Canine dog orthopedic

Tearing of the cranial cruciate ligament causes hindlimb lameness in dogs. Different surgical procedures have been proposed to treat this condition. In this study, two different TTA-based techniques and implants were compared. A total of 30 dogs were separated into two groups according to the technique and implant used (Porous TTA® or Model Xgen® ). The aim of the study was to assess whether one of these techniques has better functional recovery of the joint, better bone consolidation after the osteotomy procedure and fewer osteoarthritic changes...

Cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease is a common orthopedic disease in canine patients. Tibial osteotomy procedures for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in small breed dogs (<15 kg) have previously been limited. A total of 22 client-owned dogs, 26 stifles, with cranial cruciate ligament disease were treated with novel mini-tibial tuberosity advancement plates. The most common intraoperative complications included the need for plate-cage overlap in 7 stifles (26.92%) and screw head fracture in 1 (3...

OBJECTIVES:  To describe the implant characteristics and surgical application of a custom-made trochlear ridge prosthesis (TRP) and to report clinical outcomes in dogs affected by patellar luxation treated with TRP. STUDY DESIGN:  Dogs affected by patellar luxation underwent computed tomography. A specific canine bone anatomical replica, a cutting guide, and a TRP were designed and provided for surgery. Surgical records, clinical and radiographic reassessments, complications, pre- and postoperative lameness, type and degree of patellar luxation, and TRP and patellar position after surgery were reviewed...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is highly prevalent in the canine population. Due to the multiple dimensions of the disease, a multimodal approach is usually favored by clinicians. To evaluate the combined treatment with intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and photobiomodulation in dogs with bilateral hip OA, thirty dogs were assigned to a PRP group (PRPG, n = 10), a photobiomodulation group (PBMTG, n = 10), or a combined therapies group (PRP+PBMTG, n = 10). The PRPG received two intra-articular administrations of platelet-rich plasma 14 days apart...

Medial patellar luxation (MPL) is a common orthopedic disease in dogs, which predisposes elderly and small-breed dogs. Unlike in humans, diagnosis in the early course of the disease is challenging because symptoms and joint-pain expression in canines are vague. Herein, we introduced a deep-learning system to diagnose MPL using a single rear-view hindlimb image. We believe that this is the first attempt to build a deep-learning system to diagnose MPL based on image analysis. Notably, 7689 images were collected from 2653 dogs in 30 private animal clinics between July 2021 and July 2022...

INTRODUCTION: Arthrodesis, performed as a salvage surgical procedure to treat intractable joint conditions in dogs and cats, is associated with a high incidence of complications intra and postoperative, proving the need for improved and new techniques in arthrodesis surgery. Adding a new resorbable bone glue to the arthrodesis could potentially add fixation strength and lower complications. The objectives of this experimental ex vivo biomechanical study were therefore to develop a biomechanical test model of partial tarsal arthrodesis and to determine whether the new resorbable bone glue (phosphoserine modified cement) produced measurable fixation strength in canine calcaneoquartal arthrodesis, without orthopedic implants...

BACKGROUND: Canine hip dysplasia is a common orthopedic disease in veterinary practice. The diagnosis is made by radiographic examinations that evaluate bone alterations associated with hip dysplasia. Although radiographic examination is the gold standard for diagnosis, it does not allow a detailed evaluation of soft tissues such as the joint capsule and periarticular muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in assessing the joint capsule and periarticular muscles of dogs using the Orthopedic Foundation of Animals (OFA) classification and the distraction index (DI) in the early and late diagnosis of hip dysplasia...

OBJECTIVE: Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease in companion animals. Several client-report outcome measures (CROMs) have been developed and validated to monitor patients and their response to treatment. However, estimates for minimal clinically-important differences for these CROMs in the context of osteoarthritis have not been published. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from the Clínica Veterinária de Cães (Portuguese Gendarmerie Canine Clinic) clinical records were extracted...

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to use a digital design of 3D-printing technology to create a surgical navigation template. At the same time, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) was applied to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in animal models, based on accurate positioning of necrotic lesions in the navigation templates and observation of its therapeutic effect. METHODS: Fifteen healthy adult male and female beagle dogs weighing 20 + 2 kg were randomly divided into three groups (n = 5) after establishing a model of ONFH using the liquid nitrogen freezing method...

OBJECTIVE: Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a global disease and an improved diagnostic approach to this orthopedic condition is needed, with an emphasis on inexpensive and minimally invasive techniques. This research aimed to determine the differentiating potential of selected biochemical markers in serum between healthy dogs and dogs with hip dysplasia in a breed-specific study that involved the Tornjak dog population. ANIMALS: 99 Tornjak dogs radiographically categorized (Federation Cynologique Internationale procedure and scoring scheme) between December 2019 and April 2021, as having no sign of hip dysplasia or near normal hip joints (nondysplastic group; n = 51) vs mild, moderate, or severe hip dysplasia (dysplastic group; 48)...

