Freezing of gait executive

BACKGROUND: The freezing episode (FE) management during gait in Parkinson's disease is inefficient with current medications, neurosurgery, and physical interventions. Knowing the biomechanical change patients suffer preceding FE would be the ultimate goal to measure, predict, and prevent these events. OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review to summarize the kinematic, kinetic, electromyographic, and spatio-temporal characteristics of the events that precede the FE during gait in Parkinson's disease...

BACKGROUND: This investigation examined whether aspects of attention and executive functioning differed between Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients with freezing of gait (FOG) based on responsiveness to dopamine. We also explored association of cognition with FOG severity and gait metrics. METHODS: Fifty-four individuals with PD completed the study protocol: 17 without freezing (PDC), 23 with dopa-responsive FOG (RFOG), and 14 with dopa-unresponsive (URFOG). Standardized neuropsychological tests assessed attention (focused and sustained), psychomotor speed, and set-switching (time and errors)...

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common and complex manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is associated with impairment of attention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional network connectivity (FNc) changes between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the other 7 intrinsic networks relevant to attention, visual-spatial, executive and motor functions in PD with or without FOG. Forty-three idiopathic PD patients (21 with FOG (FOG+) vs 22 without FOG (FOG-)) and 18 healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study...

Typically, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is clinically characterized by slow vertical saccades or supranuclear gaze palsy, levodopa-resistant parkinsonism with predominant axial symptoms, and cognitive executive impairment. Over the past decades, various PSP phenotypes, including PSP with predominant parkinsonism, PSP with corticobasal syndrome, PSP with progressive gait freezing, and PSP with predominant frontal dysfunction, have been identified from pathologically confirmed cases. Expanding knowledge led to new diagnostic criteria for PSP that with increased disease awareness led to increased PSP prevalence estimates...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between cognitive function at baseline and the progression of motor disability in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: We consecutively enrolled 257 drug-naïve patients with early-stage PD (follow-up > 2 years) who underwent a detailed neuropsychological test at initial assessment. Factor analysis was conducted to yield four cognitive function factors and composite scores thereof: Factor 1 (visual memory/visuospatial), Factor 2 (verbal memory), Factor 3 (frontal/executive), and Factor 4 (attention/working memory/language)...

OBJECTIVE: Emotional processes might influence freezing of gait (FoG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. We assessed brain functional MRI (fMRI) activity during a "FoG-observation-task" in PD-FoG patients relative to healthy controls. METHODS: Twenty-four PD-FoG patients and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy controls performed clinical and neuropsychological evaluations, and fMRI experiments including: i) "FoG-observation-task" consisting of watching a patient experiencing FoG during a walking task (usually evoking FoG); ii) "gait-observation-task" consisting of watching a healthy subject performing similar walking tasks without experiencing FoG...

BACKGROUND: Although several progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) phenotypes have recently been described, studies identifying cognitive and neuropsychiatric differences between them are lacking. METHODS: An extensive battery of cognitive and behavioural assessments was administered to 63 PSP patients, 25 PD patients with similar sociodemographic characteristics, and 25 healthy controls. We analysed differences in phenomenology, frequency and severity of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms between PSP, PD and HC, and between PSP subtypes...

Freezing of gait (FOG) is common in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) which is extremely debilitating. One hypothesis for the cause of FOG episodes is impaired cognitive control, however, this is still in debate in the literature. We aimed to assess a comprehensive range of cognitive tests in older adults and people with Parkinson's with and without FOG and associate FOG severity with cognitive performance. A total of 227 participants took part in the study which included 80 healthy older adults, 81 people with PD who did not have FOG and 66 people with PD and FOG...

INTRODUCTION: Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with an altered posture during quiet stance as well as an impaired preparation and execution of the gait initiation process. We aimed to investigate whether an altered initial posture impacts anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) and first-step execution during gait initiation in people with PD with FOG (PD + FOG). METHODS: Twenty-seven PD+FOG, 30 PD patients without FOG and 27 age-matched healthy controls performed self-generated gait initiation...

INTRODUCTION: Freezing of gait (FoG) is one of the most disabling yet poorly understood symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). FoG is an episodic gait pattern characterized by the inability to step that occurs on initiation or turning while walking, particularly with perception of tight surroundings. This phenomenon impairs balance, increases falls, and reduces the quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical-anatomical correlations, electrophysiology, and functional imaging have generated several mechanistic hypotheses, ranging from the most distal (abnormal central pattern generators of the spinal cord) to the most proximal (frontal executive dysfunction)...

