small call lung cancer

In 2019, the Cancer Cachexia Web Questionnaire Survey(J-EPOCC), conducted among cancer patients, their families and healthcare professionals in Japan showed that nearly half of patients who had experienced appetite loss or weight loss during cancer treatment had not consulted with healthcare professionals about their symptoms, and it meant that patients missed the opportunity to receive medical intervention. Since anamorelin was approved in 2021 fo"r Cancer cachexia in non- small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer", the treatment environment for cancer cachexia has greatly changed...

BACKGROUND: Genomic fusions are potent oncogenic drivers across cancer types and many are targetable. We demonstrate the clinical performance of DNA-based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) for detecting targetable fusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed targetable fusion genes in >450 000 tissue specimens profiled using DNA CGP (FoundationOne CDx, FoundationOne). Using a de-identified nationwide (US-based) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) clinico-genomic database, we assessed outcomes in patients with nonsquamous NSCLC (NonSqNSCLC) who received matched therapy based on a fusion identified using DNA CGP...

Fragments derived from tRNA, called tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), have attracted widespread attention in the past decade. tsRNAs are widespread in prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcriptome, which contains two main types, tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA-derived stress-inducing RNA (tiRNAs), derived from the precursor tRNAs or mature tRNAs. According to differences in the cleavage position, tRFs can be divided into tRF-1, tRF-2, tRF-3, tRF-5, and i-tRF, whereas tiRNAs can be divided into 5'-tiRNA and 3'-tiRNA...

Epidemiological trends in cancer research show that lung cancer can affect up to 1 in 15 men and 1 in 17 women. With incidence rates as high as these and significant associated mortality and morbidity, it is no wonder that lung cancer is one of the main areas of research focused on cancer. Advances in targeted treatments and specialized irradiation protocols have allowed the treatment of more advanced cases. However, as the patient numbers grow, so does the need for cancer-preventive strategies. The present narrative review focuses on soy isoflavones' role in the chemoprevention of lung cancer and their possible role in therapeutic adjuncts...

INTRODUCTION: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) arises in a number of epithelial tissues, including the stomach, salivary gland, lung, small bowel, thyroid, ocular adnexa, skin, and elsewhere. It has also been called low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). MALT lymphoma predominantly occurs in adults and is rare in children. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of MALT lymphoma involving the stomach, which is the most common subtype, in a 12-year-old girl...

WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT?: This is a summary of the results of a study called PHAROS. This study looked at combination treatment with encorafenib (BRAFTOVI® ) and binimetinib (MEKTOVI® ). This combination of medicines was studied in people with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC is the most common type of lung cancer. Metastatic means that the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. All people in this study had a type of NSCLC that has a change in a gene called BRAF termed a BRAF V600E mutation...

OBJECTIVES: Radiation therapy for lung cancer requires a gross tumour volume (GTV) to be carefully outlined by a skilled radiation oncologist (RO) to accurately pinpoint high radiation dose to a malignant mass while simultaneously minimizing radiation damage to adjacent normal tissues. This is manually intensive and tedious however, it is feasible to train a deep learning (DL) neural network that could assist ROs to delineate the GTV. However, DL trained on large openly accessible data sets might not perform well when applied to a superficially similar task but in a different clinical setting...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to present a deep-learning network called contrastive learning-based cycle generative adversarial networks (CLCGAN) to mitigate streak artifacts and correct the CT value in four-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (4D-CBCT) for dose calculation in lung cancer patients. METHODS: 4D-CBCT and 4D computed tomography (CT) of 20 patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer were used to paired train the deep-learning model...

Stage pIIIA/N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is primarily treated by complete surgical resection combined with neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies. However, up to 40% of patients experience tumor recurrence. Here, we studied 119 stage pIIIA/N2 NSCLC patients who received complete surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The paired tumor and resection margin samples were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Although all patients were classified as negative resection margins by histologic methods, NGS revealed that 47...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to analyze the accuracy of video-assisted mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy (VAMLA) and the unsuspected (u) N2-3 rates in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and normal mediastinum by integrated positron emission tomography (PET) - computed tomography (CT). METHODS: Prospective observational single-center study of 603 consecutive VAMLAs from 2010 to 2022. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: other indications (n=32); tumors different from NSCLC (n=91); cN2-3 tumors by PET-CT (n=46)...

