keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38175241/extracellular-production-of-antifungal-peptides-from-oxidative-endotoxin-free-e-coli-and-application
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mengning Sun, Linglong Fu, Tong Chen, Na Dong
Antifungal peptides (AFPs) can be used as novel preservatives, but achieving large-scale production and application remains a long-term challenge. In this study, we developed a hybrid peptide MD (metchnikowin-drosomycin fusion) secreted into Escherichia coli supernatant, demonstrating strong inhibitory activity against Aspergillus flavus and Botrytis cinerea. The fusion tag did not impact its activity. Moreover, an endotoxin-free and oxidative leaky strain was developed by knocking out the trxB, gor, and lpp genes of endotoxin-free E...
December 2024: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37941391/a-drosophila-melanogaster-model-shows-that-fast-growing-metarhizium-species-are-the-deadliest-despite-eliciting-a-strong-immune-response
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan B Wang, Hsiao-Ling Lu, Huiyu Sheng, Raymond J St Leger
We used Drosophila melanogaster to investigate how differences between Metarhizium species in growth rate and mechanisms of pathogenesis influence the outcome of infection. We found that the most rapid germinators and growers in vitro and on fly cuticle were the fastest killers, suggesting that pre-penetration competence is key to Metarhizium success. Virulent strains also induced the largest immune response, which did not depend on profuse growth within hosts as virulent toxin-producing strains only proliferated post-mortem while slow-killing strains that were specialized to other insects grew profusely pre-mortem...
December 2023: Virulence
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37868078/the-reproductive-status-determines-tolerance-and-resistance-to-mycobacterium-marinum-in-drosophila-melanogaster
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marta Arch, Maria Vidal, Esther Fuentes, Anmaw Shite Abat, Pere-Joan Cardona
Sex and reproductive status of the host have a major impact on the immune response against infection. Our aim was to understand their impact on host tolerance or resistance in the systemic Mycobacterium marinum infection of Drosophila melanogaster . We measured host survival and bacillary load at time of death, as well as expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of immune genes (diptericin and drosomycin). We also assessed the impact of metabolic and hormonal regulation in the protection against infection by measuring expression of upd3, impl2 and ecR...
2023: Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37858612/functional-characterization-of-a-deformed-epidermal-autoregulatory-factor-1-gene-in-litopenaeus-vannamei
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qian-Ming Hong, Xin-Jun Yang, Meng-En Zhang, Qi Chen, Yi-Hong Chen
Innate immunity is crucial for invertebrate defense against pathogenic infections. Numerous studies have indicated that the Toll-NF-κB pathway plays an important role in this process, particularly in anti-bacterial and anti-fungal immunity. Although the function of this pathway has been studied extensively, there are still uncertainties regarding its role in shrimp. In this study, we investigated the functions of Deformed Epidermal Autoregulatory Factor 1 (LvDEAF1) in Litopenaeus vannamei, a member of the Toll-NF-κB pathway...
October 17, 2023: Developmental and Comparative Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37693001/effect-of-aminergic-signaling-on-the-humoral-innate-immunity-response-of-drosophila
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giulia Cattabriga, Giorgia Giordani, Giuseppe Gargiulo, Valeria Cavaliere
Biogenic amines are crucial signaling molecules that modulate various physiological life functions both in vertebrates and invertebrates. In humans, these neurotransmitters influence the innate and adaptive immunity systems. In this work, we analyzed whether the aminergic neurotransmission of dopamine, serotonin, and octopamine could have an impact on the humoral innate immune response of Drosophila melanogaster . This is a powerful model system widely used to uncover the insect innate immunity mechanisms which are also conserved in mammals...
