osteogenesis renal

Osteoblast activating peptide (OBAP) is a newly discovered peptide detected in the rat stomach, which has a major role in osteogenesis. Recently, we revealed its localization in the parietal cells of the rat stomach. There have been no data regarding OBAP expression in the kidney, despite its role in calcium reabsorption in renal tubules. The current study aimed to inspect the expression of OBAP in the kidney of twelve 10-week-old male C3H/HeNJc1 mice using immunohistochemistry, and immunoelectron microscopic localization...

In the last decade, there have been a number of significant advances made in the field of rare bone diseases. In this review, we discuss the expansion of the classification system for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and the resultant increase in therapeutic options available for management of OI. Bisphosphonates remain the most widely used intervention for OI, although the effect on fracture rate reduction is equivocal. We review the other therapies showing promising results, including denosumab, teriparatide, sclerostin, transforming growth factor β inhibition and gene targeted approaches...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Several bone disorders affecting the skeleton often are manifest in the maxillofacial region. This review presents the most common bone disorders in children and their dental-oral manifestations: fibrous dysplasia, Paget's disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, renal osteodystrophy, hypophosphatasia, and osteoporosis. The specific intraoral characteristics will reviewed in detail. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies confirmed the close relationship between the mandible and the maxilla with the most prevalent systemic bone disorders in children...

To improve definition of the physical and hormonal support of bone formation, we studied differentiation of human osteoblasts in vitro at varying combinations of ACTH, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D), and extracellular calcium, with and without added cortisol. Bone mineralization, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteoblast-specific markers RunX2, osterix, and collagen I increased with 10 pM ACTH, 10 nM 1,25(OH)2 D, or at 2 mM calcium with important synergistic activity of combinations of any of these stimuli...

PURPOSE: Treatment of renal calculi in patients with severe skeletal deformities can be challenging. We present our experience in order to provide an assessment of technical difficulties, associated complications, and outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) as a treatment option in this special patient group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included eight patients treated with PCNL for renal stones. All had severe skeletal deformities including six with severe kyphoscoliosis, one with osteogenesis imperfecta, and another withrickets...

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The components of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are expressed in the kidney and bone. Kidney disease and bone injury are common complications associated with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, on the kidney and bone of db/db mice. The db/db mice were orally administered by gavage with captopril for 8weeks with db/+ mice as the non-diabetic control. Serum and urine biochemistries were determined by standard colorimetric methods or ELISA...

De novo expression in the kidney of periostin, a protein involved in odontogenesis and osteogenesis, has been suggested as a biomarker of renal disease. In this study, we investigated the mechanism(s) of induction and the role of periostin in renal disease. Using a combination of bioinformatics, reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses, we found that NF κ B and other proinflammatory transcription factors induce periostin expression in vitro and that binding of these factors on the periostin promoter is enriched in glomeruli during experimental GN...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Determine predictive patient characteristics that guide the decision to proceed with surgical management of tongue-based airway obstruction (TBAO) in Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) patients. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of PRS patients between 2005 and 2014 requiring observation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: Patient charts were reviewed for prenatal diagnoses, clinical course, and need for surgical intervention (tracheotomy or mandibular distraction osteogenesis), and the nonsurgical and surgical group were compared with a logistic regression model...

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT), after its first medical application in the urological field for lithotripsy, nowadays represents a valid therapeutical tool also for many musculoskeletal diseases, as well as for regenerative medicine applications. This is possible thanks to its mechanisms of action, which in the non-urological field are not related to mechanical disruption (as for renal stones), but rather to the capacity, by mechanotransduction, to induce neoangiogenesis, osteogenesis and to improve local tissue trophism, regeneration and remodeling, through stem cell stimulation...

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) scaffolds are unsuccessful in many clinical applications due to a high incidence of postoperative infection. The objective of this work is to fabricate GBR with an anti-infective electrospun scaffold by ornamenting segmented polyurethane (SPU) with two-dimensional Aloe vera wrapped mesoporous hydroxyapatite (Al-mHA) nanorods. The antimicrobial characteristic of the scaffold has been retrieved from the prepared Al-mHA frame with high aspect ratio (∼14.2) via biosynthesis route using Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) extract...

