keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547438/oxaliplatin-based-adjuvant-chemotherapy-in-older-patients-with-stage-iii-colon-cancer-an-accent-idea-pooled-analysis-of-12-trials
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Claire Gallois, Qian Shi, Levi D Pederson, Thierry André, Timothy J Iveson, Alberto F Sobrero, Steven Alberts, Aimery de Gramont, Jeffrey A Meyerhardt, Thomas George, Hans-Joachim E Schmoll, Ioannis Souglakos, Andrea Harkin, Roberto Labianca, Frank A Sinicrope, Eiji Oki, Anthony F Shields, Ioannis Boukovinas, Rachel Kerr, Sara Lonardi, Greg Yothers, Takayuki Yoshino, Richard M Goldberg, Julien Taieb, Demetris Papamichael
PURPOSE: A number of studies suggest that older patients may have reduced or no benefit from the addition of oxaliplatin to fluoropyrimidines as adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer (CC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the prognostic impact of age, as well as treatment adherence/toxicity patterns according to age, in patients with stage III CC who received 3 or 6 months of infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin/capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) on the basis of data collected from trials from the ACCENT and IDEA databases...
March 28, 2024: Journal of Clinical Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547341/igg4-related-disease-complicated-with-diffuse-and-chronic-gastrointestinal-inflammation-leading-to-small-intestinal-perforation
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kazuma Ino, Yoshiyuki Arinuma, Masashi Akiya, Sabine Kajita, Sosei Okina, Junichi Sakamoto, Tomoki Tanaka, Yu Matsueda, Tatsuhiko Wada, Sumiaki Tanaka, Kenji Oku, Kunihiro Yamaoka
Immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by elevated serum IgG4, IgG4+ cell infiltration, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. While IgG4-RD can affect various organs, gastrointestinal tract involvement is less common. Here, we report a 70-year-old female with IgG4-RD complicated with diffuse and chronic gastrointestinal inflammation which led to small intestinal perforation. She had been suffering from anorexia, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea, and hospitalized due to recurrent ileus...
March 28, 2024: Modern rheumatology case reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547240/discovery-and-optimization-of-novel-nonbile-acid-fxr-agonists-as-preclinical-candidates-for-the-treatment-of-inflammatory-bowel-disease
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuan Li, Tingting Xu, Yue Zhao, Hui Zhang, Zesheng Liu, Hao Wang, Chaoying Huang, Zhihao Shu, Lixin Gao, Rongrong Xie, Tingying Jiao, Dan Zhang, Dong Zhang, Xuewu Liang, Yi Zang, Yili Sun, Hong Liu, Jia Li, Yu Zhou
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial chronic inflammation of the intestine and has become a global public health concern. A farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was recently reported to play a key role in hepatic-intestinal circulation, intestinal metabolism, immunity, and microbial regulation, and thus, it becomes a promising therapeutic target for IBD. In this study, we identified a series of nonbile acid FXR agonists, in which 33 novel compounds were designed and synthesized by the structure-based drug design strategy from our previously identified hit compound...
March 28, 2024: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547054/kombucha-tea-associated-microbes-remodel-host-metabolic-pathways-to-suppress-lipid-accumulation
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel N DuMez-Kornegay, Lillian S Baker, Alexis J Morris, Whitney L M DeLoach, Robert H Dowen
The popularity of the ancient, probiotic-rich beverage Kombucha Tea (KT) has surged in part due to its purported health benefits, which include protection against metabolic diseases; however, these claims have not been rigorously tested and the mechanisms underlying host response to the probiotics in KT are unknown. Here, we establish a reproducible method to maintain C. elegans on a diet exclusively consisting of Kombucha Tea-associated microbes (KTM), which mirrors the microbial community found in the fermenting culture...
March 2024: PLoS Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546721/comparison-of-daily-versus-admission-and-discharge-surveillance-cultures-for-multidrug-resistant-organism-detection-in-an-intensive-care-unit
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah E Sansom, Teppei Shimasaki, Thelma Dangana, Michael Y Lin, Michael E Schoeny, Christine Fukuda, Nicholas M Moore, Rachel D Yelin, Christine M Bassis, Yoona Rhee, Enrique Cornejo Cisneros, Pamela Bell, Karen Lolans, Khaled Aboushaala, Vincent B Young, Mary K Hayden
BACKGROUND: Admission and discharge screening of patients for asymptomatic gut colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is a traditional approach to active surveillance, but its sensitivity for detecting colonization is uncertain. METHODS: Daily rectal or fecal swab samples and clinical data were collected over 12 months from patients in one 25-bed intensive care unit (ICU) in Chicago, IL USA and tested for the following multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs): vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE); third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL); and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE)...