2023: Frontiers in Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37623416/atg2-regulates-cellular-and-humoral-immunity-in-drosophila
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bo Qin, Shichao Yu, Qiming Chen, Li Hua Jin
Autophagy is a process that promotes the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and is highly conserved in eukaryotic organisms. Autophagy maintains homeostasis in organisms and regulates multiple developmental processes, and autophagy disruption is related to human diseases. However, the functional roles of autophagy in mediating innate immune responses are largely unknown. In this study, we sought to understand how Atg2 , an autophagy-related gene, functions in the innate immunity of Drosophila melanogaster ...
August 14, 2023: Insects
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37006283/parasitic-nematode-secreted-phospholipase-a-2-suppresses-cellular-and-humoral-immunity-by-targeting-hemocytes-in-drosophila-melanogaster
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sophia C Parks, Ogadinma K Okakpu, Pakeeza Azizpor, Susan Nguyen, Stephanie Martinez-Beltran, Isaiah Claudio, Kyle Anesko, Anil Bhatia, Harpal S Dhillon, Adler R Dillman
A key aspect of parasitic nematode infection is the nematodes' ability to evade and/or suppress host immunity. This immunomodulatory ability is likely driven by the release of hundreds of excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs) during infection. While ESPs have been shown to display immunosuppressive effects on various hosts, our understanding of the molecular interactions between individual proteins released and host immunity requires further study. We have recently identified a secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2 ) released from the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Steinernema carpocapsae we have named Sc-sPLA2 ...
2023: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36678491/in-silico-analysis-of-a-drosophila-parasitoid-venom-peptide-reveals-prevalence-of-the-cation-polar-cation-clip-motif-in-knottin-proteins
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joseph Arguelles, Jenny Lee, Lady V Cardenas, Shubha Govind, Shaneen Singh
As generalist parasitoid wasps, Leptopilina heterotoma are highly successful on many species of fruit flies of the genus Drosophila . The parasitoids produce specialized multi-strategy extracellular vesicle (EV)-like structures in their venom. Proteomic analysis identified several immunity-associated proteins, including the knottin peptide, LhKNOT, containing the structurally conserved inhibitor cysteine knot (ICK) fold, which is present in proteins from diverse taxa. Our structural and docking analysis of LhKNOT's 36-residue core knottin fold revealed that in addition to the knottin motif itself, it also possesses a Cation-Polar-Cation (CPC) clip...
January 14, 2023: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36596348/role-of-neuronal-and-non-neuronal-acetylcholine-signaling-in-drosophila-humoral-immunity
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giorgia Giordani, Giulia Cattabriga, Andrea Becchimanzi, Ilaria Di Lelio, Giovanna De Leva, Silvia Gigliotti, Francesco Pennacchio, Giuseppe Gargiulo, Valeria Cavaliere
Acetylcholine (ACh) is one the major neurotransmitters in insects, whose role in mediating synaptic interactions between neurons in the central nervous system is well characterized. It also plays largely unexplored regulatory functions in non-neuronal tissues. Here we demonstrate that ACh signaling is involved in the modulation of the innate immune response of Drosophila melanogaster. Knockdown of ACh synthesis or ACh vesicular transport in neurons reduced the activation of drosomycin (drs), a gene encoding an antimicrobial peptide, in adult flies infected with a Gram-positive bacterium...
December 31, 2022: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36544838/heightened-immune-surveillance-in-drosophila-melanogaster-populations-selected-for-faster-development-and-extended-longevity
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nidhi Krishna Shrivastava, Namita Chauhan, Mallikarjun N Shakarad
Maximization of life-history traits is under constraints due to both, limitations of resource acquisition and the restricted pathways of resource allocation. Drosophila melanogaster has served as an excellent model organism to not only unravel various trade-offs among life history traits but also numerous aspects of host immune response. Drosophila larvae are semi-aquatic that live, feed and excrete inside the food source-often over-ripe fruits and vegetables that are rich in both commensal and pathogenic microbiota that can impact the larval survival...
