Ulcerative colitis

BACKGROUND: Pharmacovigilance risk signals have proposed a relationship between the use of acid-suppressive medications and the development of certain autoimmune and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVE: A systematic review and a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS: We reviewed MEDLINE (Ovid) and Scopus for comparative observational studies between these diseases and previous exposure to proton-pump inhibitors (PPI), H2-receptor antagonists (H2RA), and antacids...

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The accumulation and sustained release of drugs in the colonic inflammatory region are the favorable strategy for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, we developed a synergistic anti-inflammatory drug (quercetin/EGCG)-loaded micelle using hydrolytic quinoa protein (HQP) and cationic lotus root starch (CLRS) by a layer-by-layer assembly method. The encapsulation efficiency of quercetin and EGCG in the Que-HQP-EGCG-CLRS micelles reached 91.5 and 89.4%, respectively. This composite micelle exhibited a core-shell structure, where Que-HQP-EGCG was the core and CLRS was the coating shell...

Pectic polysaccharides (PP) could exert functions on ulcerative colitis (UC), which is classified as a non-specific inflammatory disorder. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of PP derived from Rauwolfia in UC. Firstly, the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse colitis models and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated colonic epithelial cell (YAMC) models were established and treated with PP. Subsequently, the effects of PP on mucosal damages in DSS mice were detected, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, pyroptosis-related factors, oxidative stress-related markers, and the tight junction-related proteins in the tissues or cells were examined, and the results suggested that PP ameliorated colonic mucosal damages and cell pyroptosis in DSS mice, and limited colonic epithelial cell pyroptosis in vitro UC models...

NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? What is the role of mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2/Mrgprb2) in ulcerative colitis in relation to the intestinal flora, intestinal barrier and immune response? What is the main finding and its importance? Knockout of mouse Mrgprb2 aggravates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, which is associated with altered gut microbiota and immune response and disruption of the intestinal barrier. MRGPRB2 may have a protective effect on DSS-induced colitis...

INTRODUCTION: Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) have been reported to co-occur with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the exact pathogenic mechanisms of their occurrence remain elusive. In this article, we aim to describe two cases of UC patients who developed refractory HES and ITP and elaborate on their potential pathogenesis. CASE STUDY: We report two middle-aged patients diagnosed with UC. The first patient developed HES that was refractory to conventional medical therapy of idiopathic HES, and the second developed refractory ITP that failed steroid and immunosuppressive therapy...

Immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are a heterogeneous group of debilitating, multifactorial and unrelated conditions featured by a dysregulated immune response leading to destructive chronic inflammation. The immune dysregulation can affect various organ systems: gut (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease), joints (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), skin (e.g., psoriasis, atopic dermatitis), resulting in significant morbidity, reduced quality of life, increased risk for comorbidities, and premature death. As there are no reliable disease progression and therapy response biomarkers currently available, it is very hard to predict how the disease will develop and which treatments will be effective in a given patient...

The characteristic of ulcerative colitis (UC) is extensive colonic mucosal inflammation. Moringa oleifera ( M. oleifera ) is a medicine food homology plant, and the polysaccharide from M. oleifera leaves (MOLP) exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study to investigate the potential effect of MOLP on UC in a mouse model as well as the underlying mechanism. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 4% in drinking water was given for 7 days to mice with UC, at the same time, MOLP (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day) was intragastric administered once daily during the experiment...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory disease that occurs in the intestinal tract. It is mainly divided into two subtypes, i.e., the Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). At present, its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, but it has been generally believed that the environment, immune disorders, genetic susceptibility, and intestinal microbes are the main factors for the disease pathogenesis. With the development of the sequencing technology, microbial factors have received more and more attention...

PURPOSE: Systemic levels of the adipokine chemerin are elevated in different inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In IBD, chemerin protein expression in colon mucosa is induced and serum chemerin levels are increased. Aim of this study was to identify chemerin protein in human feces and/or urine and to evaluate a possible association with IBD activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Feces and urine of 40 patients with IBD and the respective sera of 34 patients were collected...

