Acute kidney injury

OBJECTIVES: The lack of effective COVID-19 treatments mandated the repurposing of several drugs, including antiretrovirals (ARV) and remdesivir (RDV). These compounds may induce acute kidney injuries and are not recommended in patients with poor renal function, such as kidney transplant recipients (KTx). METHODS: We reviewed the records of 42 KTx with COVID-19, some of them receiving ARV (n = 10) or RDV (n = 8) as part of the COVID-19 management. Most patients were male (71%) with a median age of 52 years and median GFR 56 mL/min and had mild (36%), moderate (19%), severe (31%), and critical (12%) disease...

Oxidative stress promotes acute kidney injury (AKI). Higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol are associated with less AKI. To test the hypothesis that HDL antioxidant activity is associated with AKI after cardiac surgery, we quantified HDL particle size and number, paraoxonase-1 activity, and isofuran concentrations in 75 patients who developed AKI and 75 matched control patients. Higher preoperative concentrations of HDL particles were associated with lower odds of AKI (OR: 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.91; p=0.001), higher paraoxonase-1 activity (R=0...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to prospectively investigate the influence of ADRB and COMT gene polymorphisms on postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 223 patients undergoing elective cardiac valve surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Demographic information, intraoperative data, postoperative data, and blood samples were collected. Patients were genotyped for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADRB1 rs1801253, ADRB2 rs1042713, and COMT rs4680...

OBJECTIVE: Hemolysis, characterized by formation of free hemoglobin (Hb), occurs in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, there is no study of the dynamic changes in red blood cell (RBC)-derived exosomes (Exos) released during CPB, nor whether these particles mediate acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS: This study is a comprehensive time-course analysis, at baseline, 30 minutes, to 24 hours post-crossclamp release (XCR) to determine (1) Exos Hb content; (2) free Hb/heme, haptoglobin, hemopexin; and (3) urinary markers of AKI over the same time period...

Roles of the renin-angiotensin system in autophagy and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the kidney have not been fully characterized. Here we examined the hypothesis that modest activation of the angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor upregulates autophagy and increases renal tolerance to I/R injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to treatment with a vehicle or a non-pressor dose of Ang II (200 ng/kg/min) for 72 h before 30-min renal I/R. LC3-immunohistochemistry showed that Ang II treatment increased autophagosomes in proximal tubular cells by 2...

Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is the most common complication in hospitalized and critically ill patients, highlighted by a rapid decline of kidney function occurring a few hours or days after sepsis onset. Systemic inflammation elicited by microbial infections is believed to lead to kidney damage under immunocompromised conditions. However, although AKI has been recognized as a disease with long-term sequelae, partly because of the associated higher risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the understanding of kidney pathophysiology at the molecular level and the global view of dynamic regulations in situ after S-AKI, including the transition to CKD, remains limited...

BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to describe seasonal trends of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its relationship with weather conditions in a hospitalized population. METHODS: We retrospectively collected demographic (age, sex), clinical (ICD-9-CM codes of diagnosis discharge) and laboratory data (creatinine values) from the inpatient population admitted to Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS between January 2010 and December 2014 with inclusion of all patients ≥18 years with at least two values available for creatinine...

AIM: Determine 1) frequency and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in the Therapeutic Hypothermia after Pediatric Cardiac Arrest In-Hospital (THAPCA-IH) trial and associated outcomes; 2) impact of temperature management on post-IHCA AKI. METHODS: Secondary analysis of THAPCA-IH; a randomized controlled multi-national trial at 37 children's hospitals. ELIGIBILITY: Serum creatinine (Cr) within 24 h of randomization...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Emerging studies have revealed the mechanism of microRNAs (miRNAs) in acute kidney injury (AKI). However, almost no research focuses on miR-183-3p in AKI. Therefore, this study is started to explore the potential role of miR-183-3p from the perspective of Sirtuin (SIRT1)/forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a)/p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) in AKI. METHODS: AKI rat models were established. miR-183-3p, SIRT1, deacetylated FOXO3a and PUMA expression in AKI were detected...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical problem with no definitive or specific treatment. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of AKI must be elicited to develop novel treatments. Nuciferine, a major bioactive compound isolated from the lotus leaf, possesses extensive pharmacological activities. Its effect on folic acid (FA)-induced AKI, however, remains unknown. Here we aimed to clarify the pharmacological effects of nuciferine and underlying mechanisms in AKI...

