keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31651949/higher-gene-flow-in-sex-related-chromosomes-than-in-autosomes-during-fungal-divergence
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fanny E Hartmann, Ricardo C Rodríguez de la Vega, Pierre Gladieux, Wen-Juan Ma, Michael E Hood, Tatiana Giraud
Non-recombining sex chromosomes are widely found to be more differentiated than autosomes among closely related species, due to smaller effective population size and/or to a disproportionaly large X-effect in reproductive isolation. While fungal mating-type chromosomes can also display large non-recombining regions, their levels of differentiation compared to autosomes have been little studied. Anther-smut fungi from the Microbotryum genus are castrating pathogens of Caryophyllaceae plants with largely non-recombining mating-type chromosomes...
October 25, 2019: Molecular Biology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31419225/an-asexual-flower-of-silene-latifolia-and-microbotryum-lychnidis-dioicae-promotes-sex-organ-development
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiroki Kawamoto, Kaori Yamanaka, Ayako Koizumi, Kotaro Ishii, Yusuke Kazama, Tomoko Abe, Shigeyuki Kawano
Silene latifolia is a dioecious flowering plant with sex chromosomes in the family Caryophyllaceae. Development of a gynoecium and stamens are suppressed in the male and female flowers of S. latifolia, respectively. Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae promotes stamen development when it infects the female flower. If suppression of the stamen and gynoecium development is regulated by the same mechanism, suppression of gynoecium and stamen development is released simultaneously with the infection by M. lychnidis-dioicae...
2019: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31394176/-when-worlds-collide-and-smuts-converge-tales-from-the-1-st-international-ustilago-smut-convergence
#23
REVIEW
Barry J Saville, Michael H Perlin
From the evening of March 12, till dinner on March 13, 2017, the 1st International Ustilago/Smut Convergence took place as a workshop prior to the start of the 29th Fungal Genetics Conference, in Asilomar, California. The overall goals of the meeting were to expand the smut model systems being used and to expand participation by the next generations of scientists with these fungi. These goals were implemented through a combination of emphasis on student and post-doc presentations, mentoring of such individuals, and active recruitment of participation by groups under-represented at such meetings in recent years in the US, especially those from Latin America and other Spanish-speaking countries...
August 5, 2019: Fungal Genetics and Biology: FG&B
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31337277/understanding-adaptation-coevolution-host-specialization-and-mating-system-in-castrating-anther-smut-fungi-by-combining-population-and-comparative-genomics
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fanny E Hartmann, Ricardo C Rodríguez de la Vega, Fantin Carpentier, Pierre Gladieux, Amandine Cornille, Michael E Hood, Tatiana Giraud
Anther-smut fungi provide a powerful system to study host-pathogen specialization and coevolution, with hundreds of Microbotryum species specialized on diverse Caryophyllaceae plants, castrating their hosts through manipulation of the hosts' reproductive organs to facilitate disease transmission. Microbotryum fungi have exceptional genomic characteristics, including dimorphic mating-type chromosomes, that make this genus an excellent model for studying the evolution of mating systems and their influence on population genetics structure and adaptive potential...
July 23, 2019: Annual Review of Phytopathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31110694/sympatry-and-interference-of-divergent-microbotryum-pathogen-species
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael E Hood, Janis Antonovics, Monroe Wolf, Zachariah L Stern, Tatiana Giraud, Jessica L Abbate
The impact of infectious diseases in natural ecosystems is strongly influenced by the degree of pathogen specialization and by the local assemblies of potential host species. This study investigated anther-smut disease, caused by fungi in the genus Microbotryum , among natural populations of plants in the Caryophyllaceae. A broad geographic survey focused on sites of the disease on multiple host species in sympatry. Analysis of molecular identities for the pathogens revealed that sympatric disease was most often due to co-occurrence of distinct, host-specific anther-smut fungi, rather than localized cross-species disease transmission...
