Guidelines

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Natural structural materials typically feature complex hierarchical anisotropic architectures, resulting in excellent damage tolerance. Such highly anisotropic structures, however, also provide an easy path for crack propagation, often leading to catastrophic fracture as evidenced, for example, by wood splitting. Here, we describe the weakly anisotropic structure of Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) seed shell, which has excellent crack resistance in different directions. Ginkgo seed shell is composed of tightly packed polygonal sclereids with cell walls in which the cellulose microfibrils are oriented in a helicoidal pattern...

Objective: To examine the impact of antipsychotic dose adjustments (mainly reduction) on the efficacy and tolerability of antipsychotic medications (APMs) to facilitate hospital discharge in long-term hospitalized forensic patients with treatment-refractory psychosis. Methods: This was a retrospective review of the medical charts of 22 patients with psychosis who were discharged from January 2020 to August 2020 from a long-term state psychiatric facility after restoration of their competency to stand trial...

Background: Large cardiovascular outcomes trials in individuals with heart failure, with and without diabetes, have demonstrated a significant risk reduction in the composite outcome of cardiovascular death or hospitalizations for heart failure with SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. These positive outcomes have led to the recommendation that SGLT2 inhibitors serve as backbone therapy in patients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). To date, there has not been enough participants in clinical trials on concomitant SGLT2 inhibitor and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor therapy to evaluate the benefits and risks of combination therapy with these two agents outside of smaller subgroup analyses...

The rate at which stimulation is applied to peripheral nerves is critical to generating high-quality intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) in a timely manner. Guidelines based on a limited study and anecdotal evidence present differing, incorrect, or incomplete stimulation rate recommendations. We examined the effect stimulating the ulnar and tibial nerves at 1.05, 2.79, 5.69, and 8.44 Hz had on cortical, subcortical, and peripheral response amplitude and latency in 10 subjects with neuromuscular blockade (NMB) and 10 without NMB in the operating room under general anesthesia...

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are being conducted at an unprecedented rate in population-based cohorts and have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of many complex diseases. Regardless of the context, the practical utility of this information ultimately depends upon the quality of the data used for statistical analyses. Quality control (QC) procedures for GWAS are constantly evolving. Here, we enumerate some of the challenges in QC of genotyped GWAS data and describe the approaches involving genotype imputation of a sample dataset along with post-imputation quality assurance, thereby minimizing potential bias and error in GWAS results...

Risk stratification in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains principle for survival prognostication and treatment selection. The 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) recommendations were recently published, with notable updates to risk group assignment. The complexity of risk stratification and comparative outcomes between the 2022 and 2017 ELN guidelines remains unknown. This comparative analysis evaluated outcomes between the 2017 and 2022 ELN criteria in patients enrolled within the multi-center Beat AML cohort...

This paper reports the results of a public engagement study on heritable human genome editing (HHGE) carried out in South Africa, which was conducted in accordance with a study protocol that was published in this journal in 2021. This study is novel as it is the first public engagement study on HHGE in Africa. It used a deliberative public engagement (DPE) methodology, entailing inter alia that measures were put in place to ensure that potential participants became informed about HHGE, and that deliberations between the participants were facilitated with the aim of seeking consensus...

BACKGROUND: Iodine is one of the crucial micronutrients needed by the human body, and is vitally important during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the iodine status of pregnant women and their knowledge, and practices regarding iodized salt. All participants were enrolled in the Butajira nutrition, mental health and pregnancy (BUNMAP) cohort, Butajira, Ethiopia in February-May, 2019. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 152 pregnant women without hypertension or known thyroid disease before or during pregnancy were randomly selected from the BUNMAP mother to child cohort (n = 832)...

China is determined to accomplish universal preschool education by asking the kindergartens to participate in social responsibility programs. This study intends to assess the level of participation of inclusive kindergartens in social responsibility programs. This study uses the Delphi expert method, integrated ISO26000 International Standard Guidelines for Social Responsibility, CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) Scale, and the characteristics of the preschool education industry to construct a social responsibility evaluation model for inclusive kindergartens...

