Cancer risk low dose radiation

BACKGROUND: Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is an emerging treatment alternative for patients with localized low and intermediate risk prostate cancer patients. As already explored by some authors in the context of conventional moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy, focal boost of the index lesion defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is associated with an improved biochemical outcome. The objective of this phase II trial is to determine the effectiveness (in terms of biochemical, morphological and functional control), the safety and impact on quality of life, of prostate SABR with MRI guided focal dose intensification in males with intermediate and high-risk localized prostate cancer...

PURPOSE: Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORN) can manifest in varying severity. The aim of this study is to identify ORN risk factors and develop a novel classification to depict the severity of ORN. METHODS: Consecutive patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) treated with curative-intent intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) (≥45 Gy) from 2011 to 2017 were included. Occurrence of ORN was identified from in-house prospective dental and clinical databases and charts...

INTRODUCTION: While there are many papers on maternal and foetal radiation doses from computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) lung scanning examinations for diagnosing pulmonary embolism in pregnant patients, few have used clinical data to examine the patient lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of different cancer types. This paper aims to estimate the cancer risk from maternal radiation doses from CTPA and V/Q examinations and associated foetal doses...

PURPOSE OF STUDY: The objective of this research is to present our firsthand experience and provide up-to-date data for the further study of cases involving simultaneous breast irradiation using helical Tomotherapy, ©Accuray Inc. METHODS: The radical treatment options for bilateral breast cancer are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Being that radiotherapy for bilateral breast cancer is challenging due to limitations in the geometry of modern radiotherapy equipment, helical Tomotherapy was chosen as an appropriate technique of irradiation...

PURPOSE: To report continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-assisted breathing with supine tangential left breast radiation therapy (CPAP-RT) when deep inspiration breath-hold RT (DIBH-RT) was ineffective or unsuitable. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten patients with left breast cancer underwent computed tomography simulation scan (CT-sim) under DIBH followed by CPAP-assisted breathing (15 cm H2 O) to create CPAP-RT plans in authors' institute. Reasons for CPAP-RT include inability to reproduce DIBH (n = 5), DIBH-RT plan exceeded dose limits to the heart (n = 2), and unable to proceed with planned DIBH-RT due to mechanical issues (n = 3)...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Extreme hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a therapeutic alternative for localized low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Despite the availability of several studies, the toxicity profile of SBRT has not been comprehensively described. This real-world evidence study assessed the efficacy and toxicities associated with this regimen, and potential prognosis factors for genitourinary toxicities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 141 consecutive patients with localized prostatic adenocarcinoma treated with CyberKnife™ SBRT, as primary irradiation, at the Oscar Lambret Center between 2010 and 2020...

BACKGROUND: The study aims to investigate potential dosimetric benefits between non-coplanar and coplanar beam arrangements of Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plans for liver stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). METHODS: Thirteen patients who had undergone liver SBRT treatment in our department were chosen retrospectively for the study. Two sets of SBRT-VMAT plans namely, non-coplanar (NC-VMAT) and Coplanar (C-VMAT) were generated in Monaco(v5.11) planning system for Elekta Versa HD Linac using unflatten 6MV photon...

Prolonged manned space flight exposure risks to galactic comic radiation, has led to uncertainties in a variety of health risks. Our previous work, utilizing either single ion or multiple ion radiation exposure conducted at the NSRL (NASA Space Radiation Laboratory, Brookhaven, NY) demonstrated that HZE ion components of the GCR result in persistent inflammatory signaling, increased mutations, and higher rates of cancer initiation and progression. With the development of the 33-beam galactic cosmic radiation simulations (GCRsim) at the NSRL, we can more closely test on earth the radiation environment found in space...

BACKGROUND: Controversy has recently broken out over the potential carcinogenic risk associated with exposure to UV lamps for permanent nail polish. The new LED-based polymerization devices, and their potential biological effect has not been analyzed to this date. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the emission power and its potential biological effects on the skin of 2 types of UV LED and fluorescent curing lamps under normal use conditions compared to doses of sunlight exposure...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES: To assess osteoradionecrosis (ORN) incidence in a population of Irish Head and Neck cancer (HNC) patients, and assess precipitating factors that may contribute to ORN development to aid prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of 1050 HNC patients attending the Dental Oncology Clinic, CUDSH between 2010 and 2021 identified 47 cases of ORN. Medical, dental and radiotherapy records of these forty-seven patients were retrospectively reviewed...