INTRODUCTION: The feasibility, safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients with spinal deformities were evaluated and the results of a single centre experience were reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between July 1999 and December 2014, 16 patients with spinal deformities underwent PCNL. The anomalies included 5 cases with kyphoscoliosis, 4 with post-polio syndrome, 3 with osteogenesis imperfecta, 3 with myotonic dystrophy, and 1 with ankylosing spondylitis...

This report focused on translational research presented in ASBMR 2015 held in Seattle, WA in October 2015. Comorbidity with chronic diseases such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease and the relationship between skeletal and extraskeltal tissues give us more complexed pathophysiological issues to be clarified in superaged society.

Periostin is a highly conserved matricellular protein that shares close homology with the insect cell adhesion molecule fasciclin 1. Periostin is expressed in a broad range of tissues including the skeleton, where it serves both as a structural molecule of the bone matrix and a signaling molecule through integrin receptors and Wnt-beta-catenin pathways whereby it stimulates osteoblast functions and bone formation. The development of periostin null mice has allowed to elucidate the crucial role of periostin on dentinogenesis and osteogenesis, as well as on the skeletal response to mechanical loading and parathyroid hormone...

Patients with Zellweger Spectrum Disorders (ZSDs) have impaired peroxisome biogenesis and severe, multisystem disease. Although the neurologic symptoms of ZSD tend to be the most prominent, patients also have hepatic, renal and adrenal impairment. Little is known about bone health in patients with ZSD, particularly those with mild or moderate presentation. We investigated 13 ZSD patients who had strikingly abnormal bone mineral density for age. DXA scans showed mean lumbar and femoral neck Z-scores of -3.2...

Recently the clinical application of bone turnover markers (BTMs) have been achieved significant progress and the measurements of these indices give us better understanding of pathogenesis of osteoporosis. BTMs are known the bone formation marker, the bone resorption marker and the bone matrix-related marker, respectively. In the Guidelines for the Use of Bone Metabolic Markers in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis (2012 Edition) from publishing Japan Osteoporosis Society Committee, the newly and commonly BTMs were considered to give the normal reference value in Japanese people, the influence of renal function on BTMs...

The biologically active form of vitamin D₃, calcitriol (1,25-(OH)₂D₃), plays a key role in mineral homeostasis and bone formation and dietary vitamin D₃deficiency is a major cause of bone disorders in poultry. Supplementary dietary cholecalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25-OH), the precursor of calcitriol, is commonly employed to combat this problem; however, dosage must be carefully determined as excess dietary vitamin D can cause toxicity resulting in a decrease in bone calcification, hypercalcinemia and renal failure...

Intravenous pamidronate is widely used to treat children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). In a well-studied protocol ('standard protocol'), pamidronate is given at a daily dose of 1 mg per kg body weight over 4 h on 3 successive days; infusion cycles are repeated every 4 months. Here, we evaluated renal safety of a simpler protocol for intravenous pamidronate infusions (2 mg per kg body weight given in a single infusion over 2 h, repeated every 4 months; 'modified protocol'). Results of 18 patients with OI types I, III, or IV treated with the modified protocol for 12 months were compared to 18 historic controls, treated with standard protocol...

Vascular calcification (VC) is a critical complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The effects of spironolactone (SPL), a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist, on VC have not been fully investigated in CKD. The present in vivo study determined the protective effects of SPL on VC in CKD rats. Rats were divided into a control group and four groups of rats with adenine-induced CKD. Three groups were treated with 0, 50, and 100 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) SPL for 8 wk, and one group was treated with 100 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) SPL for the last 2 wk of the 8-wk treatment period...

Vascular calcification is a complex process and has been associated with aging, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although there have been several studies that examine the role of miRNAs (miRs) in bone osteogenesis, little is known about the role of miRs in vascular calcification and their role in the pathogenesis of vascular abnormalities. Matrix vesicles (MV) are known to play in important role in initiating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification. In the present study, we performed miRNA microarray analysis to identify the dysregulated miRs between MV and VSMC derived from CKD rats to understand the role of post-transcriptional regulatory networks governed by these miRNAs in vascular calcification and to uncover the differential miRNA content of MV...