December 2022: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36532476/mutation-driven-evolution-of-antibacterial-function-in-an-ancestral-antifungal-scaffold-significance-for-peptide-engineering
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Gu, Noriyoshi Isozumi, Bin Gao, Shinya Ohki, Shunyi Zhu
Mutation-driven evolution of novel function on an old gene has been documented in many development- and adaptive immunity-related genes but is poorly understood in immune effector molecules. Drosomycin-type antifungal peptides (DTAFPs) are a family of defensin-type effectors found in plants and ecdysozoans. Their primitive function was to control fungal infection and then co-opted for fighting against bacterial infection in plants, insects, and nematodes. This provides a model to study the structural and evolutionary mechanisms behind such functional diversification...
2022: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36127054/expression-of-antimicrobial-peptides-associated-with-different-susceptibilities-to-environmental-chemicals-in-drosophila-suzukii-and-drosophila-melanogaster
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
YeongHo Kim, Gyuhyeong Goh, Young Ho Kim
Drosophila suzukii is a serious agricultural pest. The evolved morphology of the female D. suzukii assists in penetrating the surface of fresh fruit and spawns eggs with its unique ovipositor. Conversely, Drosophila melanogaster, a taxonomically close species with D. suzukii, largely inhabits decaying and fermenting fruits and is consistently exposed to extensive environmental chemicals, such as 2-phenylethanol, ethanol, and acetic acid, produced by microorganisms. Considering the distinct habitats of the two flies, D...
October 2022: Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36053804/rnai-of-mannosidase-ia-in-the-colorado-potato-beetle-and-changes-in-the-midgut-and-peritrophic-membrane
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dongdong Liu, Kristof De Schutter, Johann Far, An Staes, Koen Dewettinck, Loic Quinton, Kris Gevaert, Guy Smagghe
BACKGROUND: In addition to its role in the digestive system, the peritrophic membrane (PM) provides a physical barrier protecting the intestine from abrasion and against pathogens. Because of its sensitivity to RNA interference (RNAi), the notorious pest insect, the Colorado potato beetle (CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata), has become a model insect for functional studies. Previously, RNAi-mediated silencing of Mannosidase-Ia (ManIa), a key enzyme in the transition from high-mannose glycan moieties to paucimannose N-glycans, was shown to disrupt the transition from larva to pupa and the metamorphosis into adult beetles...
August 23, 2022: Pest Management Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35955579/identification-of-the-gene-repertoire-of-the-imd-pathway-and-expression-of-antimicrobial-peptide-genes-in-several-tissues-and-hemolymph-of-the-cockroach-blattella-germanica
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leo Zuber, Rebeca Domínguez-Santos, Carlos García-Ferris, Francisco J Silva
Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes, triggered by Toll and IMD pathways, are essential components of the innate immune system in the German cockroach Blattella germanica . Besides their role in killing pathogenic bacteria, AMPs could be involved in controlling its symbiotic systems (endosymbiont and microbiota). We found that the IMD pathway was active in the adult female transcriptomes of six tissues (salivary glands, foregut, midgut, hindgut, Malpighian tubules and fat body) and hemolymph. Total expression of AMP genes was high in hemolymph and salivary glands and much lower in the other sample types...
July 30, 2022: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35663981/nitric-oxide-induced-calcineurin-a-mediates-antimicrobial-peptide-production-through-the-imd-pathway
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kangkang Chen, Xinyan Wang, Xiangyi Wei, Jiaqian Chen, Youheng Wei, Haobo Jiang, Zhiqiang Lu, Congjing Feng
Nitric oxide (NO) at a high concentration is an effector to kill pathogens during insect immune responses, it also functions as a second messenger at a low concentration to regulate antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production in insects. Drosophila calcineurin subunit CanA1 is a ubiquitous serine/threonine protein phosphatase involved in NO-induced AMP production. However, it is unclear how NO regulates AMP expression. In this study, we used a lepidopteran pest Ostrinia furnacalis and Drosophila S2 cells to investigate how NO signaling affects the AMP production...
