contraceptive pills

BACKGROUND: Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental endocrine disruptors. As the predominant phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) has been considered possibly carcinogenic to humans but large-scale longitudinal evidence is needed to further clarify its carcinogenicity. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between DEHP exposure and incidence of breast malignant neoplasm, carcinoma in situ and benign neoplasm. METHODS: A total of 273,295 women from UK Biobank cohort were followed up for a median of 13...

Contraception represents a deliberate choice made by individuals, both men and women, to regulate their desired number of children. The primary objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of contraceptive use, while also exploring the shifts in contraception methods following the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed a quantitative approach with a survey technique. The survey was conducted in Kermanshah, one of Iran's metropolises located in the western part of the country. The sampling methodology employed in this study involved a combination of multi-stage classification and systematic random methods...

Short-acting reversible contraceptives (SARCs) are prescribed routinely by primary care clinicians. SARCs are among the most commonly prescribed contraceptive methods and include combined hormonal oral contraceptive pills, the combined hormonal transdermal patch, the combined hormonal vaginal ring, progestin-only pills, and the 3-month depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection. To ensure safe prescribing and reduce barriers to receiving SARC methods, family physicians should be familiar with two evidence-based national contraceptive guidelines, the U...

BACKGROUND: Hereditary angioedema with C1-inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1INH) is a rare autosomal disorder presenting with recurrent angioedema. Estrogen-containing medications trigger angioedema in some patients, and conversely, progesterone may decrease attack frequency. The mechanism by which estrogen may exacerbate angioedema in HAE-C1INH is not well characterized. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the link between estrogen and bradykinin constituents to better understand the specific underlying triggers that may exacerbate angioedema in patients with HAE-C1INH...

Objective: To determine the utilization of risk-reducing strategies and screening protocols for ovarian cancer in female BRCA1/2 carriers. Methods: This study was a sub-analysis of female participants from a larger multicenter, cross-sectional survey of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers unaffected by cancer. The questionnaire was administered electronically via email at four institutions located in the northeast United States. Data were analyzed with Fisher's exact test. Results: The survey was completed by 104 female BRCA mutation carriers...

OBJECTIVES: (i) To classify training sessions of elite female cyclists according to an intensity index based on a longitudinal follow-up using multiparametric data collected in situ (ii) to measure the effect of estimated menstrual cycle (MC) phases and oral contraceptive pills (OC) phases on the athletes' training responses on each type of training identified. METHOD: Thirteen elite French cyclists were followed up over 30 months and 5,190 training sessions were collected and 81 MC/OCs full cycles analyzed...

According to the WHO, all clients should have access to a range of contraceptive methods, including at least one short-term, one long-term, one permanent, and one emergency method of contraception. While there are data on the contraceptive method mix available for many low- and middle-income countries, there are limited data on emergency contraception (EC). This is likely due to some surveys not routinely collecting this information, how survey questions are asked, dual method use, and/or low levels of reported use of EC pill (ECP)...

BACKGROUND: Contraceptive information and services are fundamental to the health and human rights of all individuals. Low contraceptive use is a major challenge faced in India. To determine whether a lack of awareness of contraceptive methods was a factor, we assessed the perception of women on contraceptive methods, their safety and efficacy and further determined whether their demographic background played any role in their perception. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reproductive-aged women from both rural and urban backgrounds of Bangalore and Tumkur, Karnataka, were individually questioned in a community setting using both Google Forms and personal interviews from September 2022 to December 2022...

INTRODUCTION: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective HIV prevention method; however, uptake and persistence have been low among southern African women. A dual prevention pill (DPP) that combines PrEP with oral contraception (OC) may increase PrEP use and better meet women's sexual and reproductive health needs. We will gauge the DPP's acceptability in two cross-over clinical trials. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: PC952 (Zimbabwe) and PC953 (South Africa) will compare acceptability, adherence and preference for an over-encapsulated DPP versus PrEP and OCs taken separately...

CONTEXT: The outcomes related to cardiovascular risk (CVR) in patients with nonclassical form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) are unknown, especially those related to therapeutic options, including low doses of glucocorticoids (GCs) or oral contraceptive pills. OBJECTIVES: to analyze CVR by markers of atherosclerosis in females with nonclassical form according to therapeutic options. DESIGN AND SETTING: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary center...

