Lorenzo Famiglini, Andrea Campagner, Marilia Barandas, Giovanni Andrea La Maida, Enrico Gallazzi, Federico Cabitza
This paper proposes a user study aimed at evaluating the impact of Class Activation Maps (CAMs) as an eXplainable AI (XAI) method in a radiological diagnostic task, the detection of thoracolumbar (TL) fractures from vertebral X-rays. In particular, we focus on two oft-neglected features of CAMs, that is granularity and coloring, in terms of what features, lower-level vs higher-level, should the maps highlight and adopting which coloring scheme, to bring better impact to the decision-making process, both in terms of diagnostic accuracy (that is effectiveness) and of user-centered dimensions, such as perceived confidence and utility (that is satisfaction), depending on case complexity, AI accuracy, and user expertise...
February 1, 2024: Computers in Biology and Medicine