gynecologic researches

INTRODUCTION: Fertility after cancer is a top concern for adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYAs) (15-39 years old at diagnosis). The authors characterized live births after cancer by race and ethnicity ("race/ethnicity") in a population-based sample of female AYAs. METHODS: This study used Texas Cancer Registry data linked to birth certificates (1995-2016) to estimate cumulative incidence of live birth, based on first live birth after cancer, and compared differences by race/ethnicity...

INTRODUCTION: The uterine cavity is a potential space with limited methods for evaluating its volume, limiting the evaluation of interventions' effectiveness in various uterine conditions. This study aims to objectively measure the uterine cavity volume using sonohysterography coupled with a Foley catheter to provide a normative model of age and parity-related uterine cavity volume. METHODS: The research included 35 women (group 1) with a total abdominal hysterectomy and 150 women (group 2) who underwent sonohysterography for various gynecologic indications...

OBJECTIVE: The study investigates morphological variants of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in relation to cervical cancer development, from intraepithelial neoplastic lesions to invasive carcinomas with locoregional lymph node metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis comprised 100 cervical cancer cases who had had total hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of the Municipal Emergency Clinical Hospital of Timisoara, Romania, from 2020 to 2023...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent gynecological endocrine conditions affecting reproductive women. It can feature a variety of symptoms, such as obesity, insulin resistance, skin conditions, and infertility. Women with PCOS are susceptible to illnesses including mood disorders, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Among them, depression is the most common in PCOS and has a detrimental effect on quality of life. Depression may occasionally develop due to the pathological traits of PCOS, but its exact pathogenesis in PCOS have eluded researchers to date...

INTRODUCTION: Uterus transplantation has revolutionized reproductive medicine for women with absolute uterine factor infertility, resulting in more than 40 reported successful live births worldwide to date. Small animal models are pivotal to refine this surgical and immunological challenging procedure aiming to enhance safety for both the mother and the child. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We established a syngeneic bicornuate uterus transplantation model in young female Lewis rats...

INTRODUCTION: Vaginal metastasis from colorectal cancer is a rare occurrence, typically associated with other metastatic lesions. Isolated metastasis is exceedingly uncommon, with only a few cases documented in the literature. Vaginal involvement in colorectal cancer primarily results from direct contiguous spread from the primary tumor. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 70-year-old African woman diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the middle rectum. She underwent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and subsequent anterior resection...

Metabolomics generates complex data necessitating advanced computational methods for generating biological insight. While machine learning (ML) is promising, the challenges of selecting the best algorithms and tuning hyperparameters, particularly for nonexperts, remain. Automated machine learning (AutoML) can streamline this process; however, the issue of interpretability could persist. This research introduces a unified pipeline that combines AutoML with explainable AI (XAI) techniques to optimize metabolomics analysis...

Introduction Being the first in-line care providers, primary healthcare (PHC) physicians may encounter all forms of medical emergencies, ranging from minor complaints to major life-threatening events; therefore, this study aims to assess the PHC physicians' knowledge and attitude related to the diagnosis and management of emergency cases as well as their preferences for emergency medicine training courses and their preferred methods of training. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among physicians working at PHC in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, between November and December 2023, excluding those who do not work at PHC...

BACKGROUND: The introduction of vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) to the toolbox of gynecologic surgeons has the potential to reverse the trend of vaginal hysterectomy declines. METHODS: This review discusses nuances of the vNOTES technique applied to hysterectomy; describes vNOTES hysterectomy, step-by-step (including tips and tricks for low- and high-complexity cases for surgeons who may want to incorporate vNOTES hysterectomy into their surgical repertoires); and examines evidence and research trends in this field...

