Glaucoma OCT angiography

Alterations in microvasculature represent some of the earliest pathological processes across a wide variety of human diseases. In many organs, however, inaccessibility and difficulty in directly imaging tissues prevent the assessment of microvascular changes, thereby significantly limiting their translation into improved patient care. The eye provides a unique solution by allowing for the non-invasive and direct visualization and quantification of many aspects of the human microvasculature, including biomarkers for structure, function, hemodynamics, and metabolism...

The relationship between glaucoma and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) has long been discussed, with conflicting study findings. OSAS appears in the most recent studies to be more of an aggravating factor than an independent risk factor for glaucoma. Patients with OSAS may develop a more rapid progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). OSAS may damage the optic nerve not only by increasing the intraocular pressure (IOP) but also by altering the blood supply to the optic nerve as shown by more recent work with OCT-Angiography...

PURPOSE: Bleb failure is a common complication after glaucoma filtration surgery. Different bleb classification schemes incorporating filtration bleb vascularization have been proposed, but the reported correlation with intraocular pressure (IOP) has been variable, possibly because of subjective vascularization grading. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate bleb vascularization after Preserflo Microshunt (PM) implantation using anterior segment OCT-angiography (AS-OCTA) as a biomarker for bleb failure...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the structural, microvascular, and functional progression of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) with or without high myopia by examining longitudinal changes in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and visual field (VF) parameters. METHODS: We evaluated 61 NTG eyes and classified 25 of the eyes with axial lengths (ALs) of ≥26 mm as highly myopic. We assessed the rate of change in OCTA parameters, namely radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density (VD), parafovea VD, deep parafovea VD, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, and ganglion cell complex thickness...

The use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) holds significant promise for optometrists in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. It offers reliable differentiation of glaucomatous eyes from healthy ones and extends monitoring capabilities for advanced cases. OCTA represents a valuable addition to traditional assessment methods, particularly in complex cases. Glaucoma, a major cause of irreversible blindness, is traditionally diagnosed using structural and functional metrics. With growing interest, OCTA is being explored to diagnose, monitor, and manage glaucoma...

INTRODUCTION: Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) can mimic glaucoma and consequently cause difficulties in differential diagnosis. The purpose of this paper is to summarize differences in diagnostic tests that can help perform a correct diagnosis. METHODS: The search strategy was performed according to the PRISMA 2009 guidelines and four databases were used: Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane. 772 references were eligible; 39 were included after screening with respect to inclusion criteria that included English language and published in the 20 years before search date...

PURPOSE: To explore the association between progressive peripapillary capillary vessel density (pcVD) reduction and the progression of visual field (VF) impairment in individuals with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: The study enrolled 110 participants with one eye each, totalling 110 NTG eyes. VF defects were evaluated using standard automated perimetry mean deviation (MD), while pcVD measurements were obtained using optical coherence tomography angiography throughout the follow-up period...

PURPOSE: This study investigated the global and regional correlations between longitudinal structure-function (S-F) and vasculature-function (V-F) data using circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT) measurements from optical coherence tomography (OCT), circumpapillary vessel density (cpVD) from OCT angiography (OCTA), and the corresponding visual field mean sensitivities at different glaucoma stages. METHODS: A total of 107 eyes from 107 glaucoma patients with progressive visual field (VF) changes followed up for an average of 3...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to define the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in the peripapillary region of the retina after adjusting for the effect of vessel density (VD) in patients with pathological intraocular pressure (IOP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: 69 patients (122 eyes) with IOP >21 mmHg (range 21-36 mmHg, mean 23.65±2.70 mmHg). 32 were men (average age 55±13 years) and 37 were women (average age 52±14 years). IOP was measured using the Ocular Response Analyser (ORA)...

Diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma in high myopic (HM) eyes are becoming very important; however, it is challenging to diagnose this condition. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography (WF-OCTA) maps for the detection of glaucomatous damage in eyes with HM and to compare the diagnostic ability of WF-OCTA maps with that of conventional imaging approaches, including swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) wide-field maps. In this retrospective observational study, a total 62 HM-healthy eyes and 140 HM eyes with open-angle glaucoma were included...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the association between longitudinal changes of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and the rate of structural and functional progression in glaucoma. METHODS: A longitudinal cohort included 115 eyes (46 glaucoma suspect and 66 primary open-angle glaucoma) of 81 patients having ≥2 year follow-up, and ≥4 visits with optical coherence tomography angiography and visual field (VF). Eyes in the longitudinal cohort with a slope greater than that found in 95 percentile of separate healthy test-retest series for FAZ area were categorised into FAZ progressors; all other eyes were defined as FAZ non-progressors...

PURPOSE: The study aimed to assess the effect of hypertension, and use of systemic beta blockers (BB) and other antihypertensives on ocular perfusion by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in normal, suspect, and glaucomatous eyes. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in tertiary eye care center. Prospectively recruited consenting subjects between 18 and 90 years with or without glaucoma. Measured the optic nerve peripapillary perfusion and flux and macular vessel density (MVD: 6 × 6 and 3 × 3 mm) in the superficial retinal layer using OCTA...

Intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering surgery has been shown to alter microvascular density in glaucoma patients. The aim of this study is to report changes in retinal flow density (FD) over the course of treatment with the Preserflo MicroShunt, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). 34 eyes from 34 patients who underwent Preserflo MicroShunt implantation were prospectively enrolled in this study. OCTA imaging was conducted at the superficial (SCP), deep (DCP) and radial peripapillary plexus (RPC) levels...

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic performance of the capillary density (CD) of the central 1-6 mm and peripheral 6-12 mm annular regions in detecting open-angle glaucoma in high myopia (HM) using 15 × 12 mm wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (WF SS-OCTA). METHODS: The study enrolled 206 and 103 eyes with HM and highly myopic open-angle glaucoma (HM-OAG), respectively. WF SS-OCTA images centred on the fovea were obtained to analyse the changes in the CD in the 1-3 mm, 3-6 mm, 6-9 mm, and 9-12 mm annular regions...

PRCIS: The observed decrease in radial peripapillary capillary vessel density among adult children of individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma, in comparison to controls, suggests the possibility of early microvascular alterations in the eyes of these at-risk individuals. PURPOSE: To compare the radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPCVD) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness values of eyes between healthy adults with a maternal or paternal history of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and age-matched healthy controls without a family history of POAG...

AIM: To investigate vascular changes in different stages of glaucoma and to evaluate the role of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the early diagnosis of glaucoma. METHODS: Glaucoma patients and healthy controls ( n =29 eyes) were investigated in this cross-sectional comparative study. Glaucoma patients were grouped as ocular hypertension ( n =44 eyes), preperimetric glaucoma (PPG; n =32 eyes), early glaucoma (EG; n =35 eyes), moderate stage glaucoma (MG; n =36 eyes), and advanced glaucoma (AG; n =35 eyes)...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the difference in the vascular parameters of perfusion in the optic nerve head (ONH) in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) across disease stages using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and its correlation with peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 83 eyes with varying stages of NTG (25 mild, 31 moderate, and 27 severe) and 90 healthy eyes were enrolled. The perfusion density (PD) and flux index (FI) of the ONH divided into four sectors were determined...

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PURPOSE: To investigate whether nicotinamide (NAM) modulates retinal vasculature in glaucoma. METHODS: This was a prospective controlled clinical trial investigating animal and human histopathology. Participants included normotensive and ocular hypertensive rats, postmortem human ocular tissue, glaucoma patients (n = 90), and healthy controls (n = 30). The study utilized histopathology, computer-assisted retinal vasculature analysis, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and NAM treatment...

Ischemia is the main cause of cell death in retinal diseases such as vascular occlusions, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, or retinopathy of prematurity. Although excitotoxicity is considered the primary mechanism of cell death during an ischemic event, antagonists of glutamatergic receptors have been unsuccessful in clinical trials with patients suffering ischemia or stroke. Our main purpose was to analyze if the transient receptor potential channel 7 (TRPM7) could contribute to retinal dysfunction in retinal pathologies associated with ischemia...