Leukemia

MiR-155 is involved in various physiological processes in the cell, including hematopoiesis, immunity, inflammation and differentiation. Increased expression of miR-155 is observed in many malignant diseases, including lymphomas, acute myeloid leukemia and CLL. However, a comparative study of the miR-155 expression in the blood leukocytes in patients with chronic myeloid and lymphoproliferative diseases has not yet been carried out. To investigate the expression of miR-155 in the blood cells of patients with lympho- and ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms...

Despite the availability of guidelines for the management of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), various issues may prevent their successful implementation. The TARGET survey examined real-world management of CML patients compared with international recommendations. This online survey was completed in 2017. Results were discussed by a Steering Committee (SC) of eight international haematologists, challenges were identified and practical solutions developed. Of the 1008 haematologists invited (33 countries), 614 completed the survey...

INTRODUCTION: Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the major components of the tumor microenvironment. The accumulation of MDSCs has been demonstrated in many types of human solid tumors. However, the relevance of this heterogeneous population in hematopoietic malignancies has only recently gained stronger attention. MDSCs are a phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous group of cells. The results of recent studies indicate that the immune dysregulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) affects a monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) subpopulation...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Acute varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection is a common condition in children, which is considered a mild, self-limited disease with diffuse skin vesicular rash. However, disseminated VZV infection with multiple organ involvement can occur in immunocompromised patients with impaired T cell immunity including solid or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, receiving immunosuppressive therapy, leukemia, lymphoma, and HIV infection. Prompt antiviral therapy is mandatory in those immunocompromised persons...

Although most cases of acute pancreatitis are attributed to alcohol and gallstones, acute pancreatitis can be a presenting feature or complication of a viral etiology (influenza). We report a rare case of acute pancreatitis secondary to H1N1 influenza A virus in the setting of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The typical flu-like respiratory illness usually observed with influenza was absent preceding the episode of pancreatitis owing to the different antigenic properties of influenza A (compared to influenza B) and an underlying immunocompromised state...

The impact of the highly polymorphic Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor ( KIR ) gene cluster on the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCST) is subject of current research. To further understand the involvement of this gene family into Natural Killer (NK) cell-mediated graft-versus-leukemia reactions, knowledge of haplotype structures, and allelic linkage is of importance. In this analysis, we estimate population-specific KIR haplotype frequencies at allele group resolution in a cohort of n = 458 German families...

Protein-protein interactions are key to define the function of nucleotide binding domain (NBD) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family, pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 12 (NLRP12). cDNA encoding the human PYD + NBD of NLRP12 was used as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen with a human leukocyte cDNA library as prey. Hematopoiesis cell kinase (HCK), a member of the c-SRC family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, was among the top hits. The C-terminal 40 amino acids of HCK selectively bound to NLRP12's PYD + NBD, but not to that of NLRP3 and NLRP8...

BACKGROUND: A number of studies have reported on associations between reproductive factors, such as delivery methods, number of birth and breastfeeding, and incidence of cancer in children, but systematic reviews addressing this issue to date have important limitations, and no reviews have addressed the impact of reproductive factors on cancer over the full life course of offspring. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search in MEDLINE, and Embase up to January 2020 and Web of Science up to 2018 July, including cohort studies reporting the association between maternal reproductive factors of age at birth, birth order, number of births, delivery methods, and breastfeeding duration and cancer in children...

Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type γ (PTPRG) is a tumor suppressor gene, down-regulated in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) cells by the hypermethylation of its promoter region. β-catenin (CTNNB1) is a critical regulator of Leukemic Stem Cells (LSC) maintenance and CML proliferation. This study aims to demonstrate the antagonistic regulation between β-catenin and PTPRG in CML cells. The specific inhibition of PTPRG increases the activation state of BCR-ABL1 and modulates the expression of the BCR-ABL1- downstream gene β-Catenin...

The CD38 antigen is expressed in several hematological malignancies, and the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies Daratumumab and Isatuximab have an established role in the therapy of multiple myeloma. However, data on the therapeutic utility of CD38 targeting in other lymphoid malignancies are limited. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the prognostic significance of CD38 expression is well accepted, and preclinical studies on the use of Daratumumab in monotherapy or combination therapy have demonstrated considerable efficacy...

Acute leukemia represents the most common pediatric malignancy comprising diverse subtypes with varying prognosis and treatment outcomes. New and targeted treatment options are warranted for this disease. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are increasingly being used for preclinical testing of novel treatment modalities. A novel approach involving targeted error-corrected RNA sequencing using ArcherDX HemeV2 kit was employed to compare 25 primary pediatric acute leukemia samples and their corresponding PDX samples...

CASE: We report a patient with hypereosinophilia-associated massive osteolytic lesion of the sacrum who was admitted to our hospital. Genetic analysis revealed that atypical eosinophilic cells were positive for FIP1-like-1-platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (FIP1L1-PDGFRA) fusion gene. Treatment was initiated with oral administration of imatinib mesylate. The patient responded rapidly to this medication with a marked reduction in eosinophilia both from the peripheral blood and FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene in the bone marrow within 2 weeks, followed by gradual osteosclerotic repair of the sacrum...

A 46-year-old female patient underwent a cord blood transplantation (conditioning regimen: fludarabine/busulfan4/melphalan80; graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis: tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with her 1st hematological complete response to induction therapy (idarubicin 3 days+cytarabine 7 days). She lost her consciousness due to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) encephalitis on day 31, and therefore, we increased the foscarnet dosage (from 120 mg/kg to 180 mg/kg). Her consciousness level improved after treatment...

A 54-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a human leukocyte antigen-matched unrelated donor in nonremission status. Bone marrow aspiration performed on day 14 showed that the patient had achieved complete remission; however, he relapsed on day 28. The patient developed a wet cough, and chest computed tomography performed on day 27 revealed pneumonia. Because pneumonia developed along with the leukemic relapse, we suspected that it was due to pulmonary leukemic infiltration (PLI)...

Richter syndrome (RS) is the development of an aggressive lymphoma in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Most cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma variant of RS are clonally related to the original CLL. Here, we present a case of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) that developed sequentially during the clinical course of CLL. A 72-year-old man had been diagnosed with CLL 16 years ago and was followed-up without treatment. He developed autoimmune hemolytic anemia 2 years ago, which resolved with rituximab and prednisolone treatment...

Development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during pregnancy is rare, and the available data are limited to small retrospective reports. Currently, no guidelines exist for the management of AML during pregnancy in Japan. A 26-year-old female was diagnosed with AML at 19 weeks of gestation, received chemotherapy with daunorubicin and cytarabine, and achieved complete remission. Following the first consolidation therapy, she gave birth to a 1964-g female infant by cesarean section at 33 weeks of gestation. One week later, she was initiated on the second consolidation therapy; however, she developed a pelvic abscess during neutropenia...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Drugs used in cancer treatment specifically kill T regulatory cells. OBJECTIVE: To determine different phenotypes of T regulatory cells during the maintenance phase chemotherapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). MATERIALS: We evaluated the percentages of regulatory T cells by flow cytometry. Soluble CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) in plasma was evaluated by ELISA assay. RESULTS: Increased percentages of CD4+CD25+ T cells, CD4+CD39+ T cells, CD4+Foxp3+ T cells, and CD4+CD25High T cells were observed in children with ALL in comparison to healthy controls...