melanoma prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE: To examine and interpret trends in UK cancer incidence and mortality for all cancers combined and for the most common cancer sites in adults aged 35-69 years. DESIGN: Retrospective secondary data analysis. DATA SOURCES: Cancer registration data, cancer mortality and national population data from the Office for National Statistics, Public Health Wales, Public Health Scotland, Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, NHS England, and the General Register Office for Northern Ireland...

In this study, eighteen new ligands (B1-B18) containing a thiosemicarbazide core were synthesized and characterized in terms of physicochemical properties, molecular docking and in vitro biological activity. The structures of eleven ligands were investigated using X-Ray diffraction and Hirschfeld Surface analysis. To study the structure-activity relationship, the organic ligands contained pyridin-2-ylmethyl, pyridin-3-ylmethyl or pyridin-4-ylmethyl moieties and various substituents. Their pharmakokinetic profiles and molecular docking results suggest high potential as new drug candidates...

Liquid biopsy can detect circulating cancer cells or tumor cell-derived DNA at various stages of cancer. The fluid from these biopsies contains extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, exomeres, and exosomes. Exosomes contain proteins and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) that can modify the microenvironment and promote cancer progression, playing significant roles in cancer pathology. Clinically, the proteins and nucleic acids within the exosomes from liquid biopsies can be biomarkers for the detection and prognosis of cancer...

Immune checkpoint blockade has yet to produce robust anti-cancer responses for prostate cancer. Sialyltransferases have been shown across several solid tumours, including breast, melanoma, colorectal and prostate to promote immune suppression by synthesising sialoglycans, which act as ligands for Siglec receptors. We report that ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 (ST3Gal1) levels negatively correlate with androgen signalling in prostate tumours. We demonstrate that ST3Gal1 plays an important role in modulating tumour immune evasion through the synthesises of sialoglycans with the capacity to engage the Siglec-7 and Siglec-9 immunoreceptors preventing immune clearance of cancer cells...

BACKGROUND: Multi-faceted evidence from a range of cancers suggests strongly that de novo expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) plays a significant role in driving cancer cell invasiveness. Under hypoxic conditions, common to growing tumours, VGSCs develop a persistent current (INaP ) which can be blocked selectively by ranolazine. METHODS: Several different carcinomas were examined. We used data from a range of experimental approaches relating to cellular invasiveness and metastasis...

Automatic detection and characterization of cancer are important clinical needs to optimize early treatment. We developed a deep, semisupervised transfer learning approach for fully automated, whole-body tumor segmentation and prognosis on PET/CT. Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 611 18 F-FDG PET/CT scans of patients with lung cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, head and neck cancer, and breast cancer and 408 prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT scans of patients with prostate cancer. The approach had a nnU-net backbone and learned the segmentation task on 18 F-FDG and PSMA PET/CT images using limited annotations and radiomics analysis...

INTRODUCTION: Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) is a cancer predisposition gene; carriers of germline pathogenic variants have an increased risk of developing malignancies, including breast, prostate, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer. Most ATM variants are of uncertain significance. Findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) suggest that ATM may be a low-risk melanoma susceptibility locus. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a Hispanic family whose members who have presented cutaneous melanoma have been found to be carriers for the ATM pathogenic variant c...

The people's police of public security organs shoulder the important mission of maintaining social security and stability, and ensuring the well-being of people. However, the working environment exposed to a variety of adverse factors has significantly increased the risk of cancer and cancer mortality of public security police, such as bladder cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, melanoma cancer, etc. Police related cancer risk research is a noteworthy issue. This article provides a review of existing research on the types and carcinogenic factors of cancer among domestic and foreign police officers, and analyzes various factors that may lead to their cancer based on the actual work situation of Chinese public security police...

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: The population with kidney failure is at increased risk of cancer and associated mortality. Relative survival can provide insight into the excess mortality, directly or indirectly, attributed to cancer in the population with kidney failure. METHODS: We estimated relative survival for people all ages receiving dialysis (n = 4089) and kidney transplant recipients (n = 3253) with de novo cancer, and for the general population with cancer in Australia and New Zealand (n = 3 043 166) over the years 1980-2019...

BACKGROUND: Associations between germline alterations in women and cancer risks among their relatives are largely unknown. METHODS: We used women from two Swedish cohorts (KARMA and pKARMA), including 28,362 women with genotyping data and 13,226 with sequencing data. Using Swedish Multi-Generation Register, we linked these women to 133,389 first-degree relatives. Associations between protein-truncating variants (PTVs) in 8 risk genes and breast cancer polygenic risk score (PRS) in index women and cancer risks among their relatives were modeled via Cox regression...

