body screening

BACKGROUND: Multiple lines of evidence suggest that exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may alter glucose homeostasis, particularly during pregnancy, and may affect risk for developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). While previous systematic reviews have been conducted on this topic, they did not assess internal validity of the included studies and their search strategies were narrowly focused. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess the effect of higher PFAS exposure (defined by individual compounds or mixtures measured before or during pregnancy) on GDM and subclinical measures of impaired glucose homeostasis (measured during pregnancy) compared to lower PFAS exposure in pregnant...

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aims to analyse the relationship between sedentary behaviour and breast cancer (BC) risk from a social perspective. METHODS: Women aged 45-70 who participated in the Valencia Region Breast Cancer Screening Programme (2018-2019) were included, with a total of 121,359 women analysed, including 506 with cancer and 120,853 without cancer. The response variable was BC (screen-detected) and the main explanatory variable was sedentary behaviour (≤2 / >2-≤3 / >3-≤5 / >5 hours/day, h/d)...

BACKGROUND: One of the ailments with the greatest fatality rates in the 21st century is cancer. Globally, molecular methods are widely employed to treat cancer-related disorders, and the body of research on this subject is growing yearly. A thorough and critical summary of the data supporting molecular methods for illnesses linked to cancer is required. OBJECTIVE: In order to guide clinical practice and future research, it is important to examine and summarize the systematic reviews (SRs) that evaluate the efficacy and safety of molecular methods for disorders associated to cancer...

CONTEXT: Hierarchical clustering (HC) identifies subtypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to identify clinically significant subtypes in a PCOS cohort diagnosed with the Rotterdam criteria and to further characterize the distinct subtypes. METHODS: Clustering was performed using the variables body mass index (BMI), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, insulin, and glucose...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the suitable population of CT value for predicting low bone mineral density (low-BMD). METHODS: A total of 1268 patients who underwent chest CT examination and DXA within one-month period retrospectively analyzed. The CT attenuation values of trabecular bone were measured in mid-sagittal plane from thoracic vertebra 7 (T7). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the ability to diagnose low-BMD. RESULTS: The AUC for diagnosing low BMD was larger in women than in men (0...

BACKGROUND: To study the related factors of frailty and quality of life in elderly patients after spinal surgery. METHODS: The anxiety, depression, frailty, and quality of life of all patients were assessed by the Anxiety screening scale (GAD-7), Depression screening scale (PHQ-9), Frailty screening scale (FRAIL), and European five-dimensional health scale (EQ-5D-5L) 1 day before surgery (DAY-0). A numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to evaluate patients' pain during activities on the 1st day (POD-1), 3rd day (POD-3), and 30th day (POD-30) after operation...

BACKGROUND: The link between physical and mental health and screen time in adolescents has been the subject of scientific scrutiny in recent years. However, there are few studies that have evaluated the association between social network addiction (SNA) and metabolic risk in this population. OBJECTIVE: This study determined the association between SNA and anxiety symptoms with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Peruvian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, who completed a Social Network Addiction Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item scale (GAD-2), between September and November 2022...

OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the significance of serum ferritin and De Ritis ratio as diagnostic markers in patients of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from February to October 2022 at the Radiology Department of Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised individuals aged 30-65 who were divided into 3 groups. Healthy controls formed group I, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus formed group II and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were in group III...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aims to reevaluate upper reference limit (URL) for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by considering the changing epidemiology of major liver diseases. We employed histological and metabolic parameters in Asian living liver donors. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 5,455 potential living liver donors from 2005 to 2019. Participants were screened for hepatitis B, C, HIV, and alcohol use. Histologically and metabolically healthy participants were assessed using the Prati criteria (body mass index <23 kg/m2 , triglyceride ≤200 mg/dL, fasting glucose ≤105 mg/dL, total cholesterol ≤220 mg/dL)...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Lipids are currently known to play an important role in bone metabolism. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on osteoporotic fractures beyond its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This was a retrospective, observational study that used data from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening cohort database. PATIENT SAMPLE: This study included 318,237 participants who were 50 years or older and with HDL-C levels of 10 to 200 mg/dL...