BACKGROUND: Executive dysfunction and risk of falling are hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is unclear how executive dysfunction predisposes people with PD to falling. OBJECTIVES: To: (i) identify sensorimotor, balance, and cardiovascular risk factors for falls that discriminate between those with normal executive function and those with mild and marked executive dysfunction in people with PD and (ii) determine whether mild and marked executive dysfunction are significant risk factors for falls when adjusting for PD duration and severity and freezing of gait (FOG)...

BACKGROUND: Walking abnormalities in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by a shift in locomotor control from healthy automaticity to compensatory prefrontal executive control. Indirect measures of automaticity of walking (eg, step-to-step variability and dual-task cost) suggest that freezing of gait (FoG) may be associated with reduced automaticity of walking. However, the influence of FoG status on actual prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during walking remains unclear...

AIMS: To investigate the impact of distinct cognitive dual-task abilities in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and compare the impact of these dual-tasks in association with the severity of PD and its clinical features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale, UPDRS, and Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) were evaluated in all PD patients. The subtype of PD and the presence of freezing of gait (FOG) were also evaluated. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was applied under single- and dual-task conditions including the digit span-forwards, digit span-backwards, delayed recall memory, counting down the days, counting backwards from 20, and animal fluency tests...

Freezing of gait in people with Parkinson's disease (PwP) is associated with executive dysfunction and motor preparation deficits. We have recently shown that electrophysiological markers of motor preparation, rather than decision-making, differentiate PwP with freezing of gait (FOG +) and without (FOG -) while sitting. To examine the effect of locomotion on these results, we measured behavioural and electrophysiological responses in PwP with and without FOG during a target response time task while sitting (single-task) and stepping-in-place (dual-task)...

Background: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling gait disorder influencing patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulating evidence suggests that FOG is related to the functional alterations within brain networks. We investigated the changes in brain resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in patients with PD with FOG (FOG+) and without FOG (FOG-). Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) data were collected from 55 PD patients (25 FOG+ and 30 FOG-) and 26 matched healthy controls (HC)...

INTRODUCTION: Freezing of gait (FoG) is one of the most disabling gait disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD), reflecting motor and cognitive impairments, mainly related to dopamine deficiency. Recent studies investigating kinematic and kinetic factors affecting gait in these patients showed a postural instability characterized by disturbed weight-shifting, inappropriate anticipatory postural adjustment, worse reactive postural control, and a difficulty executing complex motor tasks (i...

INTRODUCTION: Freezing of gait (FoG) leads to falls and reduces quality of life, but little is known about FoG in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). This study aim was to identify the clinical parameters associated with FoG in PSP patients. METHODS: 349 patients meeting the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Society for PSP (NINDS-SPSP) clinical diagnostic criteria were divided into two groups: PSP with FoG (n = 159) and PSP without FoG (n = 190)...

BACKGROUND: Gait initiation and turning are common triggers for Freezing of Gait (FOG) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, it has been shown that closed-loop tactile feedback (CLTF) can be effective to improve turning performance in people with FOG. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does CLTF change the preparation and execution of the first step during gait initiation? METHODS: People (n = 36) with PD with FOG (PD + FOG) (n = 18) and without FOG (PD-FOG) (n = 18) were included in the study and performed self-initiated gait with or without CLTF under single and dual task conditions...

Freezing of gait (FOG) is common in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) which is extremely debilitating. One hypothesis for the cause of FOG episodes is impaired cognitive control, however, this is still in debate in the literature. We aimed to assess a comprehensive range of cognitive tests in older adults and people with Parkinson's with and without FOG and associate FOG severity with cognitive performance. A total of 227 participants took part in the study which included 80 healthy older adults, 81 people with PD who did not have FOG and 66 people with PD and FOG...

Introduction . It is well documented that freezing of gait (FoG) episodes occur in situations that are mentally challenging, such as dual tasks, consistent with less automatic control of gait in people with Parkinson disease (PD) and FoG. However, most physical rehabilitation does not include such challenges. The purpose was to determine (1) feasibility of a cognitively challenging Agility Boot Camp-Cognitive (ABC-C) program and (2) effects of this intervention on FoG, dual-task cost, balance, executive function, and functional connectivity...