March 28, 2024: Journal of Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546328/identifying-the-suite-of-genes-central-to-swimming-in-the-biocontrol-bacterium-pseudomonas-protegens-pf-5
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
B K Fabian, C Foster, A Asher, K A Hassan, I T Paulsen, S G Tetu
Swimming motility is a key bacterial trait, important to success in many niches. Biocontrol bacteria, such as Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5, are increasingly used in agriculture to control crop diseases, where motility is important for colonization of the plant rhizosphere. Swimming motility typically involves a suite of flagella and chemotaxis genes, but the specific gene set employed for both regulation and biogenesis can differ substantially between organisms. Here we used transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS), a genome-wide approach, to identify 249 genes involved in P...
March 2024: Microbial Genomics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546272/botanicals-as-promising-antimicrobial-agents-for-enhancing-oral-health-a-comprehensive-review
#7
REVIEW
Ekta Narwal, Jairam Choudhary, Manoj Kumar, Ryszard Amarowicz, Sunil Kumar, Radha, Deepak Chandran, Sangram Dhumal, Surinder Singh, Marisennayya Senapathy, Sureshkumar Rajalingam, Muthamilselvan Muthukumar, Mohamed Mekhemar
The mouth houses the second largest diversity of microorganisms in the body, harboring more than 700 bacterial species colonizing the soft mucosa and hard tooth surfaces. Microbes are the cause of several health-related problems, such as dental carries, gingivitis, periodontitis, etc., in the mouth across different age groups and socioeconomic/demographic groups. Oral infections are major health problems that affect the standard of living. Compromised oral health is related to chronic conditions and systemic disorders...
March 28, 2024: Critical Reviews in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546267/the-staphylococcus-aureus-regulatory-program-in-a-human-skin-like-environment
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Flavia G Costa, Krista B Mills, Heidi A Crosby, Alexander R Horswill
UNLABELLED: Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive pathogen responsible for the majority of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). S. aureus colonizes the anterior nares of approximately 20%-30% of the population and transiently colonizes the skin, thereby increasing the risk of developing SSTIs and more serious infections. Current laboratory models that mimic the skin surface environment are expensive, require substantial infrastructure, and limit the scope of bacterial physiology studies under human skin conditions...
March 28, 2024: MBio
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546105/nonconventional-dysplasia-is-frequently-associated-with-goblet-cell-deficient-and-serrated-variants-of-colonic-adenocarcinoma-in-inflammatory-bowel-disease
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew Xiao, Masato Yozu, Bence P Kővári, Lindsay Yassan, Xiaoyan Liao, Marcela Salomao, Maria Westerhoff, Anita Sejben, Gregory Y Lauwers, Won-Tak Choi
Various subtypes of nonconventional dysplasia have been recently described in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We hypothesized that goblet cell deficient dysplasia and serrated dysplasia may be the primary precursor lesions for goblet cell deficient (GCDAC) and serrated (SAC) variants of colonic adenocarcinoma, respectively. Clinicopathologic features of 23 GCDAC and 10 SAC colectomy cases were analyzed. All dysplastic lesions found adjacent to the colorectal cancers (n = 22 for GCDACs and n = 10 for SACs) were subtyped as conventional, nonconventional, or mixed-type dysplasia...
March 27, 2024: American Journal of Surgical Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546063/meta-analysis-of-incidence-and-mortality-of-firefighter-cancer-an-update-on-emerging-science
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara A Jahnke, Nattinee Jitnarin, Christopher K Haddock, Christopher Kaipust, Walker S Carlos Poston, Brittany S Hollerbach, Carolyn Crisp, Brittni Naylor Metoyer
BACKGROUND: Firefighters are faced with a broad range of toxic exposures during their work, including known and suspected carcinogens. The current study is an update to the previously published meta-analysis of cancer risk among firefighters by Soteriades and colleagues, and focuses on studies published from 2008 to 2020. METHODS: A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted, including electronic databases and bibliographies of recently published papers...
