Resident assessment

PROBLEM: As more states legalize medical aid in dying (MAID), there is an ever-increasing need of physicians trained in this type of end-of-life care. However, resident curricula in MAID have not been previously reported or assessed. The authors describe a residency curriculum in MAID and evaluate the resident outcomes of this program. APPROACH: Since 2018, the Sutter Family Medicine Residency Program in California has offered training in MAID to its residents. Residents attend lectures, evaluate patients for MAID, write prescriptions for aid-in-dying medications, and attend the planned deaths of their patients if desired...

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To document the clinical patterns of antibiotic prescriptions in government hospitals, where the majority of physicians possess a degree-based training. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A Retrospective cross section study carried out between 1/7/2022 and April 2023 that enrolling 300 patients from governmental hospitals from different provinces of Central and northern Iraq. The research form contained 15 fields divided into three sections...

PURPOSE: Delivery of person-centered care (PCC) is the standard in nursing homes (NHs) and demonstrates a positive impact on resident quality of life (QOL). PCC inherently recognizes and prioritizes resident preferences; however, preferences, and their degree of importance among residents, demonstrate a variable relationship with QOL that remains underexplored. Therefore, the current study examined the association between preferences and QOL among NH residents. METHOD: A mixed methods study incorporating surveys was conducted among 144 residents, with semi-structured follow-up interviews with 11 residents...

Introduction Being the first in-line care providers, primary healthcare (PHC) physicians may encounter all forms of medical emergencies, ranging from minor complaints to major life-threatening events; therefore, this study aims to assess the PHC physicians' knowledge and attitude related to the diagnosis and management of emergency cases as well as their preferences for emergency medicine training courses and their preferred methods of training. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among physicians working at PHC in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, between November and December 2023, excluding those who do not work at PHC...

BACKGROUND: Recent advancements in the development of robotic devices increasingly draw the attention toward the concept of robotic microsurgery, as several systems tailored to open microsurgery are being introduced. This study describes the combined application of a novel microsurgical robot, the Symani, with a novel robotic microscope, the RoboticScope, for the performance of microvascular anastomoses in a two-center preclinical trial. METHODS: Six novices, residents, and experienced microsurgeons (n = 18) performed five anastomoses on 1...

The number of studies examining gender differences in the social relationship rewards associated with costly religious practice has been surprisingly low. Here, we use data from 289 residents of an agricultural Tibetan village to assess whether individuals are more inclined to establish supportive relationships with religious individuals in general and to investigate the gender disparities in the relationship between religiosity and personal network characteristics. Our results reveal that participation in religious rituals contributes to the overall development of social support networks...

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the demographic characteristics and factors influencing burn injuries, primarily in low socioeconomic societies where such incidents are prevalent due to factors such as illiteracy and poverty. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included all burn patients admitted to Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Demographic data such as age, sex, occupation, education level, and residence as well as detailed information about the burn incidents such as date, time, location, number of people present at the scene, and referral place was collected...

Milk is a nutritious food that plays a great role in the diets of a society largely dependent on livestock production. On the other hand, contaminants can enter milk naturally or intentionally, causing a negative impact on the health of consumers. Milk adulteration is a wide concern in the dairy industry in many countries, including Ethiopia, with a subsequent negative impact on its nutritive value and potentially affecting the health of consumers. This study was designed to assess the perceptions of rural and urban residents in Borana pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Ethiopia related to milk adulteration...

River Chanchaga has experienced significant agricultural practices around its catchment, which involved the indiscriminate use of pesticides. However, residents of the study area are not well aware of the negative impact of pesticides on water quality and macroinvertebrates. In this study, the first report on the influence of organophosphate pesticide contamination on the abundance of the macroinvertebrate community was provided. Sampling for the determination of organophosphate pesticide residues was carried out during the peak of the two seasons, while macroinvertebrates and physicochemical variables were observed for 6 months...

INTRODUCTION: Vaccination remains crucial in reducing COVID-19 hospitalizations and mitigating the strain on healthcare systems. We conducted a multicenter study to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) of primary and booster vaccination against hospitalization and to identify subgroups with reduced VE. METHODS: From March to July 2021 and October 2021 to January 2022, a test-negative case-control study was conducted in nine Dutch hospitals. The study included adults eligible for COVID-19 vaccination who were hospitalized with respiratory symptoms...

