Glossopharyngeal Nerve

STUDY OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the superiority of airway nerve blocks versus airway anesthesia without nerve blocks for awake tracheal intubation (ATI). DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). SETTING: All studies that assessed the superiority of airway anesthesia technique for awake tracheal intubation were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid Medline, Embase and Chinese databases (including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and VIP databases) and trial registry databases from their inception to December 2022...

There are many lesions that cause compression of nerves and vessels in the head and neck, and they can often be overlooked in the absence of adequate history or if not suspected by the radiologist. Many of these lesions require a high index of suspicion and optimal positioning for imaging. While a multimodality approach is critical in the evaluation of compressive lesions, an MRI utilizing high-resolution (heavily weighted) T2-weighted sequence is extremely useful as a starting point. In this review, we aim to discuss the radiological features of the common and uncommon compressive lesions of the head and neck which are broadly categorized into vascular, osseous, and miscellaneous etiologies...

The laryngopharyngeal nerve has received much less attention that the other contributions to the pharyngeal plexus i.e. , glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Often, in descriptions and depictions, the nerve is simply labeled as the sympathetic contribution to the pharyngeal plexus. As there is such scant information available regarding this nerve, the present review was performed. Very little is found in the extant medical literature regarding the laryngopharyngeal nerve. However, based on available data, the nerve is a consistent contributory to the pharyngeal plexus and serves other adjacent areas e...

Prion diseases are fatal neurologic disorders that can be transmitted by blood transfusion. The route for neuroinvasion following exposure to infected blood is not known. Carotid bodies (CBs) are specialized chemosensitive structures that detect the concentration of blood gasses and provide feedback for the neural control of respiration. Sensory cells of the CB are highly perfused and densely innervated by nerves that are synaptically connected to the brainstem and thoracic spinal cord, known to be areas of early prion deposition following oral infection...

BACKGROUND: In our experience, the anterior carotid sheath forms an important plane of dissection when excising temporal bone region cancers. However, its anatomical composition, relationships, and radiological appearance remains unclear. METHODS: Eight sides of cadaveric heads were dissected. Anatomical findings were correlated with a high-resolution baseline T1 MRI. RESULTS: The anterior carotid sheath was formed by the tensor-vascular-styloid fascia, stylopharyngeal fascia, buccopharyngeal fascia (BPF), and longus capitis fascia (LCF), and appeared as a hypointense line on MRI...

Sensory receptors across the entire tongue are engaged during eating. However, the tongue has distinctive regions with taste (fungiform and circumvallate) and non-taste (filiform) organs that are composed of specialized epithelia, connective tissues, and innervation. The tissue regions and papillae are adapted in form and function for taste and somatosensation associated with eating. It follows that homeostasis and regeneration of distinctive papillae and taste buds with particular functional roles require tailored molecular pathways...

OBJECTIVE: Clinical data on 61 patients (grouped by their treatment with MVD or RHZ) with glossopharyngeal neuralgia were analyzed retrospectively. A summary analysis of the effective rate and surgical complications of MVD and RHZ in the treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia was performed to observe the new surgical options for GN. METHOD: From March 2013 to March 2020, 63 patients with GN were admitted to our hospital by the professional group of cranial nerve diseases...

Chronic neuropathic orofacial pain along with physical suffering can cause emotional, psychological and social difficulties, which significantly affects the quality of life of patients. Pain in the area of glossopharyngeal nerve innervation, especially chronic neuropathic, is relatively rare, but is significant because of the great suffering it causes to sufferers. It can be life threatening, due to the cardiac arrhythmia, syncope or convulsions it can cause. Drug treatment is often of limited effectiveness and can be fraught with side effects...

OBJECTIVE: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a common form of central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis (TB). Cranial nerve palsy is a serious complication of TBM. Literature regarding this subject is still limited in China. This study evaluated the incidence of cranial nerve palsy in patients with TBM in South China, its association with the clinical forms of TB, and other patient characteristics. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patients with a diagnosis of TBM between January 2004 and December 2019 was conducted, and the demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory results of 114 patients were collected and followed up for 3 months...

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) are cranial nerve neuralgias with the same clinical manifestations, pathological features, and trigger factors; their affected sites are adjacent. Performing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination alone can easily lead to a misdiagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 72-year-old man had visited another hospital with severe left-sided tongue pain. On MRI, vascular compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve had been visible, with unclear evidence of trigeminal nerve involvement...

