Radiation Poisoning

UNLABELLED: DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a driver of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA damage response pathway, plays an instrumental role in repairing double-strand breaks (DSB) induced by DNA-damaging poisons. We evaluate ZL-2201, an orally bioavailable, highly potent, and selective pharmacologic inhibitor of DNA-PK activity, for the treatment of human cancerous malignancies. ZL-2201 demonstrated greater selectivity for DNA-PK and effectively inhibited DNA-PK autophosphorylation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner...

Convergent evolution is defined as the independent evolution of similar phenotypes in different lineages. Its existence underscores the importance of external selection pressures in evolutionary history, revealing how functionally similar adaptations can evolve in response to persistent ecological challenges through a diversity of evolutionary routes. However, many examples of convergence, particularly among closely related species, involve parallel changes in the same genes or developmental pathways, raising the possibility that homology at deeper mechanistic levels is an important facilitator of phenotypic convergence...

Today, diazinon is one of the most widely used organophosphorus pesticides, whose widespread use can cause many ecological and biological risks. In this research, a magnetic ZnO/Fe3 O4 nanoparticle was used to investigate the photocatalytic degradation of diazinon. Sol-gel synthesis was used to create the nanoparticle, which was then characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, VSM, and XPS techniques. The design of photocatalytic degradation experiments was done using the response surface method and the Box-Behnken design model...

The catalytic dehydrogenation of alkanes constitutes a key step for the industrial conversion of these inert sp3 -bonded carbon chains into other valuable unsaturated chemicals. To this end, platinum-based materials are among the most widely used catalysts. In this work, we characterize the thermal dehydrogenation of n -octane ( n -C8 H18 ) on Pt(111) under ultra-high vacuum using synchrotron-radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption and scanning tunneling microscopy, combined with ab initio calculations...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Electrocatalytic urea synthesis via coupling N2 and CO2 provides an effective route to mitigate energy crisis and close carbon footprint. However, the difficulty on breaking N≡N is the main reason that caused low efficiencies for both electrocatalytic NH3 and urea synthesis, which is the bottleneck restricting their industrial applications. Herein, a new mechanism to overcome the inert of the nitrogen molecule was proposed by elongating N≡N instead of breaking N≡N to realize one-step C-N coupling in the process for urea production...

BACKGROUND: Parotoid gland secretion of bufonid toads is a rich source of toxic molecules that are used against predators, parasites and pathogens. Bufadienolides and biogenic amines are the principal compounds responsible for toxicity of parotoid secretion. Many toxicological and pharmacological analyses of parotoid secretions have been performed, but little is known about the processes related to poison production and secretion. Therefore, our aim was to investigate protein content in parotoids of the common toad, Bufo bufo, to understand the processes that regulate synthesis and excretion of toxins as well as functioning of parotoid macroglands...

Predation is expected to promote uniformity in the warning coloration of defended prey, but also mimicry convergence between aposematic species. Despite selection constraining both colour-pattern and population divergence, many aposematic animals display numerous geographically structured populations with distinct warning signal. Here, we explore the extent of phenotypic variation of sympatric species of Ranitomeya poison frogs and test for theoretical expectations on variation and convergence in mimetic signals...

INTRODUCTION: Edutainment can be used as a tool to promote health education. OBJECTIVES: To develop an activity from edutainment focusing on occupational health. METHODS: A descriptive study based on literature review and game development through the following steps: research, development, construction, and final product. RESULTS: A trail game was developed containing information on the following occupational diseases: noise-induced hearing loss, work-related voice disorder, pneumoconiosis, repetitive strain injury/work-related musculoskeletal disorders, occupational dermatosis, exposure to biological material, occupational stress, radiation exposure, SARS-CoV-2 infection, child labor, and exogenous poisoning (pesticides)...

Radiation-related injuries are rare. Yet the consequences of an event involving a radiation source can be substantial. As with any clinical emergency that rarely occurs, we are typically less prepared to deal with the situation. Compounding the crisis will be the "worried well" population who may believe that they too are contaminated or suffering from radiation poisoning and report to the hospital for evaluation. Identifying and triaging those who are sick or injured, managing the surge of patients, and knowing where resources can be accessed are all essential...