March 1, 2024: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38545880/oral-pathobiont-klebsiella-chaperon-usher-pili-provide-site-specific-adaptation-for-the-inflamed-gut-mucosa
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yijie Guo, Sho Kitamoto, Gustavo Caballero-Flores, Yeji Kim, Daisuke Watanabe, Kohei Sugihara, Gabriel Núñez, Christopher J Alteri, Naohiro Inohara, Nobuhiko Kamada
The ectopic gut colonization by orally derived pathobionts has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). For example, gut colonization by orally derived Klebsiella spp. has been linked to IBD in mice and humans. However, the mechanisms whereby oral pathobionts colonize extra-oral niches, such as the gut mucosa, remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a high-density transposon (Tn) screening to identify genes required for the adaptation of an oral Klebsiella strain to different mucosal sites - the oral and gut mucosae - at the steady state and during inflammation...
2024: Gut Microbes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38545472/incidence-of-colorectal-cancer-after-intestinal-infection-due-to-clostridioides-difficile
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Raina K Patel, Matthew Cardeiro, Lexi Frankel, Enoch Kim, Kazuaki Takabe, Omar M Rashid
BACKGROUND: Clostridioides difficile ( C. difficile or C. diff ) is a toxin-producing bacteria that is notorious for causing life-threatening diarrhea. Recent literature has investigated various effects of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in cancer patients, but research into the impact of CDI on the development of cancer and its effects on the microbiome is limited. CDI predominately affects the colon, which urges consideration into the sequalae of infection. This study investigated the correlation between CDI and the incidence of colorectal carcinoma (CRC)...
April 2024: World Journal of Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38545369/a-case-report-of-pulmonary-edema-secondary-to-large-volume-bowel-preparation-in-a-high-risk-patient-with-multiple-cardiopulmonary-co-morbidities
#13
Kush Fansiwala, Preeti Prakash, Christopher L Coe, Guy A Weiss
INTRODUCTION: Polyethylene glycol 3,350 and electrolytes is a commonly prescribed bowel regimen for colonoscopy preparation with an overall excellent safety profile, though prior reports have demonstrated risk of volume overload. CASE PRESENTATION: A 55-year-old man with significant cardiopulmonary co-morbidities was admitted for acute hypoxic respiratory failure and subsequent evaluation for lung transplant. As part of his pretransplant evaluation, colon cancer screening was advised...
2024: Case Reports in Gastroenterology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38545368/pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma-encapsulated-by-a-tumor-forming-type-1-autoimmune-pancreatitis-located-at-the-pancreatic-tail-a-case-report
#14
Taro Ando, Hiroyuki Nitta, Akira Umemura, Hirokatsu Katagiri, Shoji Kanno, Daiki Takeda, Masao Nishiya, Noriyuki Uesugi, Tamotsu Sugai, Akira Sasaki
INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is recognized as a disease with a good prognosis that responds well to steroids, but the complication of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in AIP is a rare condition. We report a case of PDAC encapsulated by tumor-forming type 1 AIP. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient, a 65-year-old female, was found to have high CA19-9 levels and a pancreatic mass with a diameter of 30 mm on abdominal ultrasonography. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a 40-mm mass in the tail of the pancreas that had a 27-mm oligemic mass inside it...
2024: Case Reports in Gastroenterology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38545267/evolution-of-filiform-polyposis-from-classical-pseudopolyposis-in-a-pediatric-ulcerative-colitis-patient
#15
Victor Liaw, Jason Park, Bradley Barth, Jacobo Santolaya
Filiform polyposis (FP) is a morphologic variant of pseudopolyposis associated with inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, namely, inflammatory bowel disease. Pediatric cases are uncommon in the literature. Here, we present a pediatric patient with FP arising from ulcerative colitis (UC). He initially presented at 7 years of age for an acute UC flare and was found to have classical pseudopolyposis. A follow-up colonoscopy at age 9 showed the evolution of classical pseudopolyposis to FP. The patient clinically improved with sulfasalazine monotherapy and remained in remission based on consistent pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index scores of zero and normal-range inflammatory markers...
