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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benedikt Litz, Julia Sehl-Ewert, Angele Breithaupt, Anja Landmesser, Florian Pfaff, Aurore Romey, Sandra Blaise-Boisseau, Martin Beer, Michael Eschbaumer
The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) Leader proteinase Lpro inhibits host mRNA translation and blocks the interferon response which promotes viral survival. Lpro is not required for viral replication in vitro but serotype A FMDV lacking Lpro has been shown to be attenuated in cattle and pigs. However, it is not known, whether leaderless viruses can cause persistent infection in vivo after simulated natural infection and whether the attenuated phenotype is the same in other serotypes. We have generated a FMDV O/FRA/1/2001 variant lacking most of the Lpro coding region (ΔLb)...
April 29, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
#42
JOURNAL ARTICLE
He-Ran Wang, Dong Yuan, Shun-Yao Zhang, Zhong Wang, Dong-Ling Deng, L-M Duan
Quantum many-body scars are nonthermal excited eigenstates of nonintegrable Hamiltonians, which could support coherent revival dynamics from special initial states when scars form an equally spaced tower in the energy spectrum. For open quantum systems, engineering many-body scarred dynamics by a controlled coupling to the environment remains largely unexplored. Here, we provide a general framework to exactly embed quantum many-body scars into the decoherence-free subspaces of Lindblad master equations. The dissipative scarred dynamics manifest persistent periodic oscillations for generic initial states, and can be practically utilized to prepare scar states with potential quantum metrology applications...
April 12, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#43
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhanghui Wu, Xuanhe Li, Deli Peng, Quanshui Zheng
In conventional systems, the coefficient of friction (COF) is typically positive, signifying a direct relationship between frictional and normal forces. Contrary to this, we observe that the load dependence of friction exhibits a unique bell-shaped curve when studying the frictional properties between graphite and α-Al_{2}O_{3} surfaces. As the applied normal force increases, the friction initially rises and then decreases. Finite element simulations reveal this behavior is due to edge detachment at the graphite/α-Al_{2}O_{3} interface as the normal force approaches a critical value...
April 12, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#44
JOURNAL ARTICLE
B Varona-Uriarte, C Munuera-Javaloy, E Terradillos, Y Ban, A Alvarez-Gila, E Garrote, J Casanova
Quantum sensors leverage matter's quantum properties to enable measurements with unprecedented spatial and spectral resolution. Among these sensors, those utilizing nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond offer the distinct advantage of operating at room temperature. Nevertheless, signals received from NV centers are often complex, making interpretation challenging. This is especially relevant in low magnetic field scenarios, where standard approximations for modeling the system fail. Additionally, NV signals feature a prominent noise component...
April 12, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#45
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zi Hong Liu, Yuan Da Liao, Gaopei Pan, Menghan Song, Jiarui Zhao, Weilun Jiang, Chao-Ming Jian, Yi-Zhuang You, Fakher F Assaad, Zi Yang Meng, Cenke Xu
The "symmetric mass generation" (SMG) quantum phase transition discovered in recent years has attracted great interest from both condensed matter and high energy theory communities. Here, interacting Dirac fermions acquire a gap without condensing any fermion bilinear mass term or any concomitant spontaneous symmetry breaking. It is hence beyond the conventional Gross-Neveu-Yukawa-Higgs paradigm. One important question we address in this Letter is whether the SMG transition corresponds to a true unitary conformal field theory...
April 12, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#46
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R Datta, K Chandler, C E Myers, J P Chittenden, A J Crilly, C Aragon, D J Ampleford, J T Banasek, A Edens, W R Fox, S B Hansen, E C Harding, C A Jennings, H Ji, C C Kuranz, S V Lebedev, Q Looker, S G Patel, A Porwitzky, G A Shipley, D A Uzdensky, D A Yager-Elorriaga, J D Hare
We present the first experimental study of plasmoid formation in a magnetic reconnection layer undergoing rapid radiative cooling, a regime relevant to extreme astrophysical plasmas. Two exploding aluminum wire arrays, driven by the Z machine, generate a reconnection layer (S_{L}≈120) in which the cooling rate far exceeds the hydrodynamic transit rate (τ_{hydro}/τ_{cool}>100). The reconnection layer generates a transient burst of >1 keV x-ray emission, consistent with the formation and subsequent rapid cooling of the layer...
