reverse ossification

OBJECTIVE: Stimulation of cementogenesis is essential to cementum regeneration and root restoration. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the regulatory networks of periodontal regeneration processes. We identified and analysed differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs associated with cementogenic differentiation of cementoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OCCM-30 immortalized mouse cementoblast cells were induced in cementogenic medium for 7 and 14 days...

BACKGROUND: The progressive deterioration of tissue-tissue crosstalk with aging causes a striking impairment of tissue homeostasis and functionality, particularly in the musculoskeletal system. Rejuvenation of the systemic and local milieu via interventions such as heterochronic parabiosis and exercise has been reported to improve musculoskeletal homeostasis in aged organisms. We have shown that Ginkgolide B (GB), a small molecule from Ginkgo biloba, improves bone homeostasis in aged mice by restoring local and systemic communication, implying a potential for maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis and enhancing regeneration...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chinese Ecliptae herba (Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.) is an ethnomedicinal herb, which is used mainly to nourish kidney and thus strengthen bones according to traditional Chinese medicine theory. Pharmacological studies have supported the ethnomedicine use, showing that Ecliptae herba extract has an anti-osteoporotic effect in vivo and promoted osteoblast proliferation and activity in vitro. However, the molecular mechanism of Ecliptae herba on osteoblast differentiation from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC), the progenitors of osteoblasts, is still unclear...

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate bone metastasis induced by Notch signalling pathway dysregulation and to demonstrate that SPARC is a potential therapeutic target in adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) with Notch dysregulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled 144 AdCC patients. RNA-sequencing and enrichment analyses were performed using 32 AdCC samples. Osteonectin/SPARC and the Notch activation indicator Notch intracellular domain (NICD) were detected using immunohistochemistry...

Fracture healing is a complex physiological process in which angiogenesis plays an essential role. Microfibril-associated glycoprotein-2 (MAGP2) has been reported to possess a pro-angiogenic activity via integrin αvβ3, yet its role in bone repair is unexplored. Here, a critical-sized femoral defect (2 mm) was created in mice, followed by delivery of adenovirus-based MAGP2 overexpression vector (Ad-oeMAGP2) or its negative control (Ad-oeNC) at the fracture site. At Days 7, 14, 21, and 28 postfracture, bone fracture healing was evaluated by radiography, microcomputed tomography (microCT), and histopathological analysis...

BACKGROUND: Evidence is building that a functional subscapularis improves function-specifically internal rotation tasks-following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). However, the optimal method for subscapularis repair during rTSA remains unknown with variable healing rates reported. This study aims to investigate the rate of and predictors for healing a lesser tuberosity osteotomy (LTO) following rTSA. METHODS: Following local institutional review board approval, patients with at least one-year follow-up for rTSA managed with an LTO and subsequent repair between March, 2017 and March, 2020 were retrospectively identified...

There exists paucity in recorded literature on the detailed microscopic appearance of elongated styloid processes (ESPs) in patients with Eagle's syndrome (ES). Although literature is replete with numerous conflicting and inconclusive theories, the exact cause, mechanism of origin, development and progression of styloid apparatus enlargement remains unclear and ambiguous. To carry out detailed histopathogical examination of excised specimen of ESPs in a patient with ES, with the objective to determine its precise etiomorphogenesis, and to analyse the role of possible triggering factors...

BACKGROUND: The effect of functional orthopedic treatment for mandibular deficiency relies on mandibular advancement (MA)-induced condylar new bone formation. However, this is not easy to achieve, especially in non-growing patients. Therefore, how to obtain reliable MA-induced condylar osteogenesis is much worthy of studying. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether deferoxamine mesylate (DFM) enhances MA-induced condylar osteogenesis in middle-aged mice. METHODS: Forty 30-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control (Ctrl), DFM, MA+Ctrl, and MA+DFM groups...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the quality of femoral fracture callus formation in rats with severe osteoporosis secondary to spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: Forty-five male rats were equally divided into three groups: the Sham group underwent sham surgery for SCI followed by surgery for femoral fracture on day ten post-spine surgery; the SCI group sustained a complete transection of the spinal cord and a femoral fracture ten days post-SCI; and the SCI group treated with ultrasound (SCI + US), which also sustained a femoral fracture on day ten post-SCI, concomitant with daily application of LIPUS at the fracture site...