May 2019: Ecology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31015196/little-evidence-of-antagonistic-selection-in-the-evolutionary-strata-of-fungal-mating-type-chromosomes-microbotryum-lychnidis-dioicae
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Liza Bazzicalupo, Fantin Carpentier, Sarah Perin Otto, Tatiana Giraud
Recombination suppression on sex chromosomes often extends in a stepwise manner, generating evolutionary strata of differentiation between sex chromosomes. Sexual antagonism is a widely accepted explanation for evolutionary strata, postulating that sets of genes beneficial in only one sex are successively linked to the sex-determining locus. The anther-smut fungus Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae has mating-type chromosomes with evolutionary strata, only some of which link mating-type genes. Male and female roles are non-existent in this fungus, but mating-type antagonistic selection can also generate evolutionary strata, although the life cycle of the fungus suggests it should be restricted to few traits...
April 23, 2019: G3: Genes—Genomes—Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30818769/development-of-the-vigs-system-in-the-dioecious-plant-silene-latifolia
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naoko Fujita, Yusuke Kazama, Noriko Yamagishi, Kyoko Watanabe, Saki Ando, Hiroyuki Tsuji, Shigeyuki Kawano, Nobuyuki Yoshikawa, Ken Komatsu
(1) Background: Silene latifolia is a dioecious plant, whose sex is determined by XY-type sex chromosomes. Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae is a smut fungus that infects S. latifolia plants and causes masculinization in female flowers, as if Microbotryum were acting as a sex-determining gene. Recent large-scale sequencing efforts have promised to provide candidate genes that are involved in the sex determination machinery in plants. These candidate genes are to be analyzed for functional characterization. A virus vector can be a tool for functional gene analyses; (2) Methods: To develop a viral vector system in S...
February 27, 2019: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30748052/specificity-and-seasonal-prevalence-of-anther-smut-disease-microbotryum-on-sympatric-himalayan-silene-species
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hui Tang, Michael E Hood, Zong-Xin Ren, Hai-Dong Li, Yan-Hui Zhao, Lorne M Wolfe, De-Zhu Li, Hong Wang
Host sympatry provides opportunities for cross-species disease transmission and compounded disease effects on host population and community structure. Using the Silene-Microbotryum interaction (the castrating "anther-smut" disease), eleven Himalayan Silene species were assessed in regions of high host diversity to ascertain levels of pathogen specificity. We also investigated disease prevalence, seasonal dynamics of infection and flowering patterns in five co-blooming Silene species. We identified several new Microbotryum lineages with varying degrees of specialization that is likely influenced by degrees of host divergence and ecological similarities (i...
February 12, 2019: Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30673476/false-bean-smut-caused-by-slime-mold
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leandro A N N Agra, Claudine D S Seixas, José C Dianese
Identification of the "bean smut" reported in 1998 in abstracts from two conferences was later disseminated by a Plant Disease Note; citations in books, papers, and blogs; and in several official sites, including databases curated by the United States Department of Agriculture and Embrapa-Brazil. After seeing the illustration of the syndrome in 2002, the need became clear for a review of the so-called bean smut. Field collections indicated that it is common in no-till bean and soybean farming in Brazil...
March 2018: Plant Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30411338/the-role-of-infectious-disease-in-the-evolution-of-females-evidence-from-anther-smut-disease-on-a-gynodioecious-alpine-carnation
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily L Bruns, Ian Miller, Michael E Hood, Valentina Carasso, Janis Antonovics
In flowering plants, the evolution of females is widely hypothesized to be the first step in the evolutionary pathway to separate male and female sexes, or dioecy. Natural enemies have the potential to drive this evolution if they preferentially attack hermaphrodites over females. We studied sex-based differences in exposure to anther-smut (Microbotryum), a sterilizing pollinator-transmitted disease, in Dianthus pavonius, a gynodioecious perennial herb. We found that within a heavily diseased population, females consistently had lower levels of Microbotryum spore deposition relative to hermaphrodites and that this difference was driven by rapid floral closing in females following successful pollination...
