obesity, diet, exercise

Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (TCAi) have been proposed to act as myokines that influence energy metabolism. We determined if 2-weeks of low-calorie diet with interval exercise (LCD + INT) would increase TCAi more than a low-calorie diet (LCD). Twenty-three women were randomized to 2-weeks of LCD (n = 12, 48.4 ± 2.5 years, 37.8 ± 1.5 kg/m2 , ~1200 kcal/d) or LCD + INT (n = 11, 47.6 ± 4...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents a complex interplay of chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and is associated with various extraintestinal manifestations, including cardiovascular complications (CVCs). IBD patients face an elevated risk of CVCs, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, stroke, peripheral artery disease, venous thromboembolism, and mesenteric ischemia, necessitating comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment and management. The intricate interplay between chronic inflammation, genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune dysregulation likely contributes to the development of CVCs in IBD patients...

INTRODUCTION: Chronic weight management and treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D) involve a combination of lifestyle-based (diet, exercise) and pharmaceutical interventions. In people with obesity or T2D, understanding the impact of drivers/triggers on appetite and eating behaviors can be crucial to successful medical management. This study aimed to characterize perceptions and experiences regarding appetite and eating behaviors among people with obesity or T2D and identify drivers/triggers of food choices...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Bariatric surgery is highly effective against obesity. Pre-surgical exercise programs are recommended to prepare the candidate physically and metabolically for surgery-related rapid weight loss. However, the ideal exercise prescription in this population is unknown. This study aimed to compare the metabolic effects of moderate-intensity constant (MICT) vs. a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program in candidates to undergo bariatric surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-five candidates (22 women) to undergo sleeve gastrectomy aged from 18 to 60 years old were recruited...

BACKGROUND: New obesity medications result in large weight losses. However, long-term adherence in a real-world setting is challenging, and termination of obesity medication results in weight regain towards pre-treatment body weight. Therefore, we investigated whether weight loss and improved body composition are sustained better at 1 year after termination of active treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, supervised exercise program, or both combined for 1 year...

Diet and exercise intervention are the first strategies to counteract obesity. An online home-based exercise program may be a feasible approach in an obese population. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of twelve weeks of online Pilates plus diet on body composition in individuals affected by obesity. Thirty-five females were randomly assigned to a home-based Pilates group (PG, n = 18) or a group without intervention (control group, CG, n = 17). All participants followed a Mediterranean diet...

In recent years, excessive body weight has become one of the most serious psychological, biological and social problems. According to forecasts by the World Health Organization, obesity and overweight will continue to increase among both adults and children in the coming years. Poland ranks sixth in Europe in this respect. In 2021, almost 58% of Poles had above-average body weight (overweight or obesity). In Poland, 29% of women are overweight, and 21% of women are obese. Body dissatisfaction, depression, and anxiety disorder are indicated as consequences of high BMI in women...

Higher rates of obesity in rural compared to urban districts suggest environmental differences that affect student health. This study examined urban-rural differences in districts' local wellness policies (LWPs) and LWP implementation environments. Cross-sectional data from two assessments in Texas were analyzed. In assessment one, each district's LWP was reviewed to see if 16 goals were included. In assessment two, an audit was conducted to identify the presence of a wellness plan (a document with recommendations for implementing LWPs), triennial LWP assessment, and school health advisory councils (SHACs) on the district website...

The prevalence of obesity increases alarmingly every year mostly due to external factors such as high-fat and high-refined sugar intake associated with a sedentary lifestyle. It triggers metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, hyperlipemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of a combined intervention with caloric restriction, nutraceutical intake, and a mixed training protocol on oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis derived from the development of obesity in a C57BL6/J mouse experimental model of diet-induced obesity (4...