AIM: To identify risk factors that associated with the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 30 days after hysterectomy among gynecological malignant tumor patients, and to explore the value of machine learning (ML) models in VTE occurrence prediction. METHODS: A total of 1087 patients between January 2019 and January 2022 with gynecological malignant tumors were included in this single-center retrospective study and were randomly divided into the training dataset (n = 870) and the test dataset (n = 217)...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the predominant malignancy among gynecologic cancers and ranks fourth among all types of cancer. Recently, researchers have focused on the development of new prognostic biomarkers. Subunits of the SWI/SNF protein complex, like the ARID1 and BRG1, have been associated with the development of endometrial cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression patterns of ARID1A and BRG1 in a collection of endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the uterus using immunohistochemistry...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe RAS mutations in gynecologic cancers as they relate to clinicopathologic and genomic features, survival, and therapeutic implications. METHODS: Gynecologic cancers with available somatic molecular profiling data at our institution between February 2010 and August 2022 were included and grouped by RAS mutation status. Overall survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariable analysis was performed using Cox proportional-hazards model...

Ovarian cancer is among the most lethal gynecological cancers, primarily due to the lack of specific symptoms leading to an advanced-stage diagnosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Drug resistance (DR) poses the most significant challenge in treating patients with existing drugs. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved three new therapeutic drugs, including two poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (olaparib and niraparib) and one vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor (bevacizumab) for maintenance therapy...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Expanding outpatient surgery to the increasing number of procedures and patient populations warrants continuous evaluation of postoperative outcomes to ensure the best care and safety. We describe adverse postoperative outcomes and transfer rates related to anesthesia in a large sample of patients who underwent same-day cancer surgery at a freestanding ambulatory surgery center. METHODS: Between January 2017 and June 2021, 3361 cancer surgeries, including breast and plastic, head and neck, gynecology, and urology, were performed...

BACKGROUND: Brain injury and poor neurodevelopment have consistently been reported in infants and adults born preterm. These changes occur at least in part prenatally and are associated with intra-amniotic inflammation. The pattern of brain changes has been partially documented by magnetic resonance imaging but not with neurosonography in combination with amniotic fluid brain injury biomarkers. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prenatal features of brain remodeling and injury in fetuses from patients with preterm labor with intact membranes or preterm prelabor rupture of membranes and to investigate the potential influence of intra-amniotic inflammation as a mediator of risk...

PURPOSE: Ebstein anomaly (EA) and tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) represent uncommon congenital malformations of the tricuspid valve. The purpose of this study is to report on current perinatal outcomes of EA/TVD in our center and to investigate clinical and fetal echocardiographic predictors of perinatal mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a retrospective study among fetuses diagnosed from January 2014 to December 2023. Clinical and echocardiographic data were obtained from hospital records of Research and Education Hospital...

PURPOSE: This work aimed to explore the relationship between epidermal growth factor (EGF) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) and ectopic pregnancy types and impact on prognosis. METHODS: Twenty women with normal pregnancies (NPs) were recruited as control group, and twenty women each with tubal pregnancy (TP) and cervical pregnancy (CP) were recruited. Blood samples were collected to detect EGF and β-HCG. Data on length of hospital stay and incidence of complications were collected...

The purpose of this document is to update the 2013 AUGS Position Statement based on subsequent decisions made by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, published clinical data, and relevant society and national guidelines related to the use of surgical mesh. Urogynecologists specialize in treating pelvic floor disorders, such as pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence, and have been actively involved and engaged in the national and international discussions and research on the use of surgical mesh in the treatment of POP and stress urinary incontinence...

Robotic surgery has emerged as a transformative technology in obstetrics and gynecology, offering enhanced precision and minimally invasive techniques for various procedures. This paper explores the evolution of robotic surgery in obstetrics and gynecology, examining its historical development, current applications, and prospects. Through a comprehensive review of the literature and case studies, we highlight the benefits of robotic surgery, including reduced trauma, improved patient outcomes, and increased surgeon capabilities...

OBJECTIVE: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent and frequently encountered gynecological disorder. Its high variability and the complexities associated with its management often lead to psychological stress in affected women, manifesting in symptoms of depression. Embracing a healthy lifestyle is fundamental in PCOS treatment. Consistent adherence to a healthy lifestyle not only aids in improving PCOS symptoms but also plays a role in enhancing mental well-being. However, there is currently limited research examining the extent of depression, its prevalence, and its correlation with lifestyle among individuals with PCOS...