Anti-platelets

The aim of this study was to determine the rate of aspirin responsiveness in a cohort of pediatric patients with in situ xenograft valved right ventricle to pulmonary artery (RV-PA) conduits and/or transcatheter valve replacements (TVR). Aspirin is routinely prescribed to these patients. Optimizing anti-platelet therapy could promote valve longevity and reduce the risk of infective endocarditis in this at-risk group. This was a prospective, observational study. Patients were recruited from both ward and outpatient settings...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Identify optimal P2Y12 inhibitor durations balancing ischemic-benefit and bleeding-risk outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in older men and women. DESIGN: Observational retrospective cohort with 2 years of follow-up, using clone-censor-weight marginal structural models to emulate randomization. SETTING: 20 % sample of US Medicare administrative claims data. PARTICIPANTS: P2Y12 inhibitor new users ≥66 years old following 2008-2013 AMI hospitalization...

OBJECTIVE: Deciding on the optimal duration of dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT) remains a complex decision. This survey aims to explore the preferences for antiplatelet therapy and the daily routine regarding DAPT duration in coronary artery disease among a group of cardiologists in Türkiye. METHOD: Using an online questionnaire with 38 questions, the preferences of 314 cardiologists were collected. Qualitative descriptive characteristics of the answers received from the participants were examined...

Glycoprotein (GP) VI plays a major role in thrombosis but not haemostasis, making it a promising antithrombotic target. The primary role of GPVI on the surface of platelets is a signalling receptor for collagen, which is one of the most potent thrombotic sub-endothelial components that is exposed by atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Inhibition of GPVI has therefore been investigated as a strategy for treatment and prevention of atherothrombosis, such as during stroke and acute coronary syndromes. A range of specific GPVI inhibitors have been characterised and 2 of these inhibitors, glenzocimab and revacept, have completed phase II clinical trials in ischemic stroke...

INTRODUCTION: Stent-assisted coil embolization (SACE) for cerebral aneurysms requires dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), commonly clopidogrel plus aspirin is preferable to ticagrelor or prasugrel plus aspirin. However, there are few studies assessing the safety of the association of ticagrelor or prasugrel plus aspirin. OBJECTIVES: Compare the safety of newer P2Y12 inhibitors with clopidogrel in patients that underwent a SACE for cerebral aneurysms. METHODS: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we searched PubMed and Embase for studies comparing newer P2Y12 inhibitors with clopidogrel in patients undergoing DAPT for SACE...

BACKGROUND: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is commonly associated with platelet-associated immunoglobulins (PAIg). Demonstration of PAIg can help determine etiologies for thrombocytopenia. In humans, ITP and thrombocytopenia have been associated with various vaccinations and influenza infections, respectively. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate platelet counts and PAIg in research dogs with H3N2 and in research and client-owned dogs routinely vaccinated for distemper, adenovirus-2, parainfluenza, and parvovirus (DA2PP)...

Hematology is a clinical specialty with strong roots in the laboratory; accordingly, the lab can help solve perplexing clinical problems. This review highlights clinical-pathological conundrums addressed during my 35-year hematology career at McMaster University. Heyde syndrome is the association between aortic stenosis and bleeding gastrointestinal (GI) angiodysplasia where the bleeding is usually cured by aortic valve replacement; the chance reading of a neonatal study showing reversible deficiency of high-molecular-weight (HMW) multimers of von Willebrand factor (vWF) following surgical correction of congenital heart disease provided the key insight that a subtle deficiency of HMW multimers of vWF explains Heyde syndrome...

Drugs with anti-platelet aggregation and neuroprotection are of great significance for the treatment of ischemic stroke. A series of edaravone and 6-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one hybrids were designed and synthesized. Among them, 6g showed the most effective cytoprotective effect against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced damage in BV2 cells and an excellent inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid. Additionally, 6g could prevent thrombosis caused by ferric chloride in rats and pose a lower risk of causing bleeding compared with aspirin...

Euphorhypenoids A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ), two new dammarane-type triterpenoids, along with four known tetracyclic triterpenoids ( 3 - 6 ), were isolated from the whole plant of Euphorbia hypericifolia . The structures of new compounds were mainly elucidated by a series of extensive spectroscopic methods, including HR-ESI-MS, NMR, IR, and UV. Compound 1 exhibited significant inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation at concentrations of 10 - 200  µ M.

OBJECTIVE: To determine different aetiologies and outcomes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in hospitalised patients. METHODS: The retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data from December 2019 to April 2021 related to adult patients of either gender with nongastrointestinal illnesses who developed bleeding at least 24 hours after admission. Data was reviewed for clinical characteristics, cause of bleeding and clinical outcome...

