tuberculosis presentation

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis remains one of the top ten causes of mortality globally. Children accounted for 12% of all TB cases and 18% of all TB deaths in 2022. Paediatric TB is difficult to diagnose with conventional laboratory tests, and chest radiographs remain crucial. However, in low-and middle-income countries with high TB burden, the capacity for radiological diagnosis of paediatric TB is rarely documented and data on the associated radiation exposure limited. METHODS: A multicentre, mixed-methods study is proposed in three countries, Mozambique, South Africa and Spain...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Rare yet significant, this case sheds light on the uncommon presentation of Waldmann's disease in adults, showcasing the diagnostic challenges it poses. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating clinical, endoscopic, histological, and radiological evaluations, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of this complex disorder. ABSTRACT: Waldmann's disease, or primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, is a rare disorder characterized by protein-losing enteropathy due to dilation and leakage of intestinal lymphatic vessels...

Lemierre's syndrome is characterized by internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis and bacteremia, primarily from anaerobic organisms. The condition usually arises after a recent oropharyngeal infection. Young, healthy people with prolonged pharyngitis that progresses into septicemia, pneumonia, or lateral neck stiffness should be suspected of having Lemierre's syndrome. Identifying internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis and developing anaerobic bacterial growth on blood culture are frequently used to confirm the diagnosis...

Background . The syndrome of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) is a rare oculorenal condition, mainly seen in children and women. The underlying cause of this disease is unknown. Case Presentation . We report a 24-year-old male without any past medical history, diagnosed with bilateral uveitis and azotemia. Biopsy revealed tubulointerstitial nephritis, consistent with TINU syndrome. Fluorescein angiogram revealed peripheral retinal vasculitis. Discussion . TINU is a rare disorder that needs to be distinguished from sarcoidosis, Sjogren's disease, and tuberculosis...

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC?: Given the challenges presented by drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis (TB) and the rising mobility of the population, achieving the objective of eradicating TB appears uncertain. WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT?: The examination of TB incidence trends in 10 high-burden countries (HBCs) indicated a steady rise in cases, with India and China jointly accounting for nearly 70% of the burden. Projections for the future show diverse trajectories in these countries, with potential difficulties in reaching the TB elimination target, especially in Nigeria, Congo, and South Africa...

This study aimed to identify opportunistic infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in Turkey. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review of the studies published up to October 1, 2022, in the Pubmed, Web of Science (WoS), and ULAKBİM TR Dizin databases. We searched for medical subject headings (MeSH) terms of (HIV) OR (AIDS) OR (human immunodeficiency virus) AND (opportunistic infections) AND (Turkey). Fifty-five studies in Pubmed, 68 in WoS, and 212 in ULAKBİM TR Dizin were listed with these keywords...

OBJECTIVE: To review current status of surgical treatment for angular kyphosis in spinal tuberculosis and provide reference for clinical treatment. METHODS: The literature on the surgical treatment for angular kyphosis of spinal tuberculosis in recent years was extensively reviewed and summarized from the aspects of surgical indications, surgical contraindications, surgical approach, selection of osteotomy, and perioperative management. RESULTS: Angular kyphosis of spine is a common complication in patients with spinal tuberculosis...

The liver, which presents as a focal point for tuberculosis in pediatric cases, is rarely encountered, and reported instances are scarce. This atypical manifestation underscores the management of tuberculosis affecting this particular organ in the context of pediatric patients. The treatment of solitary tubercular liver abscesses in children necessitates a collaborative approach, engaging pediatricians, infectious disease specialists, and interventional radiologists. It also needs awareness among physicians to explore and treat early and to complete further assessments for a better outcome...

People living with HIV (PLWH) usually suffer from co-infections and co-morbidities including respiratory tract infections. SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to cause respiratory infections. There are uncertainties in the disease severity and immunological response among PLWH who are co-infected with COVID-19. This review outlines the current knowledge on the clinical outcomes and immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 among PLWH. Literature was searched in Google scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct conforming with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines from studies published from January 2020 to June 2023...

Computer-aided detection algorithms based on artificial intelligence are increasingly being tested and used as a means for detecting tuberculosis in countries where the epidemic is still present. Computer-aided detection tools are often presented as a global solution that can be deployed in all the geographical areas concerned by tuberculosis, but at the same time, they need to be adjusted and calibrated according to local populations' characteristics. The aim of this article is to analyze the tensions between the standardization of computer-aided detection algorithms and their local adaptation and the political issues associated with these tensions...