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Although the actual etiology of IBD remains unclear, growing evidence suggests that CD4+ T cells-associated cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-17A, are crucial for the occurrence of IBD. It has been reported that there is a positive association between miRNAs and IBD development. In this study, we investigated the roles of hsa-miRNA-374b-5p(miRNA-374b-5p) and hsa-miRNA-106a-5p(miRNA-106a-5p) in regulating IBD development...

Why inflammation is common in ileal pouches with ulcerative colitis (UC) is unclear. We therefore clarified the morphological changes in pouches and afferent limbs (AL) of patients with UC and explored the relationship between these findings. We evaluated the morphological findings (histological and endoscopic inflammation as the Pouchitis Disease Activity Index [PDAI] histology subscore [hPDAI] and endoscopy subscore [ePDAI], inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]-specific findings using the IBD score [SIBD ], colonic metaplasia using the colonic metaplasia score [CMS], and goblet cell [GC] ratio) in the pouch and AL of patients with UC...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Klebsiella pneumoniae (KLP), a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the family of Enterobacteriaceae, is a common cause of antimicrobial-resistant opportunistic infections in hospitalized patients. KLP can colonize in human gastrointestinal tract, especially in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, effects of KLP on the onset and development of IBD remain unclear. METHODS: We analyzed the relationship between Mayo indexes of ulcerative colitis and KLP using qRT-PCR and endoscopy...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory condition that debilitate the quality of life. Multimorbidity, a concept only beginning to emerge in IBD, is defined as two or more comorbidities present in the same individual. Notably, we used the term multimorbidity to refer to two or more comorbidities excluding IBD. Multimorbidity is linked to decreased quality of life, poorer disease outcomes, increased hospitalizations, healthcare costs and polypharmacy complications...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a kind of chronic inflammation that occurs in gastrointestinal tract, including Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Although UC and CD are associated with intestinal inflammation and epithelial damage, they are quite different. The etiology of IBD has not been fully determined, but there is extensive evidence that its pathogenesis involves environmental, genetic, immune and microbial factors. The diagnosis and treatment of IBD is challenging due to its recurrent episodes and complex evolution...

BACKGROUND: Pulsatilla decoction (Bai-Tou-Weng-Tang, BTWT) is a classic formula prescription of a traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). However, its active components and underlying mechanism of action remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to identify potential immunomodulators from BTWT that act at therapeutic targets for UC. METHODS: The protective effects of BTWT granules were examined in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium...

BACKGROUND: Colorectal carcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation is a rare subtype of colorectal carcinomas expressing at least one characteristic immunohistochemical marker among α-fetoprotein, glypican-3, and spalt-like transcription factor 4. On the other hand, colorectal carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation is also a unique subtype of colorectal carcinomas showing expression of at least one distinctive marker among chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and CD56. CASE PRESENTATION: We experienced an extremely rare case of rectal carcinoma with dual differentiation toward enteroblastic and neuroendocrine features in a 53-year-old male patient with long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC)...

BACKGROUND: Food polysaccharide 1,3-β-D-glucan (OBG) has been shown to alleviate ulcerative colitis (UC) in a mouse model, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to study potential mechanisms involving interactions among gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and host metabolic function. RESULTS: OBG alleviated colonic inflammation, barrier dysfunction, intestinal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in mice with UC. In addition, the relative abundances of Muribaculaceae, Alistipes, Erysipelatoclostridium, and Blautia increased, while the abundances of Proteus, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcus decreased within the gut microbiota upon OBG treatment...

BACKGROUND: The use of immune-modifying biological agents has markedly changed the clinical course and the management of Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Active post-marketing surveillance programs are fundamental to early recognize expected and unexpected adverse events (AEs), representing a powerful tool to better determine the safety profiles of biologics in a real-world setting. METHODS: This study aimed to identify the occurrence of AEs and therapeutic failures linked to biological drugs used in gastroenterology units during a prospective pharmacovigilance program in Southern Italy...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; its burden has significantly increased in recent decades, with 6.8 million cases of IBD reported in 2017 according to the Global Burden of Disease study [...].