AIMS: Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) is a novel nonpharmacological treatment modality. This noninvasive approach can stimulate peripheral nerves to provide analgesia through neuromodulation. We report the first case of ultrasound-guided rPMS to treat a case of severe refractory glossopharyngeal neuralgia. METHODS: A 70-year-old female with an 8-year history of glossopharyngeal neuralgia reported refractory pain unresponsive to pharmacological and interventional treatments...

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is a neurological condition characterized by paroxysmal, stabbing-like pain along the distribution of the glossopharyngeal nerve that lasts from a couple of seconds to minutes. Pharmacological treatment with anticonvulsants is the first line of treatment; however, about 25% of patients remain symptomatic and require surgical intervention, which is usually done via microvascular decompression (MVD) with or without rhizotomy. More recently, the use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been utilized as an alternative treatment method to relieve patient symptoms by causing nerve ablation...

Taste receptor cells are taste bud epithelial cells that are dependent upon the innervating nerve for continuous renewal and are maintained by resident tissue stem/progenitor cells. Transection of the innervating nerve causes degeneration of taste buds and taste receptor cells. However, a subset of the taste receptor cells is maintained without nerve contact after glossopharyngeal nerve transection in the circumvallate papilla in adult mice. Here, we revealed that injury caused by glossopharyngeal nerve transection triggers the remaining differentiated K8-positive taste receptor cells to dedifferentiate and acquire transient progenitor cell-like states during regeneration...

The vagus nerve has motor, sensory, and parasympathetic components. Understanding the nerve's internal anatomy, its variations, and relationship to the glossopharyngeal nerve are crucial for neurosurgeons decompressing the lower cranial nerves. We present a case report demonstrating the location of the parasympathetic fibres within the vagus nerve rootlets. A 47-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of medically refractory left-sided glossopharyngeal neuralgia and a more recent history of left-sided hemi-laryngopharyngeal spasm...

The jugular foramen harbors anatomically complex bony, venous and neural structures. It is closely associated with small canals including the mastoid, tympanic, and cochlear canaliculi, and the stylomastoid foramen. The minute intraosseous branches of Arnold's and Jacobson's nerves (<1 mm in length) remain difficult to study with current imaging techniques, and cadaveric dissection is the most reliable approach. Our aim was to examine the variations of Jacobson's and Arnold's canaliculi and nerves and to provide detailed cadaveric graphics...

BACKGROUND: Several vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been approved and widely distributed, raising public concerns regarding the side effects of immunization, as the incidence of ease. Although many adverse events following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine have been reported, neurological complications are relatively uncommon. Herein, we report a rare case of multiple cranial palsies following COVID-19 vaccination in an adolescent patient...

BACKGROUND: Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a rare but severe and disabling pain condition often caused by vascular compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve. Treatment is similar to that of trigeminal neuralgia, but some patients may be refractory to both medical and surgical approaches. Here we present a case of refractory glossopharyngeal neuralgia that responded well to onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX-A). CASE: We report a case of a 65-year-old man with well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus disease with glossopharyngeal neuralgia symptoms since 2015...

Programmed reduction of synapses is a hallmark of the developing brain, with sensory systems emerging as useful models with which to study this pruning. The central projections (terminal field) of the gustatory glossopharyngeal nerve (GL) of the rat are a prime example of developmental pruning, undergoing an approximate 66% reduction in volume from postnatal day 15 (P15) to P25. Later in adulthood, developmental GL pruning can be experimentally reversed, expanding to preweaning volumes, suggesting mature volumes may be actively maintained throughout the life span...

BACKGROUND: Moebius syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by non-progressive palsy of the abducens (VI) and facial (VII) cranial nerves. Its common features include dysfunctions associated with other cranial nerves, orofacial abnormalities, skeletal muscle hypotonia, and other systemic disorders of differing severities. There are several concerns in the perioperative management of patients with Moebius syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a report on the management of general anesthesia of a 14-year-old male patient with Moebius syndrome who was scheduled for mandibular cystectomy...

RATIONALE: Avellis syndrome is a rare bulbar syndrome. The main lesions may involve nucleus ambiguus and the lateral spinothalamic tract. The typical reported clinical manifestations are hoarseness, dysphagia, pain, and temperature disturbance of contralateral body. The manifestations, however, may vary. We aim to report new manifestations of Avellis syndrome in this report. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 47-year-old Chinese peasant woman who felt sudden dizziness, nausea when she was doing the laundry was referred to our department from other hospital...