Nutrion

The time course of the EURRECA from 2008 to 2012, overlapped considerably with the timeframe of the process undertaken by the North American Institute of Medicine (IOM) to revise dietary reference intakes for vitamin D and calcium (published November 2010). Therefore the aims of the vitamin D-related activities in EURRECA were formulated to address knowledge requirements that would complement the activities undertaken by the IOM and provide additional resources for risk assessors and risk management agencies charged with the task of setting dietary reference values for vitamin D...

INTRODUCTION: The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a tool that helps in strategic management under the four following perspectives: the financial one, the client s, the internal processes of the company's, the growth and learning processes. In order to measure the performance of the entities, the BSC uses as a basis financial and non-financial indicators. OBJECTIVES: To implement the BSC in a nutrional therapy company. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This research deals with a case study that took place in a nutrional therapy company from January to November 2010...

Phenylketonuria (PKU) leads to severe neurological disorders in childhood, shunned by the diet. The long-term prognosis after diet diversification at adolescence is uncertain. We report a case of cortical blindness in a young patient regressive 1 month after the diet was resumed.Mr M., 25 years old, had PKU detected at birth. He maintained good serum levels of Phenylalanine (Phe) (120-300 μmol/L) during childhood and got a normal intellectual development. During adolescence he diversified his diet but maintained low meat and fish intake; Phe was ~1,200 μmol/L with no symptoms...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disease characterized by chronic pulmonary infection, bronchiectasis, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and elevated sweat chloride level. It is commonly considered as a pediatric disease. But it is now being diagnosed in increasing number of adults due to increased survival from availability of potent antibiotics, nutritional facility and diagnosis of mild cases which were unrecognized previously. CF is rarely reported from India and its adult presentation is rarer. Our case, a Hindu female from West Bengal, India was diagnosed to have CF at the age of 29 years...

Vehicular accidents and Urban violence continues to be a major source of faciomaxillary injuries, Mandible being more commonly injured than other facial bones. A series of seventy five patients surgically treated for facial fractures between Jan '92 and Dec. '94 was reviewed. Of these, 51 had mandibular fractures at different sites like Angle and Body, Body and/or Symphysis and Ascen-ding Ramus. All these patients were treated with rigid internal fixation using Dynamic Compression Plate on A. O principle. It provided complete anatomical reduction and stimulated bone healing and full range of movement...

Single-cell protein (SCP) refers to the dried cells of microorganisms. The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutrional characteristics and possible toxic effects of the SCP of Trichoderma harzianum. First, T. harzianum was grown on whey filtrate agar medium and the obtained SCP was analysed. It was rich in both total protein (34.21%) and ash (4.78%). Furthermore, the biomass contained all the essential amino acids, and the amino acid concentrations were very close to the FAO reference protein levels...

BACKGROUND: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) as a traditional mode of treatment in severe acute pancreatitis was still used widely in clinical work. In addition, enteral nutrition treatment methods have developed; early enteral nutrition has already been highlighted for severe acute pancreatitis, but the therapeutic risks versus benefits need to be studied. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To compare total parenteral nutrition with total enteral nutrition (TEN) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis by performing a meta-analysis...

A study of the effects of breed and nutrition on the productive traits of Nelore, Guzerá, Charolais and Canchim cattle found in south-east Brazil was undertaken as part of an overall research programme to differentiate between carcase classes with a view to elaborating carcase classification proposals. The forty animals used in this study were divided into two treatment groups representing intensive and extensive feeding systems. Recovered data were analysed to determine the effects of breed, treatment and possible breed-treatment interaction on the proportions of internal and external offals and gross carcase composition...

The problem to evaluate treatment outcome in adult PKU (phenylketonuric) patients lies in the heterogeneity of the adult PKU population. This heterogeneity is not only based on the different treatment history of every individual patient but also on the different severity of the underlying defect of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Recent, partly double blind studies in adult PKU patients further support recommendation for lifelong treatment. However, it has become evident that dietary treatment is suboptimal and continuation to adulthood often not accepted...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss the mechanisms of muscle loss during cachexia. RECENT FINDINGS: Cachexia can be defined as a wasting of lean body mass that cannot be reversed nutrionally, indicating a dysregulation in the pathways maintaining body composition. In skeletal muscle, during cachexia, there is an upregulation of protein degradation. A search for transcriptional markers of muscle atrophy led to the discovery of the E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx (also called Atrogin-1)...

Protein catabolism should be reduced and protein synthesis promoted with parenteral nutrion (PN). Amino acid (AA) solutions should always be infused with PN. Standard AA solutions are generally used, whereas specially adapted AA solutions may be required in certain conditions such as severe disorders of AA utilisation or in inborn errors of AA metabolism. An AA intake of 0.8 g/kg/day is generally recommended for adult patients with a normal metabolism, which may be increased to 1.2-1.5 g/kg/day, or to 2.0 or 2...