April 12, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#47
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Pucher, V Klüsener, F Spriestersbach, J Geiger, A Schindewolf, I Bloch, S Blatt
We demonstrate coherent control of the fine-structure qubit in neutral strontium atoms. This qubit is encoded in the metastable ^{3}P_{2} and ^{3}P_{0} states, coupled by a Raman transition. Using a magnetic quadrupole transition, we demonstrate coherent state initialization of this THz qubit. We show Rabi oscillations with more than 60 coherent cycles and single-qubit rotations on the μs scale. With spin echo, we demonstrate coherence times of tens of ms. Our results pave the way for fast quantum information processors and highly tunable quantum simulators with two-electron atoms...
April 12, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#48
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R Abbasi, M Ackermann, J Adams, S K Agarwalla, J A Aguilar, M Ahlers, J M Alameddine, N M Amin, K Andeen, G Anton, C Argüelles, Y Ashida, S Athanasiadou, S N Axani, X Bai, V A Balagopal, M Baricevic, S W Barwick, V Basu, R Bay, J J Beatty, J Becker Tjus, J Beise, C Bellenghi, C Benning, S BenZvi, D Berley, E Bernardini, D Z Besson, E Blaufuss, S Blot, F Bontempo, J Y Book, C Boscolo Meneguolo, S Böser, O Botner, J Böttcher, E Bourbeau, J Braun, B Brinson, J Brostean-Kaiser, R T Burley, R S Busse, D Butterfield, M A Campana, K Carloni, E G Carnie-Bronca, S Chattopadhyay, N Chau, C Chen, Z Chen, D Chirkin, S Choi, B A Clark, L Classen, A Coleman, G H Collin, A Connolly, J M Conrad, P Coppin, P Correa, D F Cowen, P Dave, C De Clercq, J J DeLaunay, D Delgado, S Deng, K Deoskar, A Desai, P Desiati, K D de Vries, G de Wasseige, T DeYoung, A Diaz, J C Díaz-Vélez, M Dittmer, A Domi, H Dujmovic, M A DuVernois, T Ehrhardt, P Eller, E Ellinger, S El Mentawi, D Elsässer, R Engel, H Erpenbeck, J Evans, P A Evenson, K L Fan, K Fang, K Farrag, A R Fazely, N Feigl, S Fiedlschuster, A T Fienberg, C Finley, L Fischer, D Fox, A Franckowiak, A Fritz, P Fürst, J Gallagher, E Ganster, A Garcia, L Gerhardt, A Ghadimi, C Glaser, T Glauch, T Glüsenkamp, N Goehlke, J G Gonzalez, S Goswami, D Grant, S J Gray, O Gries, S Griffin, S Griswold, K M Groth, C Günther, P Gutjahr, C Haack, A Hallgren, R Halliday, L Halve, F Halzen, H Hamdaoui, M Ha Minh, K Hanson, J Hardin, A A Harnisch, P Hatch, A Haungs, K Helbing, J Hellrung, F Henningsen, L Heuermann, N Heyer, S Hickford, A Hidvegi, C Hill, G C Hill, K D Hoffman, S Hori, K Hoshina, W Hou, T Huber, K Hultqvist, M Hünnefeld, R Hussain, K Hymon, S In, A Ishihara, M Jacquart, O Janik, M Jansson, G S Japaridze, M Jeong, M Jin, B J P Jones, D Kang, W Kang, X Kang, A Kappes, D Kappesser, L Kardum, T Karg, M Karl, A Karle, U Katz, M Kauer, J L Kelley, A Khatee Zathul, A Kheirandish, J Kiryluk, S R Klein, A Kochocki, R Koirala, H Kolanoski, T Kontrimas, L Köpke, C Kopper, D J Koskinen, P Koundal, M Kovacevich, M Kowalski, T Kozynets, J Krishnamoorthi, K Kruiswijk, E Krupczak, A