BACKGROUND: While many factors, including social determinants of health, affect cancer mortality, one modifiable risk factor that may contribute to cancer disparities is obesity. The prevalence of obesity in the American Indian/Alaska Native population is 48.1% per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The overall cancer mortality for the American Indian/Alaska Native population is 18% higher than the White population as reported by the American Cancer Society. Interventions tailored to American Indian/Alaska Native communities that promote healthy lifestyle behaviors after cancer diagnosis and prior to cancer surgery (prehab) might improve cancer outcomes for this population...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a global public health concern. The goal of this study was to see if eating habits could mediate the relationship between psychological distress and weight maintenance in a population with a history of weight cycling. METHODS: A 3-month outpatient intervention consisting of a diet and exercise program was provided to 153 participants. Psychological distress, appetite, and behavior were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. Anthropometric measurements were taken at baseline and six months...

Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that increases the burden of different chronic diseases in the population. It has reached epidemic proportions and is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and some malignancies. Weight gain is a result of excessive energy intake compared to energy expenditure (energy loss from metabolism and physical exercise). A ketogenic diet has a more useful effect on obesity than other diets...

BACKGROUND: Chronic low-grade inflammatory profile (CLIP) is one of the pathways involved in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Currently, there is limited evidence for ameliorating effects of combined lifestyle interventions on CLIP in type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether a 13-week combined lifestyle intervention, using hypocaloric diet and resistance exercise plus high-intensity interval training with or without consumption of a protein drink, affected CLIP in older adults with T2D. METHODS: In this post-hoc analysis of the PROBE study 114 adults (≥55 years) with obesity and type 2 (pre-)diabetes had measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), and soluble tumor-necrosis-factor receptor (sTNFR)1, adipokines leptin and adiponectin, and glycation biomarkers carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) from fasting blood samples...

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), a term encompassing various disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, includes coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is primarily due to the development of atherosclerotic plaques that disrupt blood flow, oxygenation, and nutrient delivery to the myocardium. Risk factors contributing to CAD progression include smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia, and obesity. While aerobic exercise (AE) has shown promising results in controlling CVD risk factors, the impact of resistance training (RT) has not been extensively investigated...

OBJECTIVE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and has been a focus of extensive research. Utilizing Mendelian randomization, researchers have begun to untangle the complex causal relationships underlying CKD. This review delves into the advances and challenges in the application of MR in the field of nephrology, shifting from a mere summary of its principles and limitations to a more nuanced exploration of its contributions to our understanding of CKD...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the main cause of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents. Indeed, epidemiological studies have shown that MASLD affects up to 40% of children with obesity. Despite the recent approval of medications that target weight loss in adolescents that could have benefits on pediatric MASLD, lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise, remain the mainstay of our therapeutic approach...

BACKGROUND: People with disabilities face challenges in daily life during the COVID-19 pandemic, including limited access to care, exposure to lifestyle-related diseases, and difficulties in regular exercise. Therefore, it is important to establish health safety nets using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in communities. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop an m-Health-based personalized lifestyle intervention algorithm targeting high-risk groups of lifestyle-related diseases (including hypertension, diabetes, and obesity) among people with hemiplegic disabilities, and to verify its feasibility...

Background: Western populations are losing the battle over healthy weight management, and excess body weight is a notable cancer risk factor at the population level. There is ongoing interest in pharmacological interventions aimed at promoting weight loss, including GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), which may be a useful tool to stem the rising tide of obesity-related cancers. Purpose: To investigate the potential of next generation weight loss drugs (NGWLD) like GLP-1RA in population-level chemoprevention...

Obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and the gut microbiome intricately interplay in Metabolic-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), previously known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), a growing health concern. The complex progression of MASLD extends beyond the liver, driven by "gut-liver axis," where diet, genetics, and gut-liver interactions influence disease development. The pathophysiology of MASLD involves excessive liver fat accumulation, hepatocyte dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis, with subsequent risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of the complex relationship between obesity and preeclampsia (PE) and emphasizes the clinical implications of this association. It highlights the crucial role of screening tools in assessing individual risk and determining the need for additional antenatal care among women with obesity. The review investigates various markers for identifying the risk of developing PE, while emphasizing the significance of interventions such as exercise, weight management, and a balanced diet in reducing the incidence of preeclampsia and improving outcomes for both mother and fetus...