BACKGROUND: About 90% of unintended pregnancies are attributed to non-use of effective contraception-tubal ligation, or reversible effective contraception (REC) including injectables, oral pills, intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUCD), and implant. We assessed the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and factors associated with using RECs, and Long-Acting-Reversible-Contraceptives (LARCs)-implants and IUCDs, among women living with HIV (WLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of the US-PEPFAR PROMOTE study WLHIV on ART at enrollment...

BACKGROUND: There is little information of progestogen-only contraceptives in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) on the long-term. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of contraception in patients with CHD. We studied both short-acting reversible contraceptives (SARCs), oral progestin-only pills (POPs) and long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs): intrauterine devices (IUD-IPs) and subdermal implants both impregnated with progestogens (SI-IPs). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of all women attending the preconception clinic...

OBJECTIVE: To identify characteristics associated with unfulfilled contraceptive preferences, document reasons for these unfulfilled preferences, and examine how these unfulfilled preferences vary across specific method users. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING: We draw on secondary baseline data from 4660 reproductive-aged contraceptive users in the Arizona, Iowa, New Jersey, and Wisconsin Surveys of Women (SoWs), state-representative surveys fielded between October 2018 and August 2020 across the four states...

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) is a subtype of venous thromboembolism, which occurs in the dural venous sinuses. Blockage of the venous drainage of the brain leads to the development of hemorrhages. Strokes can hence develop in any individual, irrespective of age or sex. CVST is a very serious condition requiring immediate thrombolysis to prevent residual neurological deficits. We report the case of a lady aged 25 years, who presented to the emergency department with a severe diffuse headache for 4 days, associated with vomiting...

BACKGROUND: The risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) associated with high estrogen states, including pregnant patients and those using oral contraceptives, has been well documented. We described the histological composition of thrombi collected in these cases. METHODS: From a prospective tissue registry (STRIP registry) of thrombi retrieved during mechanical thrombectomy for AIS, we identified 5 patients with high estrogen states: 1 post-partum patient, 1 undergoing hormone replacement therapy and 3 consuming oral contraceptive pills...

BACKGROUND: Functional ovarian cysts are common among women of reproductive age, often necessitating medical intervention. This hospital-based interventional study compares the efficacy and safety of combined oral contraceptive pills (COC) and dydrogesterone in managing functional ovarian cysts. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial will be conducted over two years at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, AVBRH, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the epidemiological and clinicopathological features of breast cancer (BC) in Saudi Arabia to improve decisions regarding resource allocation, disease control, and management. METHODS: We retrieved the records of all patients who presented with histologically proven BC at King Fahad Medical City between 2019 and 2020. The data were analyzed quantitatively, and the results were expressed as percentages and frequencies. RESULTS: This study comprised 419 patients...

Introduction Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a regular clinical condition that affects most women during their reproductive years. Its related symptoms may be linked to a decrease in women's quality of life. Female nurses may be more susceptible to PMS due to the demanding nature of their job. The importance of nurses' jobs and how their quality of life will affect patients and themselves in parallel make female nurses a population that is worth investigating. Our objective is to estimate the level of PMS among Jordanian nurses and assess the potential impact of PMS on work-related quality of life among them...

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has been noted to decrease access to maternal health and family planning services globally. However, evidence from the Middle East and North Africa region is very scarce and limited. We qualitatively explored women's experiences in accessing maternal health and family planning services during the COVID-19 lockdown months in the two Egyptian governorates of Port Said and Souhag. METHODS: Using a case study design, semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with a total of 40 women aged 18-35 years from Port Said and Souhag governorates in Egypt...

OBJECTIVE: The Adherence with Continuous Dose Oral Contraceptive: Evaluation of Self-Selection and Use (ACCESS) study assessed whether consumers can adhere to the regimen for a progestin-only pill (norgestrel 0.075 mg) in an over-the-counter (OTC) setting. STUDY DESIGN: An actual use study in a simulated OTC environment assessed adherence to directions to take norgestrel 0.075 mg every day at the same time in 883 participants for up to 24 weeks. RESULTS: Eighty-five percent (747/883) of participants reported ≥85% adherence to taking norgestrel 0...