Maintaining cellular homeostasis relies on the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy, and disruption in either of these processes can contribute to the development of cancer. Autophagy can hinder the apoptotic process, and when autophagy is inhibited in such instances, it can enhance the rate of apoptosis. However, evidence suggests that excessive autophagy can also lead to apoptotic cell death. Also, excess autophagy can cause excessive digestion of cellular organelles, causing autophagic cell death. Targeting autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common form of lung cancer, can be very tricky due to the dual nature of autophagy...

The transcription factors TTF1/NKX2-1 and ΔNp63/p40 are the counterposed molecular markers associated with the main Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer subtypes: TTF1 for adenocarcinoma, p40 for squamous cell carcinoma. Although they generally display a mutually exclusive expression, some exceptions exist simultaneously lacking or (very rarely) expressing both markers, either pattern being associated to poor prognosis. Hence, we quantitatively analyzed the relationship between their coordinated activity and prognosis...

Small extracellular vesicles called exosomes are produced by cells and contain a range of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Exosomes have been implicated in the development and spread of cancer, and recent studies have shown that their contents may be exploited as biomarkers for early detection and ongoing surveillance of the disease. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on exosomes as biomarkers of cancer. We discuss the various methods used for exosome isolation and characterization, as well as the different types of biomolecules found within exosomes that are relevant for cancer diagnosis and prognosis...

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) play an important role in the treatment of cancers. However, immunotherapy can also induce atypical response patterns, including pseudoprogression, which is challenging to clinicians. We reported a case of non-small-cell lung cancer showing so-called pseudoprogression during the treatment of pembrolizumab and the patient benefited clinically from continued treatment with ICIs. Therefore, beside imaging evaluation, the assessment of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, numerical rating scale score of cancer pain, tumor markers levels, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio should be used for response evaluation of tumors in the era of immunotherapy...

BACKGROUND: Deep learning has revolutionized digital pathology, allowing automatic analysis of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained whole slide images (WSIs) for diverse tasks. WSIs are broken into smaller images called tiles, and a neural network encodes each tile. Many recent works use supervised attention-based models to aggregate tile-level features into a slide-level representation, which is then used for downstream analysis. Training supervised attention-based models is computationally intensive, architecture optimization of the attention module is non-trivial, and labeled data are not always available...

Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP), previously called Mw vaccine, is a one-of-a-kind immunomodulatory vaccine. It was indigenously developed in India for use in leprosy. MIP is heat-killed Mycobacterium w, which is a non-pathogenic atypical mycobacterium belonging to Class IV of Runyon classification. It shares epitopes with Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis , which forms the rationale behind its use in leprosy and tuberculosis. MIP activates both innate and acquired immunity. It induces a Th1 and Th17 immune response along with downregulation of Th2 pathway and activates macrophages and dendritic cells...

Acquired resistance is a major problem limiting the clinical efficacy of treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Histological transformation is an important mechanism underlying the acquired resistance of non-small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer to targeted therapy. However, no report has examined the role of histological transformation in mCRC. Here, we report the first case of histologically transformed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from primary colon adenocarcinoma during antiangiogenesis and anti-PD-1 combination therapy...

BACKGROUND: In 2022, an update of the German lung cancer guideline, first published in 2010 and revised in 2018, was released. This article aims to show the process of updating, developing, and implementing guideline-based quality indicators (QI) into the certification system for lung cancer centers (LCC). METHODS: A multidisciplinary and interprofessional working group revised the guideline QIs from 2018 using the strong recommendations of the guideline update, a systematic review for QIs, and the results of the implemented QIs from LCC...

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has attracted considerable attention as a noninvasive, efficient, and economic therapeutic modality for solid tumors. However, HIFU surgery has its intrinsic limitation in completely ablating tumors, leading to residual tumor tissue. Furthermore, the severely hypoxic environment ensuring after surgery can exacerbate the unrestricted proliferation and metabolism of residual tumor cells, leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. To address these limitations, a versatile HIFU-specific metal-organic framework nanosystem (called ADMOFs) is developed by coordinating hypoxia-activated prodrug AQ4N, Mn2+ , and DOX based on the postoperative response to changes in the tumor microenvironment...

Histologic transformation (HT) is common following targeted therapy in adenocarcinoma. However, whether the transformed tumor is a new component or a combined neuroendocrine carcinoma (C-NEC) remains controversial. We aimed to explore the relationship between pulmonary C-NEC and HT. Macro-dissection was performed on different components of surgically resected C-NEC samples. Molecular alterations and clonal evolution were analyzed using whole exome sequencing (WES). The gene statuses for TP53 and RB1 were determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and WES to analyze the relationship between C-NEC and reported HT...