MRI pelvis

Multi-parametric MRI of the body is routinely acquired for the identification of abnormalities and diagnosis of diseases. However, a standard naming convention for the MRI protocols and associated sequences does not exist due to wide variations in imaging practice at institutions and myriad MRI scanners from various manufacturers being used for imaging. The intensity distributions of MRI sequences differ widely as a result, and there also exists information conflicts related to the sequence type in the DICOM headers...

INTRODUCTION: Gastric duplication cyst (GDC) is a rare congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. Though GDC is often misdiagnosed, misidentification as an adrenal cyst has rarely been reported. Herein, we report a case of GDC in a young female mimicking an adrenal cyst. CASE PRESENTATION: A 17-year-old female presented with chronic epigastric pain, nausea, and intermittent vomiting. Physical examinations revealed mild tenderness in the epigastric region...

An 18-year-old male subject was referred to our MRI scanning center, by an orthopedic surgeon, for a swelling over the plantar region of the foot. He had been in a motor vehicle accident a few weeks back, with no evidence of fracture at the time of injury. In subsequent weeks, he developed a swelling over his foot. MRI showed the presence of a fluid intensity lesion in the subdermal and dermal layers of his foot. Unguarded motor vehicle accidents often tend to cause severe injuries. Sometimes, they even need operative management since a motor vehicle collision is a high-impact accident...

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of myocardial infarction in young women. An association of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) with SCAD has been well established; a significant proportion of SCAD patients may have typical FMD findings in other noncoronary arteries. The current consensus recommends arterial imaging screening from head to pelvis using computed tomography angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in SCAD. Genetic testing for FMD should be considered in high-risk cases...

Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix develops mainly in young women. As metastases rarely occur, cervical conization to preserve fertility is often performed. We report a case of peritoneal recurrence developed after conization. A 31-year-old nulligravid woman with microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix was treated with laser conization. Pathology showed a stromal invasion of <1 mm and a longitudinal spread of 3 mm without lymphovascular space involvement. Forty-seven months after conization, a pelvic examination revealed a firm, immobile mass on the right side of the pelvis...

Musculoskeletal hydatid disease is rare and can be located anywhere but most commonly the bone and muscles of the spine, pelvis, then the lower limbs. Imaging is essential for its diagnosis, performing the pre-therapeutic assessment, guiding possible percutaneous treatments, and providing post-therapeutic follow-up. Musculoskeletal hydatidosis can take several forms that may suggest other infections and tumors or pseudotumors. MRI and CT are superior for its diagnosis but ultrasound and radiography remain the most accessible examinations in developing countries where this parasitosis is endemic...

An infected (mycotic) aneurysm of the visceral arteries is an uncommon entity, which may arise from a secondary infection of a preexisting aneurysm or be due to degeneration from a primary infection. Mycotic aneurysms require prompt recognition and definitive treatment; otherwise, there can be devastating morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a 51-year-old female with HIV and Crohn's disease who presented with subacute abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting and was found to have an ultimately fatal mycotic aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery...

BACKGROUND: Giant congenital biliary dilation (CBD) is a rare condition observed in clinical practice. Infants born with this condition often experience a poor overall health status, and the disease progresses rapidly, leading to severe biliary obstruction, infections, pressure exerted by the enlarged CBD on abdominal organs, disturbances in the internal environment, and multiple organ dysfunction. The treatment of giant CBD using laparoscopy is challenging due to the high degree of variation in the shape of the bile duct and other organs, making it difficult to separate the bile duct wall from adjacent tissues or to control bleeding...

Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are used to predict prognosis, few reports have applied artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for this purpose. We aimed to analyze whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI data using three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM), an explainable AI, to predict prognosis and explore the factors involved in prediction. We retrospectively analyzed the MRI data of a total of 142 patients with MM obtained from two medical centers...

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance (MR)-guided ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy with whole-pelvic irradiation (UHF-WPRT) is a novel approach to radiotherapy for patients with high-risk (HR) and very high-risk (VHR) prostate cancer (PCa). However, the inherent complexity of adaptive UHF-WPRT might inevitably result in longer on-couch time. We aimed to estimate the delivered dose, study the feasibility and safety of adaptive UHF-WPRT on a 1.5-Tesla MR-Linac. METHODS: Ten patients with clinical stage T3a-4N0-1M0-1c PCa, who consecutively received UHF-WPRT, were enrolled prospectively...