INTRODUCTION: Industrial disasters can have a myriad of repercussions ranging from deaths, injuries, and long-term adverse health impacts on nearby populations, to political fallout and environmental damage. This is a descriptive epidemiological analysis of industrial disasters occurring between 1995 and 2021 which may provide useful insight for healthcare systems and disaster medicine specialists to better prevent and mitigate the effects of future industrial disasters. METHODS: Data was collected using a retrospective database search of the Emergency Events Database (EM-DATS) for all industrial disasters occurring between January 1, 1995 - December 31, 2021...

Gadolinium is a soluble neutron poison for ensuring criticality safety of nuclear facility. A neutron induced gamma activation device was developed for the on-line measurement of gadolinium. The experimental device consisted of an 241 Am-Be neutron source, six 3 He detectors and a liquid scintillation detector. The size of sample container was optimized by using Monte Carlo simulations. Aqueous sample containing gadolinium nitrate were conducted with the device to obtain the calibration curve, and neutron self-shielding effect was also studied to correct the non-linear response...

Geoengineering techniques such as solar radiation management (SRM) could be part of a future technology portfolio to limit global temperature change. However, there is public opposition to research and deployment of SRM technologies. We use 814,924 English-language tweets containing #geoengineering globally over 13 years (2009-2021) to explore public emotions, perceptions, and attitudes toward SRM using natural language processing, deep learning, and network analysis. We find that specific conspiracy theories influence public reactions toward geoengineering, especially regarding "chemtrails" (whereby airplanes allegedly spray poison or modify weather through contrails)...

BACKGROUND: Trihalomethanes (THMs), a class of DBPs (disinfection byproducts) that includes chloroform, bromodichloromethane (BDCM), chlorodibromomethane (CDBM), and bromoform. To the best of authors' knowledge, no study has addressed the relationship between the concentration of THMs and lifetime cancer risks (LCR) in drinking water supply system in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the lifetime cancer risks of exposure to THMs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHOD: A total of 120 duplicate water samples were collected from 21 sampling points in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia...

A new strategy for nereistoxin-related insecticide, cartap, detection in foodstuff and the environment is of great importance due to its poisoning of human beings through direct exposure or via biomagnification. Herein, a highly planar conjugated sp2 carbon-connected COF (F-Csp 2 -TT) was synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation reaction followed by the post-modification to develop a new platform for cartap visual detection in agricultural and food samples. The synergistic effect of highly planar conjugation and dense functional groups in the opened framework endowed F-Csp 2 -TT with a high-precision luminescence sensing performance...

Cereal grains are a favorable habitat for aflatoxin- producing fungus to develop. the current investigation was carried out to evaluate the quantity and kind of contaminated imported grains and rice generated in the province of Shiraz, Iran. A total of 60 random rice samples were taken from paddy fields in October and November 2020. Aspergillus genera were detected using PCR. HPLC was used to determine the quantity and type of aflatoxin and mycotoxins in samples collected. Irradiation studies were carried out utilizing a collimated beam system with wavelengths ranging from 200 to 360 nm...

The microscopy research at the Bionanoprobe (currently at beamline 9-ID and later 2-ID after APS-U) of Argonne National Laboratory focuses on applying synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques to obtain trace elemental mappings of cryogenic biological samples to gain insights about their role in critical biological activities. The elemental mappings and the morphological aspects of the biological samples, in this instance, the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. Coli), also serve as label-free biological fingerprints to identify E...

Quantum error correction can preserve quantum information in the presence of local errors, but correlated errors are fatal. For superconducting qubits, high-energy particle impacts from background radioactivity produce energetic phonons that travel throughout the substrate and create excitations above the superconducting ground state, known as quasiparticles, which can poison all qubits on the chip. We use normal metal reservoirs on the chip back side to downconvert phonons to low energies where they can no longer poison qubits...

Currently, protective clothing used in clinical field is the most representative example of efforts to reduce radiation exposure to radiation workers. However, lead is classified as a substance harmful to the human body that can cause lead poisoning. Therefore, research on the development of lead-free radiation shielding bodies is being conducted. In this study, the shielding body was manufactured by changing the size, layer, and height of the nozzle, using a 90.7% pure tungsten filament, a 3D printer material, and we compared its performance with existing protection tools...

The interaction between di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in physiological Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.4 was investigated by fluorescence quenching technique. By analyzing the fluorescence spectrum and intensity, it was observed that the DBP had a strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA through a static quenching procedure. The binding constants K and the number of binding sites n of DBP with BSA were calculated to be 0.11 × 102 L·mol-1 and 0.52 at 298 K, respectively...