Kumar, E Kun, N Kurahashi, N Lad, C Lagunas Gualda, M Lamoureux, M J Larson, S Latseva, F Lauber, J P Lazar, J W Lee, K Leonard DeHolton, A Leszczyńska, M Lincetto, Q R Liu, M Liubarska, E Lohfink, C Love, C J Lozano Mariscal, F Lucarelli, W Luszczak, Y Lyu, J Madsen, K B M Mahn, Y Makino, E Manao, S Mancina, W Marie Sainte, I C Mariş, S Marka, Z Marka, M Marsee, I Martinez-Soler, R Maruyama, F Mayhew, T McElroy, F McNally, J V Mead, K Meagher, S Mechbal, A Medina, M Meier, Y Merckx, L Merten, J Micallef, J Mitchell, T Montaruli, R W Moore, Y Morii, R Morse, M Moulai, T Mukherjee, R Naab, R Nagai, M Nakos, U Naumann, J Necker, A Negi, M Neumann, H Niederhausen, M U Nisa, A Noell, A Novikov, S C Nowicki, A Obertacke Pollmann, V O'Dell, M Oehler, B Oeyen, A Olivas, R Orsoe, J Osborn, E O'Sullivan, H Pandya, D V Pankova, N Park, G K Parker, E N Paudel, L Paul, C Pérez de Los Heros, J Peterson, S Philippen, A Pizzuto, M Plum, A Pontén, Y Popovych, M Prado Rodriguez, B Pries, R Procter-Murphy, G T Przybylski, C Raab, J Rack-Helleis, K Rawlins, Z Rechav, A Rehman, P Reichherzer, G Renzi, E Resconi, S Reusch, W Rhode, B Riedel, A Rifaie, E J Roberts, S Robertson, S Rodan, G Roellinghoff, M Rongen, C Rott, T Ruhe, L Ruohan, D Ryckbosch, I Safa, J Saffer, D Salazar-Gallegos, P Sampathkumar, S E Sanchez Herrera, A Sandrock, M Santander, S Sarkar, S Sarkar, J Savelberg, P Savina, M Schaufel, H Schieler, S Schindler, L Schlickmann, B Schlüter, F Schlüter, N Schmeisser, T Schmidt, J Schneider, F G Schröder, L Schumacher, G Schwefer, S Sclafani, D Seckel, M Seikh, S Seunarine, R Shah, A Sharma, S Shefali, N Shimizu, M Silva, B Skrzypek, B Smithers, R Snihur, J Soedingrekso, A Søgaard, D Soldin, P Soldin, G Sommani, C Spannfellner, G M Spiczak, M Stamatikos, T Stanev, T Stezelberger, T Stürwald, T Stuttard, G W Sullivan, I Taboada, S Ter-Antonyan, M Thiesmeyer, W G Thompson, J Thwaites, S Tilav, K Tollefson, C Tönnis, S Toscano, D Tosi, A Trettin, C F Tung, R Turcotte, J P Twagirayezu, B Ty, M A Unland Elorrieta, A K Upadhyay, K Upshaw, N Valtonen-Mattila, J Vandenbroucke, N van Eijndhoven, D Vannerom, J van Santen, J Vara, J Veitch-Michaelis, M Venugopal, M Vereecken, S Verpoest, D Veske, A Vijai, C Walck, C Weaver, P Weigel, A Weindl, J Weldert, A Y Wen, C Wendt, J Werthebach, M Weyrauch, N Whitehorn, C H Wiebusch, N Willey, D R Williams, L Witthaus, A Wolf, M Wolf, G Wrede, X W Xu, J P Yanez, E Yildizci, S Yoshida, R Young, F Yu, S Yu, Z Zhang, P Zhelnin, P Zilberman, M Zimmerman
We report on a measurement of astrophysical tau neutrinos with 9.7 yr of IceCube data. Using convolutional neural networks trained on images derived from simulated events, seven candidate ν_{τ} events were found with visible energies ranging from roughly 20 TeV to 1 PeV and a median expected parent ν_{τ} energy of about 200 TeV. Considering backgrounds from astrophysical and atmospheric neutrinos, and muons from π^{±}/K^{±} decays in atmospheric air showers, we obtain a total estimated background of about 0...
