to determine the effect of obesity on cartilage degeneration two weeks after loading...

AIMS OF THE STUDY: Trauma of the levator ani muscle in the form of partial or complete avulsions is common after vaginal births, especially after vaginal-operative births. As there is little information available regarding associations between the technique of vaginal-operative births and levator ani muscle trauma, we aimed to evaluate the association between the process of vacuum extraction and the occurrence of levator ani muscle trauma. METHODS: As part of a prospective cohort study at the University Hospital of Zurich between March 2017 and April 2019, we sub-analysed vacuum extractions in nulliparous women with singletons in vertex presentation ≥36+0 gestational weeks...

INTRODUCTION: Computed tomography (CT) is the criterion standard for identifying blunt trauma injuries in pediatric patients, but there are long-term risks of CT exposure. In pediatric blunt trauma, multiple studies have shown that increased CT usage does not necessarily equate to improvements in mortality. The aim of this study was to compare CT usage between level 1 pediatric trauma centers versus level 2 pediatric centers and adult level 1 and 2 centers. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, multicenter analysis of National Trauma Data Bank patient records from the single admission year of 2015...

BACKGROUND: The perimodiolar CI532 Slim Modiolar electrode has been designed to bring the electrode contacts close to auditory nerve while reducing cochlear trauma during its insertion. It is currently unknown to what extent the electrode position and electrophysiological outcomes of the Slim Modiolar electrode differ from other perimodiolar electrodes. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to compare the electrode position and electrophysiological outcomes between the CI532 Slim Modiolar and CI512 Contour Advance electrode...