Diabete

Proline henagliflozin, a novel selective inhibitor of sodium glucose cotransporter 2, is a treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. We designed a parallel-group, open-label, and multicenter study to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), and safety profiles of henagliflozin in Chinese subjects with varying degrees of liver dysfunction. Thirty-two subjects were enrolled and divided into four groups based on liver function (normal liver function, mild, moderate, or severe liver dysfunction). The area under the plasma concentration from time zero to infinity of henagliflozin in subjects with mild liver dysfunction, moderate liver dysfunction, and severe liver dysfunction compared with normal liver function was increased by 137%, 197%, and 204%, respectively...

In today's industrialized society food consumption has changed immensely toward heightened red meat intake and use of artificial sweeteners instead of grains and vegetables or sugar, respectively. These dietary changes affect public health in general through an increased incidence of metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity, with a further elevated risk for cardiorenal complications. Research shows that high red meat intake and artificial sweeteners ingestion can alter the microbial composition and further intestinal wall barrier permeability allowing increased transmission of uremic toxins like p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, trimethylamine n-oxide and phenylacetylglutamine into the blood stream causing an array of pathophysiological effects especially as a strain on the kidneys, since they are responsible for clearing out the toxins...

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a primary microvascular complication arising from diabetes, may result in end-stage renal disease. Epigenetic regulation of endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been recently reported to exert function in metabolic memory and DKD. Here, we investigated the mechanism which Sirt7 modulated EndMT in human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs) in the occurrence of metabolic memory in DKD. Lower levels of SDC1 and Sirt7 were noted in the glomeruli of both DKD patients and diabetes-induced renal injury rats, as well as in human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs) with high blood sugar...

BACKGROUND: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of anti-hyperglycaemic agents. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and the adjuvant glycaemic control effect of an SGLT2 inhibitor, DWP16001, in diabetic dogs receiving insulin treatment. METHODS: Nineteen diabetic dogs receiving insulin treatment (NPH, porcine lente and glargine insulin) were divided into two groups according to dosing frequency: DWP TOD group (n = 10) and DWP SID group (n = 9)...

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BACKGROUND: Extensive evidence suggests a link between alterations in serum metabolite composition and various autoimmune diseases (ADs). Nevertheless, the causal relationship underlying these correlations and their potential utility as dependable biomarkers for early AD detection remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to employ a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to ascertain the causal relationship between serum metabolites and ADs...

INTRODUCTION: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) was originally described as a stress-induced cytokine, and a biomarker of aging and cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that circulating GDF-15 would be associated with COVID-19 disease severity. Herein, we explored this hypothesis in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 926 COVID-19 adult patients and from 285 hospitalized controls from the Biobanque Québécoise de la COVID-19 (BQC19)...

INTRODUCTION:  Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a disorder affecting the autonomic nerves that regulate the cardiovascular system, leading to irregular heart rate and blood pressure control. It is commonly associated with diabetes mellitus but can also result from other conditions such as autoimmune disorders, chronic kidney disease, alcohol abuse, and certain medications. Screening for CAN is essential, particularly in individuals with poor glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, or complications...

Melioidosis is caused by a gram-negative bacillus  Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) , which is found in water and soil in endemic areas. There are indicators that  B. pseudomallei  is increasing in endemic regions and expanding into new locations. It is unclear whether this is because of expanded boundaries or improved detection capabilities. It is even theorized to be endemic in certain parts of the USA. The most common medical risk factor is diabetes mellitus, and it frequently presents as acute pneumonia, and often progresses to bacteremia...

Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are major public health challenges globally, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. The co-occurrence and interplay among these conditions exacerbate health outcomes, highlighting the need for an integrated understanding and approach to management. This narrative review aims to explore the complex relationships between diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and CKD, elucidating their collective impact on health. It discusses the epidemiological trends, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, genetic predispositions, current treatment strategies, and the future direction of research and therapy...