Digoxin is commonly prescribed for heart failure and atrial fibrillation, but there is limited data on its safety in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We conducted a population-based cohort study using the pre-end stage renal disease (ESRD) care program registry and the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Of advanced CKD patient cohort (N = 31,933), we identified the digoxin user group (N = 400) matched with age and sex non-user group (N = 2,220). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards and sub-distribution hazards models were used to evaluate the association between digoxin use and the risk of death, cardiovascular events (acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, or hemorrhagic stroke) and renal outcomes (ESRD, rapid decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate-eGFR, or acute kidney injury)...

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Sepsis is a dynamic state that progresses at variable rates and has life-threatening consequences. Staging patients along the sepsis timeline requires a thorough knowledge of the evolution of cellular and molecular events at the tissue level. Here, we investigated the kidney, an organ central to the pathophysiology of sepsis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing in a murine endotoxemia model revealed the involvement of various cell populations to be temporally organized and highly orchestrated. Endothelial and stromal cells were the first responders...

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in December 2019 and has affected millions of lives worldwide, while many aspects of the illness are still unknown. Current data show that many hospitalized COVID-19 patients suffer from kidney damage, in the form of proteinuria, hematuria or acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is especially prevalent among severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients and is a predictor of mortality. The pathophysiology of AKI in COVID-19 is unclear...

Metabolism reprogramming influences the severity of organ dysfunction, progression to fibrosis, and development of disease in acute kidney injury (AKI). Previously we showed that inhibition of aerobic glycolysis improved survival rates and protected septic mice from kidney injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, it was revealed that sepsis or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhanced aerobic glycolysis as evidenced by increased lactate production and upregulated mRNA expression of glycolysis‑related genes in kidney tissues and human renal tubular epithelial (HK‑2) cells...

Vitamin K‑dependent proteins (VKDPs) are a group of proteins that need vitamin K to conduct carboxylation. Thus far, scholars have identified a total of 17 VKDPs in the human body. In this review, we summarize three important emerging VKDPs: Growth arrest‑specific protein 6 (Gas 6), Gla‑rich protein (GRP) and periostin in terms of their functions in physiological and pathological conditions. As examples, carboxylated Gas 6 and GRP effectively protect blood vessels from calcification, Gas 6 protects from acute kidney injury and is involved in chronic kidney disease, GRP contributes to bone homeostasis and delays the progression of osteoarthritis, and periostin is involved in all phases of fracture healing and assists myocardial regeneration in the early stages of myocardial infarction...

BACKGROUND: A systemic inflammatory response is observed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, are associated with severe disease in bacterial or viral infections. We aimed to explore associations between CRP concentration at initial hospital presentation and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive adults aged ≥18 years with COVID-19 admitted to a large New York healthcare system between 1 March and 8 April 2020 were identified...

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) was reported by the World Health Organization in December 2019, and since then it has progressed into a worldwide pandemic, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 and elevated liver chemistries are seen in up to 50% of infected patients. Recent reports have suggested a high mortality rate for COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing liver disease, having an associated mortality of 39.8%. Alcoholic liver disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in New Mexico (USA), and we report here the clinical course and characteristics of three cases of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis who were admitted to our hospital with COVID-19...

Since December 2019, the pneumonia cases infected with 2019 novel coronavirus have appeared, posing a critical threat to global health. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to discover the different clinical characteristics between severe and non-severe patients with COVID-19 to find the potential risk factors and predictors of this disease's severity, as well as to serve as a guidance for subsequent epidemic prevention and control work. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase and other databases were searched to collect studies on the difference of clinical characteristics of severe and non-severe patients...

BACKGROUND: To study the risk factors and outcomes of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 202 neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (Bell stage >IIa) from 2013 to 2018. AKI was defined as per-modified neonatal Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were compared between neonates without severe AKI (stage 0 and 1 AKI) and those with severe AKI (stage 2 and 3 AKI)...