PURPOSE: Assessment in medical education has changed over time to measure the evolving skills required of current medical practice. Physical and biophysical markers of assessment attempt to use technology to gain insight into medical trainees' knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The authors conducted a scoping review to map the literature on the use of physical and biophysical markers of assessment in medical training. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors searched seven databases on 1 August 2022, for publications that utilized physical or biophysical markers in the assessment of medical trainees (medical students, residents, fellows, and synonymous terms used in other countries)...

PROBLEM/CONDITION: A 2019 report quantified the higher percentage of potentially excess (preventable) deaths in U.S. nonmetropolitan areas compared with metropolitan areas during 2010-2017. In that report, CDC compared national, regional, and state estimates of preventable premature deaths from the five leading causes of death in nonmetropolitan and metropolitan counties during 2010-2017. This report provides estimates of preventable premature deaths for additional years (2010-2022). PERIOD COVERED: 2010-2022...

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic affected expectant mothers seeking maternal health services in most developing countries. Access and utilization of maternal health services including antenatal care (ANC) attendance and skilled delivery declined drastically resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study assessed pregnancy outcomes before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. METHODS/DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study design was employed...

BACKGROUND: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Dietary diversity is a key indicator of maternal dietary adequacy that may affect birth weight but little is known about their relationship. Hence, this study aimed to assess the association of suboptimal maternal dietary diversity during pregnancy and low birth weight in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia. METHODS: The prospective study was conducted among 1062 pregnant women enrolled consecutively in between 16 to 20 gestational weeks and followed until delivery...

IMPORTANCE: Area-level measures of sociodemographic disadvantage may be associated with racial and ethnic disparities with respect to receipt of treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) but have not been investigated previously, to our knowledge. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between area-level measures of social vulnerability and racial and ethnic disparities in the treatment of US Medicare beneficiaries with mRCC from 2015 through 2019. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study included Medicare beneficiaries older than 65 years who were diagnosed with mRCC from January 2015 through December 2019 and were enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare Parts A, B, and D from 1 year before through 1 year after presumed diagnosis or until death...

Clean water is essential for drinking, household use, and agriculture. Researchers studied 39 sites near Tamla nala and Nunia nala channels in Durgapur and Asansol City (West Bengal) to assess the deterioration level of water due to industrial discharge. During the first phase out of three, the researchers conducted a spatial representation of various physicochemical parameters, such as temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Hardness (TH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), significant anions such as chloride (Cl- ), nitrate (NO3 - ), phosphate (PO4 -3 ), sulfate (SO4 2- ), cyanide (CN-1 ) and fluoride (F- ), as well as heavy metals/metalloids such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As)...

OBJECTIVE: In South Asia, studies show secular trends toward slightly later women's marriage and first reproduction. However, data on related biological and social events, such as menarche and age of coresidence with husband, are often missing from these analyses. We assessed generational trends in key life events marking the transition to womanhood in rural lowland Nepal. METHODS: We used data on 110 co-resident mother-in-law (MIL) and daughter-in-law (DIL) dyads...

We hypothesized that the residual concentrations of fluoroquinolones allowed in food (acceptable daily intake-ADIs) could select for ciprofloxacin resistance in our resident microbiota. We developed models of chronic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in Galleria mellonella larvae and exposed them to ADI doses of ciprofloxacin via single dosing and daily dosing regimens. The emergence of ciprofloxacin resistance was assessed via isolation of the target bacteria in selective agar plates. Exposure to as low as one-tenth of the ADI dose of the single and daily dosing regimens of ciprofloxacin resulted in the selection of ciprofloxacin resistance in K...

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3-D) printing offers an innovative option to produce clinical simulators because of its low production costs and widespread availability. We aimed to develop a low-cost, 3-D printed knot-tying simulator that overcomes the barriers students face in self-directed skills development. APPROACH: Medical students completing a procedural residency preparation course (PRPC) completed a pre-survey with Likert scales and multiple choice questions to assess their perceptions of and barriers to self-directed knot-tying practice...

The pathogenesis of trauma-induced heterotopic ossification (HO) in the tendon remains unclear, posing a challenging hurdle in treatment. Recognizing inflammation as the root cause of HO, anti-inflammatory agents hold promise for its management. Malvidin (MA), possessing anti-inflammatory properties, emerges as a potential agent to impede HO progression. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MA in treating trauma-induced HO and unravel its underlying mechanisms. Herein, the effectiveness of MA in preventing HO formation was assessed through local injection in a rat model...