Cholesterol controversy

BACKGROUND: The incidence of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) has been increasing annually. However, population-based morbidity assessments need to be updated. Early, rapid, and effective lipid-lowering may minimize pancreatic injury and improve clinical prognosis. It is essential to choose the proper treatment. However, treatment options for HLAP are controversial, and there is no uniform treatment protocol. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 127 patients with hyperlipidemic severe acute pancreatitis (HL-SAP) were registered from January 2018 to December 2022 at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University...

BACKGROUND: Whether iron intake can affect cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dyslipidemia is controversial. However, few studies have focused on reducing the risk of CVD in people at risk for dyslipidemia. This study explored the linear relationship and possible nonlinear relationship between CVD and dyslipidemia. METHODS: Dietary data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey between 2004 and 2015. The survey included 8173 participants older than 18 years...

Proanthocyanidins (PCs) are natural antioxidant polyphenols and their effect on the regulation of blood lipids is still controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PCs on lipid metabolism. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese biomedical literature service system, China National Knowledge Internet, and Wanfang Data with no time restriction until March 18, 2022, using various forms of "proanthocyanidins" and "blood lipid" search terms. Randomized controlled trials investigating the relationship between PCs and lipid metabolism were included...

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemias, including familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), are a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. FH is a genetic disorder resulting in elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and an increased probability of early cardiovascular disorders. Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) is the most common form, affecting approximately 1 in 250 individuals worldwide, with a higher prevalence among the French-Canadian population...

The use of e-cigarettes has tremendously increased in recent times due to the widespread availability of e-cigarettes in diverse flavors, reduced cost compared to regular cigarettes, and misconception of being comparatively safe, which have led to around 2.55 million US middle and high school students smoking e-cigarettes. These devices use a nicotine-rich liquid, which is aerosolized electronically, producing vapors that may also include hazardous chemicals and heavy metals. E-cigarettes are associated with e-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury, which presents as an acute respiratory ailment mirroring various pulmonary diseases...

Currently, the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and bone mineral density (BMD) in men remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the relationship between SUA and lumbar spine BMD in American men using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A total of 6254 male subjects aged 12-80 years (mean age 35.52 ± 14.84 years) in the NHANES from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed. SUA was measured by DxC using the timed endpoint method, and lumbar spine BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)...

The association of CETP Taq1B polymorphism with some metabolic traits is still controversial. The interaction of adherence to dietary indices with this polymorphism on the severity of coronary artery stenosis and serum lipid parameters needs to be investigated. This study aimed to test this hypothesis. This cross-sectional study included 453 patients who were referred from Afshar Hospital of Yazd and undergoing coronary angiography from 2020 to 2021. Dietary intake was evaluated by a 178-item validated and reliable dietary questionnaire...

The association between personal habits and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of MetS among youths and its association with cigarette, tobacco, opium, and alcohol consumption in the Rafsanjan Youth Cohort Study (RYCS). The current cross-sectional study was based on data from RYCS, as part of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS). RCS is a branch of the prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran (PERSIAN). In the present study, 2843 youths aged 15-35 were included...

UNLABELLED: Mercury (Hg) is detrimental to human health, but its impact on lipid biomarkers remains a subject of controversy. This study sought to delineate a clear link between blood Hg and lipid biomarkers correlated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), in hypertensive adults in the USA. METHODS: This cross-sectional research gathered data from a total of 4415 participants sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)...

Since the effects of cinnamon supplementation on lipid profiles are still controversial, this study conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effect of cinnamon supplementation on lipid profiles. The study was designed and conducted according to the guidelines of the 2020 preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statements. A systematic and comprehensive search was performed in several databases from inception up to 11 November 2023. The meta-analysis on the impact of Cinnamon on lipid profiles indicates a non-significant overall effect on low-density lipoprotein (weighted mean differences [WMD], -2...