2022: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35379744/interaction-of-lncrna-cr33942-with-dif-dorsal-facilitates-antimicrobial-peptide-transcriptions-and-enhances-drosophila-toll-immune-responses
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongjian Zhou, Shengjie Li, Wanwan Pan, Shanshan Wu, Fei Ma, Ping Jin
The Drosophila Toll signaling pathway mainly responds to Gram-positive (G+ ) bacteria or fungal infection, which is highly conserved with mammalian TLR signaling pathway. Although many positive and negative regulators involved in the immune response of the Toll pathway have been identified in Drosophila , the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Drosophila Toll immune responses are poorly understood to date. In this study, our results demonstrate that lncRNA-CR33942 is mainly expressed in the nucleus and upregulated after Micrococcus luteus infection...
April 4, 2022: Journal of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35098482/transgenic-silkworms-overexpressing-relish-and-expressing-drosomycin-confer-enhanced-immunity-to-multiple-pathogens
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rasalkar Sandhya Yashwant, Dyna Susan Thomas, Chitra Manoharan, Gourab Roy, Vijayan Kunjupillai, Rakesh Kumar Mishra, Upendra Nongthomba, Ravikumar Gopalapillai
The sericulture industry faces substantial economic losses due to severe pathogenic infections caused by fungi, viruses, and bacteria. The development of transgenic silkworms against specific pathogens has been shown to enhance disease resistance against a particular infection. A single gene or its products that can confer protection against multiple pathogens is required. In an attempt to develop silkworms with enhanced immunity against multiple pathogens, we generated transgenic silkworm lines with an overexpressed NF-kB transcription factor, Relish 1, under two different promoters...
January 31, 2022: Molecular Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34843450/co-option-of-immune-effectors-by-the-hormonal-signalling-system-triggering-metamorphosis-in-drosophila-melanogaster
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Catarina Nunes, Takashi Koyama, Élio Sucena
Insect metamorphosis is triggered by the production, secretion and degradation of 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone). In addition to its role in developmental regulation, increasing evidence suggests that ecdysone is involved in innate immunity processes, such as phagocytosis and the induction of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. AMP regulation includes systemic responses as well as local responses at surface epithelia that contact with the external environment. At pupariation, Drosophila melanogaster increases dramatically the expression of three AMP genes, drosomycin (drs), drosomycin-like 2 (drsl2) and drosomycin-like 5 (drsl5)...
November 29, 2021: PLoS Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34576280/-lncrna-cr11538-decoys-dif-dorsal-to-reduce-antimicrobial-peptide-products-for-restoring-drosophila-toll-immunity-homeostasis
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongjian Zhou, Shengjie Li, Shanshan Wu, Ping Jin, Fei Ma
Avoiding excessive or insufficient immune responses and maintaining homeostasis are critical for animal survival. Although many positive or negative modulators involved in immune responses have been identified, little has been reported to date concerning whether the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can regulate Drosophila immunity response. In this study, we firstly discover that the overexpression of lncRNA-CR11538 can inhibit the expressions of antimicrobial peptides Drosomycin ( Drs ) and Metchnikowin ( Mtk ) in vivo, thereby suppressing the Toll signaling pathway...
September 18, 2021: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34000729/anti-fibrotic-activity-of-an-antimicrobial-peptide-in-a-drosophila-model
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dilan Khalili, Christina Kalcher, Stefan Baumgartner, Ulrich Theopold
Fibrotic lesions accompany several pathological conditions, including tumors. We show that expression of a dominant-active form of the Ras oncogene in Drosophila salivary glands (SGs) leads to redistribution of components of the basement membrane (BM) and fibrotic lesions. Similar to several types of mammalian fibrosis, the disturbed BM attracts clot components, including insect transglutaminase and phenoloxidase. SG epithelial cells show reduced apicobasal polarity accompanied by a loss of secretory activity...
May 17, 2021: Journal of Innate Immunity
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