April 12, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#49
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G Unnikrishnan, P Ilzhöfer, A Scholz, C Hölzl, A Götzelmann, R K Gupta, J Zhao, J Krauter, S Weber, N Makki, H P Büchler, T Pfau, F Meinert
We report on the first realization of a novel neutral atom qubit encoded in the spin-orbit coupled metastable states ^{3}P_{0} and ^{3}P_{2} of a single ^{88}Sr atom trapped in an optical tweezer. Raman coupling of the qubit states promises rapid single-qubit rotations on par with the fast Rydberg-mediated two-body gates. We demonstrate preparation, readout, and coherent control of the qubit. In addition to driving Rabi oscillations bridging an energy gap of more than 17 THz using a pair of phase-locked clock lasers, we also carry out Ramsey spectroscopy to extract the transverse qubit coherence time T_{2}...
April 12, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#50
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hao-Kai Zhang, Shuo Liu, Shi-Xin Zhang
Ground state preparation is classically intractable for general Hamiltonians. On quantum devices, shallow parametrized circuits can be effectively trained to obtain short-range entangled states under the paradigm of variational quantum eigensolver, while deep circuits are generally untrainable due to the barren plateau phenomenon. In this Letter, we give a general lower bound on the variance of circuit gradients for arbitrary quantum circuits composed of local 2-designs. Based on our unified framework, we prove the absence of barren plateaus in training finite local-depth circuits (FLDC) for the ground states of local Hamiltonians...
April 12, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#51
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vincent Saillant, Léo Morey, Damien Lipuma, Pierre Boëton, Marina Siponen, Pascal Arnoux, Delphine Lechardeur
Strict management of intracellular heme pools, which are both toxic and beneficial, is crucial for bacterial survival during infection. The human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus uses a two-component heme sensing system (HssRS), which counteracts environmental heme toxicity by triggering expression of the efflux transporter HrtBA. The HssS heme sensor is a HisKA-type histidine kinase, characterized as a membrane-bound homodimer containing an extracellular sensor and a cytoplasmic conserved catalytic domain. To elucidate HssS heme-sensing mechanism, a structural simulation of the HssS dimer based on Alphafold2 was docked with heme...
April 29, 2024: MBio
#52
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Setare Hajarolasvadi, Morteza Khaleghimeybodi, Payam Razavi, Michael Smirnov, Sebastian T Prepeliă
Numerical simulations of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) conventionally assume a rigid boundary condition for the pinna. The human pinna, however, is an elastic deformable body that can vibrate due to incident acoustic waves. This work investigates how sound-induced vibrations of the pinna can affect simulated HRTF magnitudes. The work will motivate the research question by measuring the sound-induced vibrational patterns of an artificial pinna with a high-speed holographic interferometric system. Then, finite element simulations are used to determine HRTFs for a tabletop model of the B&K 5128 head and torso simulator for a number of directions...
April 1, 2024: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
#53
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guillaume Fromant, Peter D Thorne, David Hurther
Accurate modelling and prediction of sediment transport in aquatic environments is essential for sustainable coastal and riverine management. Current capabilities rely on physical process-based numerical models and fine-scale sediment flux measurements. High-resolution hydroacoustic instrumentation has emerged as a promising tool for such measurements. However, challenges arise due to the inherent complexity of ultrasound scattering processes. This study introduces a numerical modelling using a point-particle approach to simulate the echoes backscattered by such instrumentation in sediment-laden flow conditions...