BACKGROUND: The current evidence on the effect of Sumac consumption on cardiovascular parameters has produced controversial findings. METHODS: We systematically searched several databases, including PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science, to find eligible studies until January 2023. Meta-analysis to calculated the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 %CI, Sub-group meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis were conducted throughout the study. RESULTS: 16 randomized controlled trials comprising a total number of 1,225 participants were included...

BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidemia is common in primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) patients, and tubular atrophy (TA) is an unfavorable prognostic factor. However, the correlation between the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio and TA is controversial. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the association between the TG/HDL-C ratio and TA in PMN patients. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study and collected data from 363 PMN patients at Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from January 2008 to April 2023...

Controversial findings regarding the association between serum cholesterol levels and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been identified through observational studies. The genetic basis shared by both factors and the causality between them remain largely unknown. The objective of this study is to examine the causal impact of maternal history of AD on changes in serum cholesterol levels in adult offspring. By retrieving genetic variants from summary statistics of large-scale genome-wide association study of maternal history of AD (European-based: Ncase = 27 696, Ncontrol = 260 980)...

Monacolin K is the major active component in red yeast rice (RYR) which is structurally identical to lovastatin and has the most powerful effect, in terms of reducing blood cholesterol levels. This review aimed to examine the effect and safety of different doses of monacolin K on blood cholesterol levels. PubMed and Cochrane were searched for articles published between 2012 and 2023 for clinical-trials and randomized-controlled-trials. Eligible studies included participants>18-years-old, of any gender and ethnicity...

AIMS: The lack of effective pharmacotherapies for aortic aneurysms (AA) is a persistent clinical challenge. Lipid metabolism plays an essential role in AA. However, the impact of lipid-lowering drugs on AA remains controversial. The study aimed to investigate the genetic association between lipid-lowering drugs and AA. METHODS: Our research used publicly available data on genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies...

AIMS: Current guidelines advise against the use of lipid-lowering drugs during pregnancy. This is based only on previous observational evidence demonstrating an association between statin use and congenital malformations, which is increasingly controversial. In the absence of clinical trial data, we aimed to use drug-target Mendelian randomization to model the potential impact of fetal LDL-lowering, overall and through PCSK9 drug targets, on congenital malformations. METHODS AND RESULTS: Instrumental variants influencing LDL levels overall and through PCSK9-inhibitor drug targets were extracted from genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for LDL on 1 320 016 individuals...

BACKGROUND: Controversies exist on whether the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and their association with major cardiovascular events (MACE) is different between men and women. Most of the evidence comes from high-income countries, hindering extrapolation of sociocultural and demographic factors of other regions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sex differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and the incidence of MACE and diabetes in Colombian adults...

OBJECTIVES: Metabolic and cardiovascular diseases represent a significant and ever-increasing problem, accounting for nearly one-third of all deaths and leading to significant morbidity. Lifestyle changes, which introduce new risk factors for cardiovascular disease, are leading to an increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease worldwide. The burden of cardiovascular disease can be reduced by careful risk reduction, and as such, primary prevention is an important priority for all. There is strong consensus among international guidelines regarding the necessity of smoking cessation, weight optimization, and the importance of exercise, while guidelines differ slightly in their approach to hypertension and vary greatly in their approach to the optimal lipid profile, which remains a controversial issue...

INTRODUCTION: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) are significant sources of mortality and morbidity with substantial economic implications and preventive measures play key roles in this regard. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common condition, and its association with ASCVD and mortality has made it clinically important. However, controversies persist regarding the best definition for MetS. Here in, we investigated the ability of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) in the prediction of ASCVD incidence...

Currently, the health benefits of ruminant trans fatty acids (R-TFA) are still controversial. Our previous investigations indicated that R-TFA at higher dosages (1.3% and 4% E) caused disordered lipid metabolism in mice; however, through collecting R-TFA intake data in 9 provinces of China, it was suggested that, in 2021, the range of R-TFA intake for Chinese residents was about 0.053-0.307 g d-1 . Based on the 2022 Nutritional Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents, the recommended daily energy supply from R-TFA was about 0...