March 2019: Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30372557/multiple-infections-relatedness-and-virulence-in-the-anther-smut-fungus-castrating-saponaria-plants
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Taiadjana M Fortuna, Alice Namias, Alodie Snirc, Antoine Branca, Michael E Hood, Christian Raquin, Jacqui A Shykoff, Tatiana Giraud
Multiple infections (co-occurrence of multiple pathogen genotypes within an individual host) can have important impacts on diseases. Relatedness among pathogens can affect the likelihood of multiple infections and their consequences through kin selection. Previous studies on the castrating anther-smut fungus Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae have shown that multiple infections occur in its host plant Silene latifolia. Relatedness was high among fungal genotypes within plants, which could result from competitive exclusion between unrelated fungal genotypes, from population structure or from interactions between plant and fungal genotypes for infection ability...
December 2018: Molecular Ecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30142904/spectral-identification-of-disease-in-weeds-using-multilayer-perceptron-with-automatic-relevance-determination
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Afroditi Alexandra Tamouridou, Xanthoula Eirini Pantazi, Thomas Alexandridis, Anastasia Lagopodi, Giorgos Kontouris, Dimitrios Moshou
Microbotryum silybum , a smut fungus, is studied as an agent for the biological control of Silybum marianum (milk thistle) weed. Confirmation of the systemic infection is essential in order to assess the effectiveness of the biological control application and assist decision-making. Nonetheless, in situ diagnosis is challenging. The presently demonstrated research illustrates the identification process of systemically infected S. marianum plants by means of field spectroscopy and the multilayer perceptron/automatic relevance determination (MLP-ARD) network...
August 23, 2018: Sensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30030861/co-occurrence-among-three-divergent-plant-castrating-fungi-in-the-same-silene-host-species
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jessica L Abbate, Pierre Gladieux, Michael E Hood, Damien M de Vienne, Janis Antonovics, Alodie Snirc, Tatiana Giraud
The competitive exclusion principle postulates that different species can only coexist in sympatry if they occupy distinct ecological niches. The goal of this study was to understand the geographical distribution of three species of Microbotryum anther-smut fungi that are distantly related but infect the same host plants, the sister species Silene vulgaris and S. uniflora, in Western Europe. We used microsatellite markers to investigate pathogen distribution in relation to host specialization and ecological factors...
July 21, 2018: Molecular Ecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29995339/effect-of-the-anther-smut-fungus-microbotryum-on-the-juvenile-growth-of-its-host-silene-latifolia
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Janis Antonovics, Jessica L Abbate, Emily L Bruns, Peter D Fields, Nicole J Forrester, Kimberly J Gilbert, Michael E Hood, Timothy Park, Douglas R Taylor
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Plant pathogens that form persistent systemic infections within plants have the potential to affect multiple plant life history traits, yet we tend to focus only on visible symptoms. Anther smut of Silene latifolia caused by the fungus Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae induces the anthers of its host to support fungal spore production instead of pollen, and the pathogen is primarily transmitted among flowering plants by pollinators. Nevertheless, most of its life cycle is spent in the asymptomatic vegetative phase, and spores falling on seedlings or nonflowering plants can also infect the host...
June 2018: American Journal of Botany
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29949590/new-1-3-benzodioxin-4-ones-from-synnemapestaloides-ericacearum-sp-nov-a-biosynthetic-link-to-remarkable-compounds-within-the-xylariales
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joey B Tanney, Justin B Renaud, J David Miller, David R McMullin
Surveys of foliar endophytes from the Acadian forest region over the past three decades have identified numerous phylogenetically diverse fungi producing natural products toxic to forest pests and diseases. The life histories of some conifer endophytes can be restricted to plant foliage or may include saprotrophic phases on other plants tissues or even alternate hosts. Considering the potentially broad host preferences of conifer endophytes we explored fungi isolated from understory species and their metabolites as part of an ongoing investigation of fungal biodiversity from the Acadian forest...