Background Diabetes has become an epidemic, significantly impacting ocular health as one of its end-organ responses. Among the various ocular complications, alterations in corneal morphology stand out. Central corneal thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell function are vital parameters in assessing intraocular pressure, conducting pre-refractive surgery evaluations, and maintaining corneal transparency. Understanding these changes in diabetic individuals compared to non-diabetics is crucial for managing ocular health in this population...

Rheumatic diseases are a group of conditions including arthritis and various other conditions that can lead to chronic inflammation within the musculoskeletal system, which can have negative effects on soft tissues, bones, muscles, joints, and connective tissue. One form of arthritis is gout, which is an inflammatory condition in which urate acid crystals build up in joints. Gout is associated with joint swelling, pain, redness, and joint mobility issues. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent joint degradation and other adverse complications...

PURPOSE: Whether the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty disease has a different impact on liver transplant recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma is not yet clear. METHODS: Data from a two-center retrospective cohort study were collected to compare and investigate the differences between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis among liver transplant recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma...

OBJECTIVE: Obesity, hypertension and diabetes are high prevalent that are often associated with poor outcomes. They have become major global health concern. Little research has been done on the impact of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) on outcomes in these patients. Thus, we aimed to explore the association between LMR and all-cause mortality in obese hypertensive patients with diabetes and without diabetes. METHODS: The researchers analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2018), which included 4,706 participants...

BACKGROUND: Hypoglycemia is common in individuals with type 1 diabetes, especially during exercise. We investigated the accuracy of two different continuous glucose monitoring systems during exercise-related hypoglycemia in an experimental setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen individuals with type 1 diabetes participated in two separate euglycemic-hypoglycemic clamp days (Clamp-exercise and Clamp-rest) including five phases: 1) baseline euglycemia, 2) plasma glucose (PG) decline ± exercise, 3) 15-minute hypoglycemia ± exercise, 4) 45-minute hypoglycemia, and 5) recovery euglycemia...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, with the widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment, the toxicity associated with immunotherapy of ICIs has attracted more attention from scholars. Endocrine toxicity is the most likely immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and is often irreversible, posing a significant clinical treatment challenge. METHODS: In this study, bibliometric methods were used to analyze relevant literature in screening endocrine-related adverse events caused by ICIs in the Web of Science core collection database (WoSCC) and to summarize the status, research hot spots, and future trends in this field...

Despite advanced health facilities in many developed countries, diabetic patients face multifold health challenges. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) go along with conspicuous symptoms due to frequent peaks, hypoglycemia <=70 mg/dL (while fasting), or hyperglycemia >=180 mg/dL two hours postprandial, according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA)). The worse effects of Type 2 diabetes mellitus are precisely associated with the poor lifestyle adopted by patients. In particular, a healthy diet and nutritious food are the key to success for such patients...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a native type I collagen matrix plus polyhexamethylene biguanide antimicrobial (PCMP) and a cryopreserved cadaveric skin allograft (CCSA) for use in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). METHODS: A real-world data study was conducted on 989 DFUs analyzed digitally. Of these, 325 and 664 DFUs were treated with PCMP and CCSA, respectively. Non-inferiority testing for equivalence of PCMP and CCSA was performed at a level of significance of P < ...

PURPOSE: A surge in the use of semaglutide injection (Ozempic® ) approved to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) has led to a global supply shortage. We investigated contemporary user rates and clinical characteristics of semaglutide (Ozempic® ) users in Denmark, and the extent of "off-label" prescribing for weight loss. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nationwide population-based cross-sectional study based on linked health registries January 2018 through December 2023...

The beneficial effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown recently in numerous randomized controlled trials (RCT) and systematic reviews. According to KDIGO guidelines, SGLT2i currently represent a first choice for diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition, a recent meta-analysis of 13 large led by the 'SGLT2 inhibitor Meta-Analysis Cardio-Renal Trialists' Consortium' (SMART-C) provided solid evidence of SGLT2i beneficial effects in CKD or in patients with heart failure, with and without diabetes...