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an essential cause of tuberculosis treatment failure and death of tuberculosis patients. The rapid and reliable profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug resistance in the early stage is a critical research area for public health. Then, most traditional approaches for detecting MTB are time-consuming and costly, leading to the inappropriate therapeutic schedule resting on the ambiguous information of MTB drug resistance, increasing patient economic burden, morbidity, and mortality...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Gastric Outlet Obstruction (GOO) is a clinical syndrome due to mechanical obstruction of the gastric outlet near the antrum. The incidence of GOO is not known adequately; however, it is estimated that its incidence has declined in recent years as the incidence of peptic ulcer disease, which is the common cause of GOO, has been declining recently due to the use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI). The objective of this case report to highlight the importance of consideration of TB as a cause of GOO by affecting the duodenal wall and nearby lymph node enlargement...

Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most effective intravesical immunotherapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), administered after its transurethral resection. Although its instillation is generally well tolerated, BCG-related infectious complications may occur in up to 5% of patients. Clinical manifestations may arise in conjunction with initial BCG instillation or develop months or years after the last BCG instillation. The range of presentations and potential severity pose an imminent challenge for clinicians...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which shows a long treatment cycle often leads to drug resistance, making treatment more difficult. Immunogens present in the pathogen's cell membrane can stimulate endogenous immune responses. Therefore, an effective lipid-based vaccine or drug delivery vehicle formulated from the pathogen's cell membrane can improve treatment outcomes. Herein, we extracted and characterized lipids from Mycobacterium smegmatis , and the extracts contained lipids belonging to numerous lipid classes and compounds typically found associated with mycobacteria...

Tuberculosis (TB) is among the most predominant infectious illnesses in developing areas around the globe. As stated by the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of instances of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has increased lately. This case report describes the effective diagnosis and customized treatment for primary extra-pulmonary multidrug-resistant tubercular pleural effusion, a disease which is difficult to identify due to relatively low bacterial count as well as frequently negative staining on Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) for acid-fast bacilli (AFB)...

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is an infrequently reported condition. However, in endemic settings, it contributes to a significant number of cases. The most common site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is the lymph nodes. Herein, an exceedingly rare case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis presenting as bilateral cervical lymphadenitis with external cerebral watershed infarct along with sphenoid and maxillary sinusitis in an Indian male is presented. A detailed literature search revealed that a case with all these clinical conditions together has never been reported to date...

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases among cancers and tuberculosis is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Many studies have mentioned the connection between lung cancer and tuberculosis, and also the microRNAs that play a significant role in the development of these two diseases. This study aims to use different databases to find effective miRNAs and their role on different genes on lung and tuberculosis diseases. Also determining the role of miR-34a and miR-182 in lung cancer and tuberculosis...

Due to its emerging resistance to first-line anti-TB medications, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most contagious illness in the world. According to reports, the effectiveness of treating TB is severely impacted by drug resistance, notably resistance caused by mutations in the pncA gene-encoded pyrazinamidase (PZase) to the front-line drug pyrazinamide (PZA). The present study focused on investigating the resistance mechanism caused by the mutations D12N, T47A, and H137R to better understand the structural and molecular events responsible for the resistance acquired by the pncA gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) at the structural level...

BACKGROUND: Tumour budding Tuberculosis is a new prognostic marker whose role in breast cancer is still under evaluation. Our aim was to study Tuberculosis in breast carcinoma and correlate it with other prognostic markers. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over 2 years on 75 invasive breast carcinoma specimens and biopsies. Hematoxylin and Eosin sections were examined for tumour grade, stage, molecular subtype, necrosis, lymphovascular invasion inflammation and counting of Tuberculosis...

Tuberculosis-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (TB-HLH) is a rare and life-threatening complication of tuberculosis infection. Early recognition and treatment of TB-HLH is crucial for improving outcomes. Treatment typically involves a combination of antituberculosis therapy and immunosuppressive therapy to control the immune system's overreaction. In this report, we present the case of a 53-year-old ambulance driver who was diagnosed with TB-HLH. His CT scan revealed splenic abscesses, hepatomegaly and bilateral lung consolidation...