"Growth restriction"

OBJECTIVES: The failure of a fetus to develop to its full potential due to maternal or placental factors is known as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Fetal head growth is usually preserved in that situation producing a potential discordance between head and body size. Our goal is to discover if IUGR has an impact on the prenatal ultrasound measurements taken to assess pulmonary development in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). METHODS: A retrospective chart review (IRB#2017-6361) was performed on all prenatally diagnosed CDH patients from 2007 to 2016...

Congenital cryptorchidism, also known as undescended testis, is the condition where one or both testes are not in place in the scrotum at birth and is one of the most common birth defects in boys. Temporal trends and geographic variation in the prevalence of cryptorchidism from 1% to 9% have been reported in prospective cohort studies. The testes develop in the abdominal cavity and descend to the scrotum in two phases, which should be completed by gestational week 35. Thus, the risk of cryptorchidism is higher in preterm boys...

BACKGROUND: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) can negatively affect lung development, leading to increased respiratory morbidity and reduced lung function later in life. Studies regarding the impact of FGR on lung function in singletons are influenced by genetic, obstetric, and maternal factors. To overcome these confounding factors, we aim to investigate lung function in identical twins with selective FGR (sFGR). METHODS: Lung function assessments were performed in identical twins with sFGR born in our centre between March 1, 2002, and December 31, 2017, aged between 5 and 17 years...

Introduction CHARGE syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with known pattern of features. The aim of the study was to present the fetal features of CHARGE syndrome to gain awareness that the antenatal characteristics can be very nonspecific. Case Presentation This was a retrospective study of 13 cases with CHARGE syndrome diagnosed by prenatal or postnatal genetic testing and physical examination. Two (15.4%; 2/13) had normal ultrasound scans during pregnancy. One (7.7%; 1/13) with first-trimester cystic hygroma presented intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) at 16 weeks gestation...

Our objective was to determine if placental lake presence or size are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This was a retrospective cohort of patients who had fetal anatomy ultrasounds at 18-22 weeks and delivered between 2018 and 2022. Placental lakes were classified as small (>2.0-3.9 cm) or large (>4 cm). Multiple gestations, placenta previas, and placenta accretas were excluded. Outcomes included low birthweight, cesarean delivery, primary cesarean for non-reassuring fetal heart tracing, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and severe preeclampsia...

INTRODUCTION: Placenta-associated pregnancy complications, including pre-eclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are conditions postulated to originate from initial failure of placentation, leading to clinical sequelae indicative of endothelial dysfunction. Vascular smooth muscle aberrations have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of both disorders via smooth muscle contractility and relaxation mediated by Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase (MLCP) and the oppositional contractile action of Myosin Light Chain Kinase...

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is the child birth before 37 completed weeks .Prematurity is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality due to the complications associated with it. The objective of the study was to determine the maternal risk factors associated with all preterm birth in singleton pregnancy at National hospital. METHODS: Hospital based unmatched case control study was conducted between March 2021 to December 2021 at National hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan...

BACKGROUND: Extrauterine growth restriction from inadequate nutrition remains a significant morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Participants in the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative Quality Improvement Collaborative, Grow, Babies, Grow! developed or refined tools to improve nutrition and reduce practice variation. METHOD: Five Neonatal Intensive Care Units describe the development and implementation of nutrition tools. Tools include Parenteral Nutrition Guidelines, Automated Feeding Protocol, electronic medical record Order Set, Nutrition Time-Out Rounding Tool, and a Discharge Nutrition Recommendations...

BACKGROUND: Household air pollution might lead to fetal growth restriction during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate whether a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) intervention to reduce personal exposures to household air pollution during pregnancy would alter fetal growth. METHODS: The Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial was an open-label randomised controlled trial conducted in ten resource-limited settings across Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda...

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major cause of premature and low-weight births, which increases the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); however, the association remains unclear. We report a close correlation between placental polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) and NEC. Newborns with previous FGR exhibited intestinal inflammation and more severe NEC symptoms than healthy newborns. Placental PMN-MDSCs are vital regulators of fetal development and neonatal gut inflammation...

Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) has been used in the literature and clinical practice to describe inadequate growth in preterm infants. Significant variability is seen in the criteria for EUGR, with no standard definition reached to date. Moreover, no consensus on the optimal timing for assessment or the ideal growth monitoring tool has been achieved, and an ongoing debate persists on the appropriate terminology to express poor postnatal growth. To ensure an adequate understanding of growth and early intervention in preterm infants at higher risk, it is critical to relate the diagnostic criteria of EUGR to the ability to predict adverse outcomes, such as neurodevelopmental outcomes...

Pregnancy-related complications (PRC) impact maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality and place a huge burden on healthcare systems. Thus, effective diagnostic screening strategies are crucial. Currently, national and international guidelines define patients at low risk of PRC exclusively based on their history, thus excluding the possibility of identifying patients with de novo risk (patients without a history of disease), which represents most women. In this setting, previous studies have underlined the potential contribution of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to detect patients at risk of PRC...

Background. Gestational weight gain (GWG) constitutes an essential aspect of the gestational process. Due to factors such as pregestational body mass index (BMI), nutritional intake, level of physical activity, and psychological aspects, the recommended GWG may not be achieved, leading to adverse neonatal outcomes. Adolescents, due to their physiological and mental developmental stage, are at a higher risk of inappropriate GWG. Our aim is to highlight the importance of GWG in our population and to determine the correlation with perinatal outcomes...

Incarcerated gravid uterus (IGU) is a rare and serious obstetric complication. IGU is defined as the entrapment of the gravid uterus between the pubic symphysis and the sacral promontory. The incidence of IGU is 1 in 3000-10 000 cases. IGU is associated with significant obstetric complications, including preterm labor, intrauterine fetal death, growth restriction, renal failure, uterine ischemia/rupture and thrombosis. Here, we present the case of a primigravida with urinary retention at 14 weeks...

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INTRODUCTION: α-Klotho protein has three isoforms: a transmembrane (mKL), a shed- soluble isoform, and a circulating soluble isoform (sKL). mKL is expressed in the kidney and placenta, while sKL is detectable in blood and urine. It is known that α-Klotho levels fluctuate during pregnancy mainly in women with complications such as preeclampsia (PE) and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). METHODS: Forty-nine participants were divided into two groups: healthy and complicated pregnancy (PE, IUGR or both)...

Halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) are a class of contaminants showing high toxicity, low biodegradability, and high bioaccumulation potential, especially chlorinated and brominated HOCs (Cl/Br-HOCs). Knowledge gaps exist on whether novel Cl/Br-HOCs could penetrate the placental barrier and cause adverse birth outcomes. Herein, 326 cord blood samples were collected in a hospital in Jinan, Shandong Province from February 2017 to January 2022, and 44 Cl/Br-HOCs were identified with communicating confidence level above 4 based on a nontarget approach, covering veterinary drugs, pesticides, and their transformation products, pharmaceutical and personal care products, disinfection byproducts, and so on...

Increasing placental perfusion (PP) could improve outcomes of growth-restricted fetuses. One way of increasing PP may be by using phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibitors, which induce vasodilatation of vascular beds. We used a combination of clinically relevant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to characterize the impact that tadalafil infusion has on maternal, placental and fetal circulations. At 116-117 days' gestational age (dGA; term, 150 days), pregnant ewes (n = 6) underwent fetal catheterization surgery...

Preeclampsia is classified as new-onset hypertension coupled with gross endothelial dysfunction. Placental (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) and plasma soluble (P)RR (s(P)RR) are elevated in patients with preeclampsia. Thus, we aimed to interrogate the role (P)RR may play in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Human uterine microvascular endothelial cells (HUtMECs, n = 4) were cultured with either; vehicle (PBS), 25-100 nM recombinant s(P)RR, or 10 ng/ml TNF-a (positive control) for 24 h...

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs both in humans and domestic species. It has a particularly high incidence in pigs, and is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as impaired postnatal growth. A key feature of IUGR is impaired muscle development, resulting in decreased meat quality. Understanding the developmental origins of IUGR, particularly at the molecular level, is important for developing effective strategies to mitigate its economic impact on the pig industry and animal welfare...