2018: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29792777/dismantling-a-complex-of-anther-smuts-microbotryum-on-carnivorous-plants-in-the-genus-pinguicula
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebekka Ziegler, Matthias Lutz, Jolanta Piątek, Marcin Piątek
The anther smuts of the genus Microbotryum are known from host plant species belonging to the Caryophyllaceae, Dipsacaceae, Lamiaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Montiaceae, and Primulaceae. Of these, the anther smuts on Caryophyllaceae, in particular on Silene spp., are best known because they include model organisms studied in many disciplines of fungal biology. For Microbotryum species parasitic on Caryophyllaceae, a high degree of host specificity was revealed and several cryptic species were described. In contrast, the host specificity within Microbotryum pinguiculae occurring in anthers of different Pinguicula species (Lentibulariaceae) has not been investigated in detail until now...
March 2018: Mycologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29722826/gene-presence-absence-polymorphism-in-castrating-anther-smut-fungi-recent-gene-gains-and-phylogeographic-structure
#37
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Fanny E Hartmann, Ricardo C Rodríguez de la Vega, Jean-Tristan Brandenburg, Fantin Carpentier, Tatiana Giraud
Gene presence-absence polymorphisms segregating within species are a significant source of genetic variation but have been little investigated to date in natural populations. In plant pathogens, the gain or loss of genes encoding proteins interacting directly with the host, such as secreted proteins, probably plays an important role in coevolution and local adaptation. We investigated gene presence-absence polymorphism in populations of two closely related species of castrating anther-smut fungi, Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae (MvSl) and M...
April 1, 2018: Genome Biology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29196496/-pas-de-deux-an-intricate-dance-of-anther-smut-and-its-host
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Su San Toh, Zehua Chen, Eric C Rouchka, David J Schultz, Christina A Cuomo, Michael H Perlin
The successful interaction between pathogen/parasite and host requires a delicate balance between fitness of the former and survival of the latter. To optimize fitness a parasite/pathogen must effectively create an environment conducive to reproductive success, while simultaneously avoiding or minimizing detrimental host defense response. The association between Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae and its host Silene latifolia serves as an excellent model to examine such interactions. This fungus is part of a species complex that infects species of the Caryophyllaceae, replacing pollen with the fungal spores...
February 2, 2018: G3: Genes—Genomes—Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29165363/identification-and-initial-characterization-of-the-effectors-of-an-anther-smut-fungus-and-potential-host-target-proteins
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Venkata S Kuppireddy, Vladimir N Uversky, Su San Toh, Ming-Chang Tsai, William C Beckerson, Catarina Cahill, Brittany Carman, Michael H Perlin
(1) Background: Plant pathogenic fungi often display high levels of host specificity and biotrophic fungi; in particular, they must manipulate their hosts to avoid detection and to complete their obligate pathogenic lifecycles. One important strategy of such fungi is the secretion of small proteins that serve as effectors in this process. Microbotryum violaceum is a species complex whose members infect members of the Caryophyllaceae; M. lychnidis-dioicae , a parasite on Silene latifolia , is one of the best studied interactions...
November 22, 2017: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28792972/three-dimensional-ultrastructural-study-of-the-anther-of-silene-latifolia-infected-with-microbotryum-lychnidis-dioicae
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiroki Kawamoto, Aiko Hirata, Shigeyuki Kawano
When Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae infects a male Silene latifolia, M. lychnidis-dioicae smut spores develop in the pollen sac instead of pollen. In contrast, when M. lychnidis-dioicae infects a female S. latifolia, the female flowers become male-like, promoting stamen formation. However, it is unclear when and how M. lychnidis-dioicae invades the anther. It is important to investigate not only whether hyphae exist when the apical meristem tissue differentiates into flowers and anthers, but also whether hyphae exist when stamen filaments form...
2017: PloS One
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