INTRODUCTION: Lynch syndrome patients have an inherited predisposition to cancer due to a deficiency in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes which could lead to a higher risk of developing cancer if exposed to ionizing radiation. This pilot study aims to reveal the association between MMR deficiency and radiosensitivity at both a CT relevant low dose (20 mGy) and a therapeutic higher dose (2 Gy). METHODS: Human colorectal cancer cell lines with (dMMR) or without MMR deficiency (pMMR) were analyzed before and after exposure to radiation using cellular and cytogenetic analyses i...

Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) poses the risk of radiation exposure (RE) to patients and staff and increases the risk of adverse biological effects such as cataracts, sterility, and cancer. Newer fluoroscopy equipment (C-Arm) provides options to limit radiation in the form of lower radiation dose and frame rate or time-limited "pulsed" settings. However, the impact of lower settings on image quality has not been assessed, and no standard protocol exists for fluoroscopy settings used during ERCP...

BACKGROUND: Plants' raw materials can accumulate chemical elements, including radioisotopes, to some extent and reflect the region they grow in. Due to their high environmental content and toxicity, natural radionuclides - polonium 210 Po and lead 210 Pb are the most dangerous radioisotopes for human health. METHODS: 70 raw medicinal herbal materials from 54 popular wild-growing medicinal plant species, most of them included in the European Pharmacopoeia, were collected across three regions...

INTRODUCTION: In inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), radiotherapy intensification is considered a standard of care by some teams, although the level of evidence remains low. We sought to analyze the impact of radiotherapy modalities on the risk of loco-regional and distant relapse. METHODS: A retrospective multicenter study included patients with localized IBC treated between 2010 and 2017. Standard post-mastectomy radiotherapy consisted of daily fractions to a total dose of 50 Gy equivalent without a boost or bolus, while intensified radiotherapy referred to the use of a boost or bolus...

INTRODUCTION: Post-operative pelvic & acetabular fixation patients are conventionally imaged using 3-view radiographs (AP, inlet and outlet). The efficacy of such radiographs is inconsistent due to technical difficulties capturing an adequate view, often necessitating repeat radiographs and therefore increasing radiation exposure. Radiographs can be difficult to interpret, limiting the assessment of fracture reduction and fixation, especially with respect to metalwork positioning around articular surfaces...

This review aims to furnish an updated assessment of the societal healthcare load, including cancer and cardiovascular disease resulting from diagnostic radiologic operations. The previously projected additional cancer risk of 0.9% in a United States 2004 study referred to radiological conditions in 1996 with an X-ray exposure of 0.50 millisievert (mSv) per capita annually. Radiological exposure (radiology + nuclear medicine) has escalated to 2.29 mSv (2016) per capita per year. Low-dose exposures were previously assumed to have a lower biological impact, since they allow the DNA repair system to mitigate molecular damage...

PURPOSE: Second malignancy is a rare but potentially lethal event after prostate brachytherapy, but data remain scarce on its long-term risk. The objective of this study is to estimate the number of pelvic second malignancies following brachytherapy compared to prostatectomy (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of patients treated with low dose 125 I brachytherapy and prostatectomy in British Columbia from 1999 to 2010. Kaplan Meier (KM) estimates for pelvic (bladder and rectum), invasive pelvic, any second malignancy and death from any second malignancy were assessed...

BACKGROUND: Current automated planning solutions are calibrated using trial and error or machine learning on historical datasets. Neither method allows for the intuitive exploration of differing trade-off options during calibration, which may aid in ensuring automated solutions align with clinical preference. Pareto navigation provides this functionality and offers a potential calibration alternative. The purpose of this study was to validate an automated radiotherapy planning solution with a novel multi-dimensional Pareto navigation calibration interface across two external institutions for prostate cancer...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-guided Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment to prostate bed after radical prostatectomy has garnered growing interests. The aim of this study is to evaluate intra-fractional anatomic and dose/volume metric variations for patients receiving this treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients who received 30-34 Gy in 5 fractions on a 0.35T MR-Linac were included. Pre- and post-treatment MRIs were acquired for each fraction (total of 75 fractions)...

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a relative contraindication to external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer patients due to fear of increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy, capable of minimizing radiation dose to surrounding tissues, is a feasible alternative. Given limited data, this study examined the safety profile of HDR brachytherapy in this setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with localized prostate cancer and IBD treated with HDR brachytherapy at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF), between 2010 and 2022...