April 1, 2024: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
#54
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Taegon Chung, Iksoo Chang, Sangyeol Kim
Locomotion is a fundamental behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ). Previous works on kinetic simulations of animals helped researchers understand the physical mechanisms of locomotion and the muscle-controlling principles of neuronal circuits as an actuator part. It has yet to be understood how C. elegans utilizes the frictional forces caused by the tension of its muscles to perform sequenced locomotive behaviors. Here, we present a two-dimensional rigid body chain model for the locomotion of C...
April 29, 2024: ELife
#55
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peichao Zou, Chunyang Wang, Yubin He, Huolin L Xin, Ruoqian Lin
Realizing room-temperature, efficient, and reversible fluoride-ion redox is critical to commercializing the fluoride-ion battery, a promising post-lithium-ion battery technology. However, this is challenging due to the absence of usable electrolytes, which usually suffer from insufficient ionic conductivity and poor (electro)chemical stability. Herein we report a water-in-salt (WIS) electrolyte based on the tetramethylammonium fluoride salt, an organic salt consisting of hydrophobic cations and hydrophilic anions...
April 29, 2024: Nano Letters
#56
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Glenn A Barnes, Barbara K Haas
Nurse educators must prepare nursing students to be competent first responders and providers in nontraditional situations. We developed a course that provides in-depth experiential instruction in disaster nursing, remote/austere nursing, and global health. The Nursing in Nontraditional Environments course provides nursing students with the knowledge and skills to provide quality care to patients in environments outside traditional hospitals and clinics. The course merges survival skills with austere care using evidence-based practice derived from the US Military and the Wilderness Medical Society...
April 30, 2024: Nursing Education Perspectives
#57
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruiqin Xu, Zhongming Jiang, Qin Yang, Julien Bloino, Malgorzata Biczysko
Advanced vibrational spectroscopic experiments have reached a level of sophistication that can only be matched by numerical simulations in order to provide an unequivocal analysis, a crucial step to understand the structure-function relationship of biomolecules. While density functional theory (DFT) has become the standard method when targeting medium-size or larger systems, the problem of its reliability and accuracy are well-known and have been abundantly documented. To establish a reliable computational protocol, especially when accuracy is critical, a tailored benchmark is usually required...
April 29, 2024: Journal of Computational Chemistry
#58
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peng-Jui Chen, Alexander Q Cusumano, Kaylin N Flesch, Christian Santiago Strong, William A Goddard, Brian M Stoltz
We report quantum mechanics calculations and quasiclassical trajectory simulations of [4 + 2] reactions using three common dienolate substrates: siloxy dienes, Li dienolates, and conjugated Pd enolates. Asynchronous transition structures and unequal bond formation were invariably found, with average time gaps of developing bonds ranging from 26.5 to >251.0 fs. The results display a spectrum of dynamically concerted and stepwise [4 + 2] reactions, offering insights into the origin of the stereochemical outcomes of such reactions...
April 29, 2024: Journal of the American Chemical Society
#59
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Deborah Pina-Thomas, Jennifer H Zohn, Lynn Phillips
Empathy is essential to the development of communication skills. Simulating psychosis to develop empathy for mental health patients is complex; we hypothesized that virtual reality (VR) would be effective in increasing empathy in health care students. This experimental study compared the effectiveness of a VR simulation with a traditional hearing voices simulation as measured by the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale-Revised. Twenty-five health care students were randomized into two groups. The results indicated that both simulated experiences increased empathy levels, supporting the study's hypothesis...
April 30, 2024: Nursing Education Perspectives
#60
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lining Chen, Yuzhi Wang, Haoran Xie, Ruizhe Wu, Jiyin Xie, Meng Zou
In the natural environment, antlers have a significant mechanical structure that protects the deer head from injury. In this paper, the mechanical properties of antlers were evaluated through quasi-static compression tests and microstructural observation of samples from antlers, and the relationship between the sampling position, load direction, and microstructure and their mechanical properties were investigated. Compression experiments confirmed that the tines had the strongest mechanical properties, followed by the main beams and finally the brow tines...
April 29, 2024: Microscopy Research and Technique
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