Today age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most frequent cause for legal blindness in western industrialized countries. The prevalence of this disease rises with increasing age. A multifactorial pathogenesis of AMD is postulated including genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors. The most relevant modifiable risk factor is smoking. Up to today there is no cure of this chronic disease. Prophylaxis, including a healthy diet and antioxidants as nutrional supplements for selected patients, aims to slow down the disease progression...

In 1886 a physiological laboratory was opened at the Karolinska institute in Stockholm and the same year Robert Tigerstedt was appointed as professor and head of the department. Tigerstedt started the following years physiological experiments about nutrion and he also gave a series of lectures concerning the physiological principles of nutrion. This can be seen as a stating point for the more particular investigations which was undertaken during the following decade by Tigerstedt himself and some of his students...

Barrel formation is delayed in nutritionally restricted rats. The underlying cause of such delay is yet unclear. Because barrels appear upon the arrival of somatosensory thalamo-cortical afferents and the reorientation of the dendritic arborizations of cortical spiny stellate neurons, it is likely that at least one of these processes is altered by nutritional restriction. Also, the serotoninergic afferent system has been implicated in regulating barrel segregation and growth during early postnatal life. We then evaluated the pattern of immunostaining of the serotonin transporter (SERT) and of the serotonin receptor 1B (5-HT(1B)), as well as the growth and arrival time of somatosensory thalamo-cortical afferents, to infer the contribution of these elements in the delayed formation of barrels observed in nutritionally restricted rats...

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay was originally developed as an ideal system for measuring micronuclei (MNi) however it can also be used to measure nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), nuclear buds (NBUDs), cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) and nuclear division rate. Current evidence suggests that (a) NPBs originate from dicentric chromosomes in which the centromeres have been pulled to the opposite poles of the cell at anaphase and are therefore indicative of DNA mis-repair, chromosome rearrangement or telomere end-fusions, (b) NPBs may break to form MNi, (c) the nuclear budding process is the mechanism by which cells remove amplified and/or excess DNA and is therefore a marker of gene amplification and/or altered gene dosage, (d) cell cycle checkpoint defects result in micronucleus formation and (e) hypomethylation of DNA, induced nutritionally or by inhibition of DNA methyl transferase can lead to micronucleus formation either via chromosome loss or chromosome breakage...

Genetic engineering is a powerful tool for the manipulation of cellular metabolism and the development of plant varieties with enhanced biological and nutrional functions. Several strategies are available for the in vivo modulation of enzymatic activities, allowing metabolic flux to be directed towards desired biochemical products. Such strategies include the simultaneous expression and/or suppression of multiple genes encoding rate-limiting enzymes, ectopic expression of transcription factors, and the RNA-based inhibition of catabolic enzymes...

Does leptin play a vital role in initiating puberty in female rats and can it overrule a nutrionally imposed (i.e. a 30% feed restriction, FR) delay in puberty onset? Prepubertal female rats were chronically infused for 14 days with leptin (icv or sc) or leptin-antiserum (icv) while puberty onset was monitored by means of scoring the moment of vaginal opening (VO). Median VO age was higher (35 days versus 27 days) in FR animals but leptin levels at VO were significantly decreased (1.44 +/- 0.17 ng/ml versus 2...

Gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis possesses six eukaryotic-like serine-threonine protein phosphatases. These enzymes play an important role in the cell. The response to environmental or nutrional stress conditions are controlled by three Rsb phosphatases: RsbX, RsbU and RsbP. Phosphatases are also involved in endospore formation process (SpoIIE) and sugar transport (kinase/phosphatase Hpr). Moreover in the cell there are phosphatases with still unknown function (PrpC and PrpE). Cellular processes, presented here are regulated by serine/threonine protein phosphatases and very important for bacterial survival in natural environment...

Analysis of estimation of nutrition 500 of elderly and senile patients with surgical disease at home. The diets of patients are characterised by foods rich of animal protein and carbohydrate. But a dificienny of meat, fish, dairy products frent, berries is marhed. The diets thas dificiency in rations of patients are characterized by irrational set basic food products, cannot provide daily needs for nutrients: animal protein, vitamins C, A, vitamins B group, beta-carotene and mineral element--Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Se...

Fluid transport was measured gravimetrically in vivo in the jejunum, ileum and colon of fed, fasting (four days) and undernourished (50 % of control food intake for 21 days) gerbils (Gerbillus cheesmani). The effects of luminal enterotoxin Escherichia coli STa (50 ng/ml) and luminal 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (cGMP 1 mM) on fluid transport across jejunum, ileum and colon were also assessed. Fasting and undernourishment reversed the normal basal fluid absorption measured in fed ileum and colon into secretion. Neither fasting nor undernourishment had any effect on jejunal basal fluid absorption...