INTRODUCTION: Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare yet severe adverse complication first identified during the global vaccination effort against SARS-CoV-2 infection, predominantly observed following administration of the ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and Ad26.CoV2.S (Johnson & Johnson/Janssen) adenoviral vector-based vaccines. Unlike other anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibody-mediated disorders, such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), VITT arises with the development of platelet-activating anti-PF4 antibodies 4-42 days post-vaccination, typically featuring thrombocytopenia and thrombosis at unusual sites...

Apple pomace (AP) is a bio-waste product of apples that is co-produced as a by-product during apples' processing for making apple-based products, mainly apple juice, cider and vinegar. AP is a rich source of several bioactives that can be valorized as ingredients for developing novel functional foods, supplements and nutraceuticals. Within the present study, food-grade extracts from AP with different tannin contents were found to contain bioactive polar lipids (PLs), phenolics and carotenoids with strong anti-oxidant, antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties...

Detecting anti-PF4 antibodies remains the golden diagnostic method for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. Various lab tests detect anti-PF4 antibodies, including immunoassays and functional assays. Even with positive detection of the anti-PF4 antibody, several factors are involved in the result. The concept of anti-PF4 disorders was recently brought to light during the COVID pandemic since the development of vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) with the adenovirus-vectored-DNA vaccine during the pandemic...

High on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity (HPR) associates with ischemic risk in patients after percutaneous intervention (PCI). This study aimed to evaluate the association of HPR as assessed by multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) with ischemic, thromboembolic, and bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing PCI. Patients with AF and an indication for oral anticoagulation (OAC) were included in this prospective cohort study on day 1-3 after PCI. Platelet aggregation [U] was analyzed by MEA...

Hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT), a potential aftereffect of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure, may affect valve performance and clinical outcomes. At this moment we describe an elderly patient who, despite being on prophylactic antiplatelet medication for previous percutaneous intervention (PCI) for coronary artery disease (CAD) and a self-expanding valve in-situ for aortic stenosis (TAVR), presented to the emergency room with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), probably as a result of a thromboembolic event from HALT...

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of chronic subdural haematoma (cSDH) is relatively high among the elderly population. Other known risk factors for cSDH include male sex, dependency on anti-platelet or anticoagulant medication, and chronic alcoholism. Although, the standard mode of treatment for cSDH is surgery, embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA), either upfront or as an adjunct to surgical evacuation can be used for the treatment of cSDH. CASE PRESENTATION: The authors present a case of a 75-year-old female with prior history of posterior-lateral wall myocardial infarction (MI) eight years back presented to our centre with the chief complaints of a gradual onset of cough and headache for 2 months...

Haemostatic abnormalities and deregulated coagulation are common complications in AL amyloidosis. The relevant risks of thromboembolic and haemorrhagic events have not been thoroughly evaluated. To describe clinically significant thrombotic/haemorrhagic events in 450 consecutive patients with AL amyloidosis. Venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) were reported in 6% and arterial embolic events (AEEs) in 5% of patients, respectively, during a 55-month median follow-up. Lower albumin, lower eGFR, higher BM infiltration, soft tissue involvement, IMiD-based therapy and prior thrombosis were associated with VTE risk...

Snake venoms are known to contain toxins capable of interfering with normal physiological processes of victims. Specificity of toxins from snake venoms give scope to identify new molecules with therapeutic action and/or help to understand different cellular mechanisms. Russell's viper venom (RVV) is a mixture of many bioactive molecules with enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins. The present article describes Daboialipase (DLP), an enzymatic phospholipase A2 with molecular mass of 14.3 kDa isolated from RVV...

Platelets are important cells in hemostatic and coagulative reactions. Interestingly, platelets-related immunopathological mechanism and clinical research have become one of the hot research topics in tuberculosis at home and abroad in recent years. Platelets get involved in host chronic inflammation and pulmonary immune response, thus playing a negative regulatory role in tuberculosis. This is achieved through direct internalization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and indirect interaction with immune cells. In addition, patients with tuberculosis often have thrombocytosis, and there is increasing evidence that anti-platelet therapy as a host-directed therapy has demonstrable clinical benefit in tuberculosis control...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of chronic disease in which multiple factors are responsible for the structural and functional disorders of the kidney. Piperazine ferulate (PF) has anti-platelet and anti-fibrotic effects, and its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of PF against CKD in rats and to determine its mechanism of action. Network pharmacology was used to predict potential PF action targets in the treatment of CKD and to further validate them...