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of this study was to define the extent of the biceps tendon, subscapularis tendon, and cranial border of the medial glenohumeral ligament within the field of view during standard lateral shoulder arthroscopy in the dog. We also examine the effect of joint flexion on the field of view of the biceps tendon. STUDY DESIGN:  This was a cadaveric study using 21 shoulders of large breed dogs. Each shoulder was explored with a 30-degree arthroscope using standard lateral ports...

BACKGROUND: Tendinopathy is a common motor system disease that leads to pain and reduced function. Despite its prevalence, our mechanistic understanding is incomplete, leading to limited efficacy of treatment options. Animal models contribute significantly to our understanding of tendinopathy and some therapeutic options. However, the inadequacies of animal models are also evident, largely due to differences in anatomical structure and the complexity of human tendinopathy. Different animal models reproduce different aspects of human tendinopathy and are therefore suitable for different scenarios...

Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is one of the most commonly diagnosed orthopedic conditions of pet dogs, making estimated lifetime cruciate ligament survival an attractive endpoint for studies attempting to define clinical and genetic correlates of rupture risk reduction. Early life experiences contribute significantly to the origins of adult health outcomes, yet our current understanding of modifiable susceptibility factors that drive the high frequency of CCL rupture remains limited. We reasoned that combining lifetime medical history with standardized late-life assessment of lifetime cruciate ligament survival and detailed phenotyping of each dog for selected risk variables would provide a sensitive approach to identify factors that would differentiate between lifelong avoidance versus susceptibility to ligament rupture...

OBJECTIVE:  Canine hip dysplasia is a common orthopaedic disease in dogs. The Norberg angle value is a measure of hip joint laxity. The aim of this study was to quantify the degree of rotation necessary to consider the radiograph as inadequately positioned and to determine the influence of rotation on the Norberg angle. STUDY DESIGN:  Three sets of radiographs with different positioning and projections were acquired using 10 canine cadavers. Rotation of the pelvis was simulated by rotating the X-ray tube without changing the position of the patient...

INTRODUCTION: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is used as a treatment option for several musculoskeletal pathologies in dogs. When performing ESWT using electrohydraulic devices, sedation is commonly recommended due to the noise and discomfort associated with the treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the tolerance of ESWT delivered by a standard or novel trode in awake canine patients with musculoskeletal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, blinded clinical trial in which dogs with musculoskeletal disease received awake treatment with ESWT with a gradually increasing energy protocol using both standard and novel trodes with an electrohydraulic generator in a randomized fashion...

OBJECTIVE:  While it has been known for a long time that laxity in the hip joint is the primary cause of degenerative changes later on in canine hip dysplasia, limited data are available on the fundamental characteristics that define the procedure used to quantify this. The aim of this study was to evaluate the force-laxity relation to assess the repeatability of repeated cycles of stress on the hip joint and determine the force necessary tomeasure a sufficient proportion of laxity present in hip joints...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the mechanical properties of suture tape and orthopedic wire cerclage in an ex vivo canine median sternotomy model. STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo. ANIMALS: Twelve large-breed canine cadaveric sternums. METHODS: Median sternotomies were performed, leaving the manubrium intact. The specimens were randomly assigned to group W (20-gauge stainless steel orthopedic wire cerclage in a figure-of-eight pattern) or group ST (suture tape in a figure-of-eight pattern)...

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of safe positioning of double 2.3-mm headless cannulated self-compression screws (HCS) in a small dog cadaveric sacroiliac luxation model and to compare the static rotational biomechanical properties of fixation repaired using two different screw systems with a minimally invasive osteosynthesis technique: double 2.3-mm HCS and a single 3.5-mm standard cortical screw placed in a lag fashion. STUDY DESIGN:  A unilateral small dog sacroiliac luxation model was stabilized using double 2...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oclacitinib (Apoquel) on development of surgical site infections in canines following clean orthopedic stifle surgery. Medical records of dogs undergoing unilateral, clean orthopedic stifle procedures were retrospectively examined for development of post-operative surgical site infections. Data collected for statistical analysis included age, sex, body weight, current medications, anesthesia and surgery times, white blood cell count, and neutrophil count...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of three adjunctive methods of tension band wire fixation (TBWF) on the biomechanical properties, gap formation, and failure mode in simulated canine patella tendon rupture (RPT). STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, ex vivo. SAMPLE POPULATION: Paired hindlimbs from 32 dog cadavers. METHODS: Patellar tendons (PTs) and associated bone-muscle-tendon units were harvested. Each PT was transected then sutured using a core locking loop and simple continuous epitendinous pattern...