BACKGROUND: With the reduction in access to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and changes in testing guidelines in Australia, a reduced number of people are seeking testing for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), limiting the opportunity to monitor disease transmission. Knowledge of community transmission of COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses is essential to better predict subsequent surges in cases during the pandemic to alert health services, protect vulnerable populations and enhance public health measures...

OBJECTIVES: In those undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), sarcopenia is a strong prognostic factor for outcomes and mortality. This review identified working definitions and methods used to objectively assess sarcopenia in HNC. METHOD: The scoping review was performed in accordance with Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage methodology and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. INFORMATION SOURCES: Eligible studies were identified using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases...

BACKGROUND: Data on meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for adults (24-H Guidelines) and associations with health indicators by body mass index (BMI) class are needed to support public health surveillance. The aim of this study was to describe the proportion of Canadian adults meeting individual and various combinations of the 24-H Guidelines by BMI class and their association with health indicators. DATA AND METHODS: Data from the cross-sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey cycles 1 to 4 (2007 to 2015, n = 10,515 adults aged 18 to 79 years) were used...

BACKGROUND: Preventive screenings such as mammograms promote health and detect disease. However, mammogram attendance lags clinical guidelines, with roughly one-quarter of women not completing their recommended mammograms. A scalable digital health intervention leveraging behavioral science and reinforcement learning and delivered via email was implemented in a US health system to promote uptake of recommended mammograms among patients who were 1 or more years overdue for the screening (ie, 2 or more years from last mammogram)...

IMPORTANCE: Persistent pain is a common and disabling health problem that is often difficult to treat. There is an increasing interest in medicinal cannabis for treatment of persistent pain; however, the limited superiority of cannabinoids over placebo in clinical trials suggests that positive expectations may contribute to the improvements. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the size of placebo responses in randomized clinical trials in which cannabinoids were compared with placebo in the treatment of pain and to correlate these responses to objective estimates of media attention...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the revised US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria reduced inequities in lung cancer screening (LCS) eligibility among a racially diverse sample of patients with lung cancer. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of adults diagnosed with primary lung malignancies at an urban safety net hospital. For all patients and exclusively ever-smokers, χ2 tests were used to evaluate differences in LCS eligibility among socio-demographic variables using the 2013 and 2021 USPSTF criteria...

BACKGROUND: Long-term laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) outcomes in patients with obesity are scarce. We aimed to examine the outcomes and subjective experience of patients who underwent primary LSG with long-term follow-up. METHODS: The study is a retrospective observational analysis of patients who underwent primary LSG in a single center with 5-15 years of follow-up. Patients' hospital chart data supplemented by a detailed follow-up online questionnaire and telephone interview were evaluated...

Saudi Arabia's ambitious Vision 2030 project was launched in 2016 as a strategy for economic development and national growth, with 11 Vision Realization Programs put in charge of its implementation. The backbone of its Transformation Program for the Health Sector has been the definition of a new Model of Care aiming to deliver 42 coordinated interventions across 6 Systems of Care, with the development of clinical guidelines identified as a key cross-cutting intervention to foster the use of national, evidence-based practices across KSA, reduce care variation, and promote accountable care...

Single microRNA (miRNA) can be inhibited using antagomiR which efficiently knocks down a specific miRNA. However, the effect is transient and often results in subtle phenotype. Here we report a guideline on designing miRNA sponges inhibiting a miRNA family. As a model system, we targeted miR-30 family, known as tumor suppressor miRNAs in multiple tumors. To achieve an efficient knockdown, we generated perfect and bulged-matched miRNA binding sites (MBS) and introduced multiple copies of MBS. The protocol here demonstrates the miRNA sponge as a useful tool to examine the functional impact of inhibition miRNAs...