Early limb skeletogenesis in salamanders is characterized by preaxial elements, digits I and II forming earlier than their postaxial counterparts (digits III to V), a phenomenon known as preaxial dominance, whereas in amniotes and anurans, these developmental sequences are reversed. This pattern characterizes the late skeletogenesis of digits and zeugopodium of anamniote tetrapods but remains unknown in carpals/tarsals. To correct this gap in knowledge, we investigate the ossification patterns of the carpals/tarsals in six salamander families/clades based on micro-computed tomography scans...

Vascular calcification (VC) is active and regulates extraosseous ossification progress, which is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Endothelial cells (ECs) line the innermost layer of blood vessels and directly respond to changes in flow shear stress and blood composition. Together with vascular smooth muscle cells, ECs maintain vascular homeostasis. Increased evidence shows that ECs have irreplaceable roles in VC due to their high plasticity. Endothelial progenitor cells, oxidative stress, inflammation, autocrine and paracrine functions, mechanotransduction, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and other factors prompt ECs to participate in VC...

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a refractory autoimmune disease, whose typical pathology is the development of inflammation to ossification and ankylosis. Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is considered to be a key factor involved in inflammatory gene transduction, but its role in AS remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the role and possible mechanism of HDAC1 in AS based on the Wnt-Smad pathway. Fibroblasts were isolated from hip synovial tissues of AS patients, adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to regulate the expression of HDAC1, DKK-1 and SIS3 was used to inhibit Wnt and Smad, respectively...

BACKGROUND: The ossification of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) plays an important initial role in the formation of kidney stones, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway is important for bone cell differentiation. Accordingly, we explored the role and mechanism of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in the ossification of RTECs. METHODS: We used oxalate or ethylene glycol to construct kidney stone models in vitro and in vivo, and investigated the expression of osteogenic-specific genes, osteogenesis ability, and JAK2/STAT3 signaling in the kidney stone models by western blotting, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry...

Heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs when bone forms within non-ossifying tissues, such as in muscle. Palovarotene, an activator of retinoic acid receptor γ (RAR-γ), has been shown to inhibit the formation of ectopic bone in HO model mice, but its specific mechanism of action remains unclear. This study will explore the target and molecular mechanism of Palovarotene's action on HO by network pharmacology study. We collected the relevant targets of Palovarotene and HO from the database, obtained the potential targets of Palovarotene acting on HO through Venn analysis, and constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network...

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common disease characterized by pain, dysfunction and calcification. The mechanisms underlying HO have not been completely elucidated. Palovarotene, a retinoic acid receptor γ agonist, significantly inhibits the formation of HO in vivo. However, its specific mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the signalling pathways related to the formation of HO as well as the mechanism of palovarotene action. We constructed in vitro and in vivo models of HO...

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is defined as the formation of bone tissues outside the bones, such as in the muscles. Currently, the mechanism of HO is still unclear. Tendon stem cells (TSCs) play important roles in the occurrence and development of HO. The inflammatory microenvironment dominated by macrophages also plays an important role in the course of HO. The commonly used clinical treatment methods, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and radiotherapy, have relatively large side effects, and more efficient treatment methods are needed in clinical practice...

BACKGROUND: Lateralized onlay reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) are designed to ensure better clinical functional recovery and lower rate of complications compared to Grammont medialized inlay RSA. The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes between these two different designs. METHODS: Eighty-five consecutive patients undergoing RSA were retrospectively analyzed. Nine patients were lost at FU; thirty-four received a curved onlay 145° NSA (Ascend Flex group) and forty-two received a long straight inlay stem with a 155° NSA (Delta Xtend group)...

Connexin 43- (Cx43-) mediated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF- κ B) signaling has been found involved in the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). However, the underlying mechanism how OPLL is regulated has not been elucidated. In the present study, primary ligament fibroblast were isolated; immunoprecipitation (IP) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assays were applied to identify potential binding proteins of Cx43. Protein interaction was then confirmed by co-IP assay...

Background: Vascular calcification (VC) is the most widespread pathological change in diseases of the vascular system. However, we know poorly about the molecular mechanisms and effective therapeutic approaches of VC. Methods: The VC dataset, GSE146638, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Using the edgeR package to screen Differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were used to find pathways affecting VC...

As an essential component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cartilage, the α2 chain of type IX collagen (Col9a2), has been implicated in human intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). However, the precise role of the Col9a2 gene in the pathogenesis of IVDD has remained elusive. In the present study, the spines of Col9a2-deficient (Col9a2-/- ) mice were systematically analyzed and compared with wild-type control mice using micro-CT (µCT), histomorphology, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)...