INTRODUCTION: Compared with the traditional drug development pathway, investigating alternative uses for existing drugs (ie, drug repurposing) requires substantially less time, cost and resources. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are licensed for the treatment of certain breast, colorectal, head and neck, lung and melanoma cancers. These drugs target immune checkpoint proteins to reduce the suppression of T cell activation by cancer cells. As T cell suppression is a hallmark of cancer common across anatomical sites, we hypothesise that immune checkpoint inhibitors could be repurposed for the treatment of additional cancers beyond the ones already indicated...

BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer often have to make complex decisions about treatment, with the options varying in risk profiles and effects on survival and quality of life. Moreover, inefficient care paths make it hard for patients to participate in shared decision-making. Data-driven decision-support tools have the potential to empower patients, support personalized care, improve health outcomes and promote health equity. However, decision-support tools currently seldom consider quality of life or individual preferences, and their use in clinical practice remains limited, partly because they are not well integrated in patients' care paths...

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a significant public health concern and the second leading cause of death. This study aims to visualize spatial patterns of top common cancer types and identify high-risk and low-risk counties for these cancers in Iran from 2014 to 2017. METHODS: In this study, we analyzed 482,229 newly diagnosed cancer cases recorded by the Iranian National Population-Based Cancer Registry from 2014 to 2017. We employed a purely spatial scanning model and local Moran I analysis to explore spatial patterns across Iran...

BACKGROUND: A history of multiple myeloma, prostate cancer, and breast cancer has been associated with adverse bone health, but associations across a broader range of cancers are unclear. We aimed to compare the risk of any bone fracture and major osteoporotic fractures in survivors of a wide range of cancers versus cancer-free individuals. METHODS: In this population-based matched cohort study, we used electronic health records from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to hospital data...

INCIDENCE AND SURVIVAL IN METROPOLITAN France. Incidence and survival rates are key indicators for cancer surveillance. They also help to drive cancer control programs and public health policies. Focusing on the main cancer localisations, this paper describes the latest incidence (2023) and survival (2018) rates, as well as their evolutions since 1990 in metropolitan France. In 2023, the number of new cases of cancer was estimated to be 433 136, of which 57% occurring in men. Both gender considered, the most frequent cancers are: breast cancer (61 214 new cases), prostate cancer (59 885 new cases) and lung cancer (52 777 new cases)...

BACKGROUND: In 2020, a sharp decrease in the number of new cancer cases was registered in Ukraine in the setting of the quarantine restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which contrasted with the previous trends. AIM: To study trends of cancer incidence rates in Ukraine in the recent decade and to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer detection in 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records on cancer cases diagnosed during 2010-2020 (n = 1,498,911) from the database of the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine were used; the data being submitted early in 2022...

Progesterone and AdipoQ Receptor 3 (PAQR3) is a member of the AdipoQ receptor. Our previous studies have found that PAQR3 plays a role as a candidate inhibitor in cardiac adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, but the systematic analysis of PAQR3 in tumors is currently lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic and therapeutic value of PAQR3 in 31 tumors. Through the analysis of TCGA, UALCAN, GEO, GEPIA2, TIMER, Kaplan-Meier plotter, TISIDB and other databases, it was found that the expression level of PAQR3 changed significantly in different tumor types, and the expression level of Neuroblastoma was very high...

BACKGROUND: In health technology assessment, restricted mean survival time and life expectancy are commonly evaluated. Parametric models are typically used for extrapolation. Spline models using a relative survival framework have been shown to estimate life expectancy of cancer patients more reliably; however, more research is needed to assess spline models using an all-cause survival framework and standard parametric models using a relative survival framework. AIM: To assess survival extrapolation using standard parametric models and spline models within relative survival and all-cause survival frameworks...

BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence on the associations between residential greenness and cancer incidence in longitudinal studies. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations between weighted mean residential greenness exposure and cancer incidence. METHODS: This is a registry based retrospective cohort study of 977,644 participants. The residential greenness exposure was estimated for every participant, as the weighted mean residential greenness exposure...

BACKGROUND: Cancer survivors-people living with and beyond cancer-are a growing population with different health needs depending on prognosis and time since diagnosis. Despite being increasingly necessary, complete information on cancer prevalence is not systematically available in all European countries. We aimed to fill this gap by analysing population-based cancer registry data from the EUROCARE-6 study. METHODS: In this population-based study, using incidence and follow-up data up to Jan 1, 2013, from 61 cancer registries, complete and limited-duration prevalence by cancer type, sex, and age were estimated for 29 European countries and the 27 countries in the EU (EU27; represented by 22 member states that contributed registry data) using the completeness index method...