The purpose of this review is to increase awareness about the evolution and development of current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs). ABCs are benign, but locally aggressive bone tumors that mainly affect children. ABCs comprise 1% of all primary bone tumors and occur most frequently during the first two decades of life. The diagnosis is made using a variety of imaging modalities and has the characteristic features of an expansile, radiolucent lesion that is often seen in the metaphyseal region of the bone and has fluid-fluid levels that are apparent on MRI...

The co-occurrence of Thrombocytopenia with Absent Radius (TAR) syndrome and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is exceedingly rare, with scant documentation in existing medical literature. This case report aims to shed light on this unique intersection of conditions, emphasizing the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges it presents. A 27-year-old female with a history of TAR syndrome presented with microcytic anemia, hip pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Terminal ileum intubation during colonoscopy revealed superficial ulcerations, leading to a biopsy that confirmed LCH...

BACKGROUND: Radiographic imaging of abdomen and pelvis plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of ileal pouch disorders with modalities including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, contrasted pouchography, and defecography. OBJECTIVES: A systematic review of the literature was performed and applications of cross-sectional imaging, pouchography, defecography, and ultrasonography are described. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane database...

BACKGROUND: The MRI-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score is an assessment tool for bone mineral density (BMD) that has been validated in adults against the clinical standard of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). However, VBQ has yet to be validated against DEXA for use in adolescents. This study evaluated the associations between adolescent VBQ scores, DEXA Z-scores, and BMD values. METHODS: The radiographic records of 63 consecutive patients between the ages of 11 and 21 who underwent MRI of the abdomen and pelvis and DEXA of the spine and hip were retrieved...

PURPOSE: Conversion of a fused hip to a total hip arthroplasty (THA) is technically challenging due to the loss of anatomical references. Here, a reproducible technique using the direct anterior approach (DAA) with a regular surgical table under fluoroscopic guidance is described, which has several advantages over traditional such as lateral or posterior approaches. METHODS: There were reported 11 cases of ankylosis hip that were converted to THA using the same surgical technique protocol...

Desmoplastic small round cell tumors (DSRCT) are very rare and aggressive diseases typically present with abdominal or retroperitoneal masses. We present a case of a young female who presented with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and cardiac tamponade and who was found to have DSRCT. The patient was coded at the emergency department. Left heart catheterization showed normal coronary arteries, and pericardiocentesis removed 1,260 mL of bloody pericardial effusions. The patient was stabilized, and a positron emission tomography scan revealed left intrahilar, hilar, and cardiophrenic masses with associated hypermetabolic right hilar, left hilar, subcarinal, costophrenic, aortopulmonary, paratracheal, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy...

The use of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is not well studied or reported in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies, despite its success in the definitive management of other cancer sites. This report describes a rigorous quality assurance process for patients to undergo dose escalation to the pelvis via stereotactic photon beam irradiation. Patients who receive SBRT must be ineligible for conventional brachytherapy boost and undergo comprehensive informed consent. Fiducial placement, bowel prep, Foley catheter placement with standardized bladder filling, computerized tomography (CT) simulation with whole-body immobilization, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-assisted target delineation, planning aims based on the established brachytherapy literature, and physics consultation for SBRT plan optimization are necessary...

Thyroid cancer in ectopic thyroid tissue is a very rare entity. We report a patient with papillary thyroid cancer arising from upper mediastinal ectopic thyroid tissue. The patient presented with thoracic spine metastasis with cord compression. The patient was a 67-year-old woman, who presented with upper back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed suspected metastatic disease in the second and third thoracic vertebrae (T2 and T3). She underwent laminectomy and decompression surgery at the T1-T3 level...

BACKGROUND: Anal cancers are uncommon neoplasms that make up to <1% of all tumours globally. Concurrent chemoradiation remains the standard of care treatment for patients who present with non-metastatic anal squamous cell carcinomas (ASCCs). METHODS: We aimed to evaluate the response rate and 2-year survival outcome of the definitive chemoradiation approach in patients with non-metastatic ASCCs of our population. We conducted a cross-sectional review of these patient populations who were treated and then followed after completion of treatment at our institute during the last 10 years...

BACKGROUND: MRI-based synthetic CT (sCT) generates CT-like images from MRI data. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate equivalence, inter- and intraobserver reliability, and image quality of sCT compared to conventional (cCT) for assessing hip morphology and maturity in pediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively enrolled patients <21 years old with cCT and 3T MRI of the hips/pelvis. A dual-echo gradient-echo sequence was used to generate sCT via a commercially available post-processing software (BoneMRI v1...