February 2024: JPGN reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38544678/a-rare-case-of-colorectal-cancer-metastasis-to-the-pancreas-a-case-report
#16
Hesameddin Eghlimi, Moein Mirzadeh, Hamidreza Movahedi, Tala Tabrizi
Colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer worldwide. On presentation, 20% of patients will have metastatic disease, and the most common sites for metastatic colon cancer are liver, lung, and peritoneum. Our patient was a 55-year-old man with a history of rectal adenocarcinoma cancer and colectomy surgery for the past 2 years, who had presented changes in bowel movements, rectal bleeding and thin. In the new visit and positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan, the results showed that there are two ill-defined foci of increased FDG (F-fluorodeoxyglucose) uptake in the body (metabolic diameter = 26 mm, SUVmax = 7...
March 2024: Journal of Surgical Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38544428/glp-1-receptor-agonists-alleviate-colonic-inflammation-by-modulating-intestinal-microbiota-and-the-function-of-group-3-innate-lymphoid-cells
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hanxiao Sun, Jie Shu, Jupei Tang, Yue Li, Jinxin Qiu, Zhaoyun Ding, Binbin Xuan, Minghui Chen, Chenxin Gan, Jinpiao Lin, Ju Qiu, Huiming Sheng, Chuanxin Wang
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), which are drugs used for treating type 2 diabetes, have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the mechanism of which remains elusive. Here, we report that GLP-1RAs ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in both wild-type and T/B-cell-deficient mice through modulating group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), a subset of innate lymphoid cells that regulate intestinal immunity. GLP-1RAs promote IL-22 production by ILC3, and the protective effect of GLP-1RAs on DSS-induced colitis was abrogated in ILC3-deficient RORgtgfp/gfp mice...
March 27, 2024: Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543708/intra-host-evolution-analyses-in-an-immunosuppressed-patient-supports-sars-cov-2-viral-reservoir-hypothesis
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dominique Fournelle, Fatima Mostefai, Elsa Brunet-Ratnasingham, Raphaël Poujol, Jean-Christophe Grenier, José Héctor Gálvez, Amélie Pagliuzza, Inès Levade, Sandrine Moreira, Mehdi Benlarbi, Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières, Gabrielle Gendron-Lepage, Catherine Bourassa, Alexandra Tauzin, Simon Grandjean Lapierre, Nicolas Chomont, Andrés Finzi, Daniel E Kaufmann, Morgan Craig, Julie G Hussin
Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, several variants of concern (VOCs) have been identified, many of which share recurrent mutations in the spike glycoprotein's receptor-binding domain (RBD). This region coincides with known epitopes and can therefore have an impact on immune escape. Protracted infections in immunosuppressed patients have been hypothesized to lead to an enrichment of such mutations and therefore drive evolution towards VOCs. Here, we present the case of an immunosuppressed patient that developed distinct populations with immune escape mutations throughout the course of their infection...
February 23, 2024: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543653/effects-of-salmonella-typhimurium-infection-on-the-gut-microbiota-of-cherry-valley-meat-ducks
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yue Zheng, Xue Pan, Jialei Hou, Wenchong Shi, Shuhong Sun, Mengze Song, Zheng Gao
Salmonella infection causes serious economic losses, threatens food safety, and is one of the most important diseases threatening meat duck farming. The gut microbiome is critical in providing resistance against colonization by exogenous microorganisms. Studying the relationship between Salmonella and gut microbiota can help us better understand the threat of the pathogenic mechanism of Salmonella and provide a more scientific theoretical basis for its prevention and treatment. This study uses Salmonella Typhimurium as the research object and Cherry Valley meat duck as the model with which to study the impact of Salmonella infection on ducks...
March 18, 2024: Microorganisms
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543622/microbial-symphony-navigating-the-intricacies-of-the-human-oral-microbiome-and-its-impact-on-health
#20
REVIEW
Rahul Bhandary, Geethu Venugopalan, Amitha Ramesh, Guilia Margherita Tartaglia, Ishita Singhal, Shahnawaz Khijmatgar
This comprehensive review delves into the forefront of research on the human oral microbiome, exploring recent advancements that span microbial colonization, state-of-the-art detection methodologies, and the complex interplay involved in disease progression. Through an exhaustive analysis of the contemporary literature, we illuminate the dynamic orchestration of microbial communities within the oral cavity, underscoring their pivotal role in health and disease. Cutting-edge detection techniques, including metagenomics and high-throughput sequencing, are discussed regarding their transformative impact on understanding the intricacies of oral microbial ecosystems...
March 13, 2024: Microorganisms
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