(3R,7S)-Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a plant hormone that regulates plant defense responses and other physiological functions. The mechanism of attenuation of JA-Ile signaling in the plant body is essential because prolonged JA-Ile signaling can be detrimental to plant survival. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, CYP94B1/B3/C1, inactivate JA-Ile by converting it into 12-hydroxy-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (12-OH-JA-Ile), and CYP94C1 converts 12-OH-JA-Ile into 12-carboxy-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (12-COOH-JA-Ile)...

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is one of the risk factors for screw loosening after lumbar fusion. However, the probability of preoperative osteoporosis screening in patients with lumbar degenerative disease is low. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether a simplified vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score based on T12 T1-MRI could opportunistically predict osteoporosis in patients with degenerative lumbar spine diseases. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed cases treated for lumbar degenerative diseases at a single institution between August 2021 and June 2022...

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth (PTB) contributes to nearly 11% of all deliveries in the world. The majority of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) remains unexplained. Risk factors include abnormal body mass index (BMI), short cervical length, comorbidities and many more. However, there is limited study on the association between body mass index, cervical length and preterm birth in Malaysia among low-risk women. Hence, we aim to examine the relationship between body mass index, cervical length and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth...

INTRODUCTION: Annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening has been shown to reduce lung cancer mortality in high-risk individuals by detecting the disease at an earlier stage. This study aims to assess the barriers to completing LDCT in a cohort of patients who were determined eligible for lung cancer screening (LCS). METHODS: We performed a single institution, mixed methods, cross-sectional study of patients who had a LDCT ordered from July to December 2022...

IMPORTANCE: Overweight and obesity affect 340 million adolescents worldwide and constitute a risk factor for poor mental health. Understanding the association between body mass index (BMI) and mental health in adolescents may help to address rising mental health issues; however, existing studies lack comprehensive evaluations spanning diverse countries and periods. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between BMI and mental health and examine changes over time from 2002 to 2018...

Introduction: The concept of acupoints is a key defining feature of acupuncture, yet the scientific basis of acupoints remains unclear. In recent years, there has been an emerging body of animal studies demonstrating an association between cutaneous sensitivity and visceral pathophysiology, through which acupoints over the skin are sensitized in pathologic conditions. Several studies with humans have also been conducted to assess whether the sensitivity of acupoints is distinct in healthy versus clinical populations...

Lewy body dementia is an umbrella term for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson disease dementia. These progressive, degenerative brain disorders link dementia with psychosis and parkinsonism and are difficult to diagnose. The diagnosis of DLB is challenging, especially in its early phase, because the presentation is variable. Relevant screening tools and a complete physical examination are essential. Making the correct diagnosis lets patients and caregivers make arrangements, have more timely access to services, improve patient quality of life, and lessen the burden on caregivers...

OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to investigate the correlation between intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative delirium (POD) in patients undergoing general anesthesia for gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS: The study comprised 750 participants from the Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder Risk Factor and Prognosis (PNDRFAP) study database, which ultimately screened 510 individuals in the final analysis. Preoperative cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)...

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we compared the dynamic changes in body composition during XELOX/SOX chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer. Furthermore, we investigated the potential impact of these changes on the occurrence of toxic side effects. METHODS: Patients with gastric cancer who received adjuvant or first-line XELOX/SOX chemotherapy between January 2020 and June 2023 were enrolled. The Brief Conghua Scale was used to assess energy intake, and nutritional management was carried out with reference to the Chinese Guidelines for Nutritional Therapy of Cancer 2020 ...

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. While preclinical studies have shown benefits of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in targeting core AD pathology, clinical studies are limited. OBJECTIVE: A systematic review was performed to evaluate GLP-1 RAs in AD for their potential to target core AD pathology and improve cognition. METHODS: Searches were conducted via three different databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library)...